Comparative analysis on prevalence of tobacco and e-cigarettes uses in junior middle school students in Shanghai, 2013 and 2019

Objective To understand the impact of violent video games exposure, self-control level and coping style on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai, and provide a basis for future interventions to effectively reduce adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select 1 886 students of 4 public middle schools in Shanghai from May to June 2019. The data was collected included Violent Video Game Use Habits Questionnaire, Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Control Dual System Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. Results According to the potential profile analysis, the level of aggressive behavior of junior school students in Shanghai could be divided into four groups, which was low aggressive group, middle aggressive group one, middle aggressive group two and high aggressive group according to level of aggregate. After controlling for gender and age, multivariate Logistic regression showed that exposure to violent video games, impulse system and negative response were risk factors for aggressive behavior ( P<0.05); using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of violent video games in other three groups were 1.26, 1.30 and 1.70 respectively. The OR of impulse system were 2.96, 4.40 and 6.84 respectively. The OR of negative response were 1.17, 1.42 and 1.74 respectively. Positive response was a protective factor ( P<0.05). Using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of positive in other three groups were 0.82, 0.52 and 0.49 respectively. Conclusion Violent video game exposure, impulsive system and negative coping style can increase the level of aggressive behavior of junior high school students, while positive coping style can reduce the level of aggression of junior middle school students. 【摘要】 目的 了解上海市初中生暴力电子游戏接触、自我控制水平和应对方式对攻击性行为的影响, 为有效降低青少年攻击性行为干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法, 于 2019 年 5—6 月对上海市 4 所普通公立初中学校 1 886 名在校学生进行问卷调査, 调査内容包括暴力电子游戏使用习惯问卷、Buss和Peny攻击问卷、青少年自我控制双系统量表以及简易应对方式问卷。 结果 上海市初中生攻击性行为水平根据潜在剖面分析可以分为 4 个组别, 根据攻击性水平从低到髙, 依次命名为低攻击组、中等攻击 1 组、中等攻击 2 组和髙攻击组。在控制性别和年龄的基础上, 多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示, 与低攻击组相比, 其余各组别中暴力电子游戏接触、冲动系统、消极应对与攻击性行为均呈正相关( OR 值分别为 1.26, 1.30, 1.70；2.96,4.40,6.84；1.17, 1.42, 1.74, P 值均<0.05), 积极应对与攻击性行为呈负相关( OR 值分别为 0.82, 0.52,0.49, P 值均<0.05)。 结论 暴力电子游戏接触、冲动系统和消极应对方式会增加初中生的攻击性行为水平, 而积极应对方式能降低初中生攻击性水平。

Monitoring tobacco use on a regular schedule is a basic tool of tobacco control policy. This study aimed (1) to assess the current prevalence and patterns of tobacco and e-cigarette use, as well as (2) to identify socioeconomic factors associated with smoking behavior among adults in Poland. This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2022 on a nationwide, representative sample of 1090 adults in Poland. The computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technique was used. Daily tobacco smoking was declared by 28.8% of respondents (27.1% of females and 30.8% of males; p = 0.2) and 4.2% were occasional smokers (4.2% of females and 4.3% of males; p = 0.8). Most of the current smokers (62.1%) smoked regular cigarettes and 25.2% smoked hand-rolled cigarettes. The prevalence of daily e-cigarette use was 4.8% (4.0% among females and 5.6% among males; p = 0.2). Daily heated tobacco use was declared by 4.0% of respondents (5.1% of females and 2.9% of males; p = 0.07). Age, having children, and educational level were significantly associated with current daily tobacco smoking. This study revealed a high prevalence of tobacco and e-cigarette use among adults in Poland. The presented data underscore the importance of further improvements in adopting a comprehensive tobacco control strategy in Poland.

Cannabis legalization, tobacco prevention policies, and Cannabis use in E-cigarettes among youth

PurposeThis study investigates the neck/shoulder pain (NSP) and low back pain (LBP) among current high school students in Shanghai and explores the relationship between these pains and their possible influences, including digital products, physical activity, and psychological status.MethodsAn anonymous self-assessment was administered to 3,600 students across 30 high schools in Shanghai. This questionnaire examined the prevalence of NSP and LBP and the level of physical activity as well as the use of mobile phones, personal computers (PC) and tablet computers (Tablet). The CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) scale was also included in the survey. The survey data were analyzed using the chi-square test, univariate logistic analyses and a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsThree thousand sixteen valid questionnaires were received including 1,460 (48.41%) from male respondents and 1,556 (51.59%) from female respondents. The high school students in this study showed NSP and LBP rates of 40.8% and 33.1%, respectively, and the prevalence of both influenced by the student’s grade, use of digital products, and mental status; these factors affected the rates of NSP and LBP to varying degrees. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Gender, grade, soreness after exercise, PC using habits, tablet use, sitting time after school and academic stress entered the final model of NSP, while the final model of LBP consisted of gender, grade, soreness after exercise, PC using habits, mobile phone use, sitting time after school, academic stress and CES-D score.ConclusionsHigh school students in Shanghai showed high prevalence of NSP and LBP that were closely related to multiple factors. Appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce the occurrences of NSP and LBP.

This study examines the relationship between factors (social support, self-esteem, emotional intelligence [EI], mindfulness, school PA program engagement [SPPE]), physical activity (PA), academic self-efficacy (ASE), and depression in Shanghai junior high school students. A nationwide offline survey was conducted in Shanghai between August and December 2023 using a purposive sampling design. A total of 432 questionnaires were administered to six seventh- and eighth-grade classes from six schools in Shanghai; 416 responses were included in the final analysis. SPSS software version 29, the Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression techniques were employed to analyze the collected data. Social support, self-esteem, EI, mindfulness, SPPE, PA, ASE, and depression were found to be correlated. None of the common factors significantly predict PA, as the p-values were more than 0.05. Social support, self-esteem, EI, and SPPE had a positive significant influence on ASE except for mindfulness. Social support, self-esteem, and mindfulness had a negative significant influence on depression among Shanghai junior high school students. This study highlights the interconnectedness of social support, self-esteem, EI, mindfulness, and SPPE with ASE and depression among junior high school students in Shanghai. While none of the factors predicted PA levels, social support, self-esteem, EI, and mindfulness emerged as important contributors to ASE, while social support, self-esteem, and mindfulness emerged as important contributors to depression.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tobacco and nicotine use remains debated. We examined whether the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use and nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether changes differed by sociodemographic groups. Repeated cross-sectional study of three national surveys in Finland (2018, 2019 and 2020; n = 58526 adults aged 20 and over). Outcomes were daily and occasional smoking, smokeless tobacco (snus) use, e-cigarettes use, total tobacco or nicotine use and NRT use. We examined changes for each outcome by sex, age, educational tertiles, marital status, mother tongue and social participation. Daily smoking decreased among males by 1.15 percentage points (pp) [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.10 to -0.20] between 2018 and 2020 and 0.86 pp among females (95% CI -1.58 to -0.15). Daily snus use remained stable in both sexes. Daily e-cigarette use was below 1% and remained stable. We found weak evidence of a reduction in total tobacco or nicotine use between 2018 and 2020 (males -1.18 pp, 95% CI -2.68 to 0.32 and females -0.8 pp, 95% CI -1.81 to 0.22). NRT use remained stable. Snus and NRT use decreased among 60- to 74-year-olds but remained stable in other age groups. We did not find evidence of interactions by subgroup for other outcomes. Daily smoking decreased in Finland between 2018 and 2020, but other forms of tobacco use did not experience a reduction. The COVID-19 pandemic does not seem to have altered the sustained reduction of smoking in Finland, although substantial sociodemographic differences persist.

Objective: Existing literature on young adults’ e-cigarette and polysubstance use focused on college students. This study examined the differences between college and noncollege groups on prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette and other substance use using data from a national survey. Participants: Adults aged 18–24 from the 2013–2014 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (n = 6,608). Methods: Independent sample t-tests and Chi-square tests were conducted to examine group differences. Results: Noncollege young adults had higher prevalence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use; college students had higher prevalence of alcohol use. Among current e-cigarette users, college students had higher prevalence of polysubstance use of alcohol and marijuana. College students used e-cigarettes for socializing purposes more. Conclusions: Differences in prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette and other substance use between college and noncollege groups exist. Future interventions should target the social context of college life and reach out to noncollege young adults in workplaces.

Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US

School curricular and extracurricular activities, including indoor study and sports like basketball, significantly impact adolescent physical and mental health. However, their effects on hand and nasal microbiomes, particularly regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), are underexplored. Here, we recruited 42 junior middle school students in Shanghai to investigate microbial composition and ARGs, collecting 336 hand and nasal samples after handwashing, indoor study, indoor basketball, and outdoor basketball. Our results showed that playing basketball either indoors or outdoors increased microbial diversity in nasal cavities and on hands, compared to post-handwashing. Notably, nasal microbiomes were predominantly derived from hand microbiomes, regardless of the activity performed. Among ARGs, macB genes were more abundant after outdoor basketball than indoor basketball, with this difference more pronounced in nasal cavities than on hands. Metagenomic sequencing identified Aureimonas phyllosphaerae as the primary macB gene host. Although this bacterium harbors ARGs, it is non-pathogenic and lacks mobile genetic elements, indicating a low potential for horizontal gene transfer or interspecies ARG transmission. Collectively, even though students may be exposed to more ARGs during outdoor activities, the health risks are likely minimal because the observed ARG bacteria are non-pathogenic and the likelihood of interspecies ARG transmission is low.

BackgroundActive smoking and exposure to passive smoke are responsible for numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions, attitudes, patterns of personal tobacco use and exposure to environmental smoke among a sample of pregnant women in Greece.MethodA cross sectional survey was undertaken of 300 women identified from the perinatal care records of the Maternity Departments of two hospitals in Athens between February 2013 and May 2013. Data on active and passive maternal smoking status in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, fetal and neonatal tobacco related complications, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy, quit attempts, behaviors towards avoiding passive smoking and beliefs towards smoking cessation during pregnancy were collected using self-administered questionnaires on the 3rd postnatal day. Women also completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).ResultsOf 300 women recruited to the study 48 % reported tobacco use during the first trimester of pregnancy. Amongst participants who were tobacco users, 83.3 % reported making an attempt to quit but less than half (45.1 %) were successful. Among women who continued to smoke during pregnancy the majority (55.8 %) reported that they felt unable to quit, and 9.3 % reported that they considered smoking cessation was not an important health issue for them. Participants who continued to smoke during pregnancy were more likely to report fetal (χ2 = 11.41; df = 5; p < 0.05) and newborn complications (χ2 = 6.41; df = 2; p < 0.05), including preterm birth and low birth weight. Participants who reported that their partners were smokers were more likely to smoke throughout their pregnancy (χ2 = 14.62; df = 1; p < 0.001). High rates of second-hand smoke exposure were reported among both smoking and non-smoking women. Pregnant smokers had significantly higher levels of postnatal depressive and anxiety symptomatology, as measured using the EPDS, than non-smokers.ConclusionOur data supports the importance of ensuring that pregnant women, their partners and close relatives are educated on the health risks of active and passive smoking and how these could have an adverse effect to their fetus and infants, as well as the pregnant women themselves.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescent in Zhejiang province, and to analyze its distribution of different genders and school types to provide evidence for controlling the use of e-cigarette among adolescent. Methods: A total of 7 663 students from 60 middle schools through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling methods from Zhejiang province were surveyed by using questionnaire. Indicators as tried to use e-cigarette rate, current e-cigarette using rate, and other indicators were collected. All data were weighted by age proportions of adolescent in Zhejiang. Results: The prevalence of tried to use and current using e-cigarettes among middle school students were 6.99% and 1.45%, respectively; and there were 4.19% juniors who were susceptibility to future e-cigarette use. The rate of tied to use e-cigarette, current using e-cigarette and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use were higher in boys than in girls. The rate of current using e-cigarette was 2.07% for rural and 0.48% for urban. Technical secondary school students had the highest rate of tried to use e-cigarette and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use (13.53%, 6.91%). Junior school students (2.96%) had the lowest level of susceptibility to future tobacco use. The rate of tried e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use were higher in the group of "One of students' parents was smoker" (8.63%, 2.19%, 5.23%). The highest rate of current smoking was found in the group of "Weekly allowance more than 50 Yuan" (10.02%, 2.54%, 6.29%). Compared to technical secondary school students, senior school student (OR=0.57) and junior school students (OR=0.45) were less likely to try to use e-cigarette. Students whose weekly allowance were less than 20 Yuan were less likely to try to use e-cigarette (OR=0.49). Students who were boys (OR=5.44) and one of their parents was smoker (OR=1.59) were more likely to try to use e-cigarette. Conclusions: There were middle school students with tried e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use, especially in technical secondary schools. The prevalence of e-cigarette using among middle school students increased with age. It is important to further spread of e-cigarette knowledge widely and deeply, and reduce the susceptible population of adolescents using e-cigarettes.

BackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is rising globally, including in the UAE. They are often marketed as harm reduction tools and potential aids for smoking cessation, but their long-term health effects remain unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette and tobacco use among adults in the UAE, and to assess sociodemographic and behavioral factors influencing e-cigarette use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Participants aged 18 years and older were recruited through convenience sampling across public places in the UAE. The questionnaire, available in English, Arabic, Urdu, and Hindi, included items on demographics, smoking and vaping behavior, quit attempts, and influencing factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis to identify associations (p ≤ 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of e-cigarette use, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals reported.ResultsAmong the 1,500 participants, 27.6% reported ever using tobacco products, and 14.1% were current smokers. Cigarettes were the most common product used (22.3%), followed by e-cigarettes (6.1%), shisha (5.6%), and dhokha (1.4%). E-cigarette use was more prevalent among younger adults (10.1% among 18–24-year-olds), females (7.8%), those with higher education, singles, and students. Behavioral factors such as stress, curiosity, social influence, and coping mechanisms were significantly associated with e-cigarette use.ConclusionE-cigarette use in the UAE is influenced by a combination of sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The findings highlight the importance of separating e-cigarette use from traditional tobacco consumption in public health research and interventions, particularly when targeting younger populations.

This study aimed to estimate the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure using urinary cotinine (UCo) to prove that the SHS exposure could not be properly assessed by self-reporting (SR). In total, 28,574 nonsmokers aged >19 years were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2009–2018). First, changes in the annual concentration of UCo were analyzed, and the annual SHS exposure rates were measured based on SR and UCo from 2009 to 2018. Then, the average UCo concentration and UCo-measured SHS exposure rate were confirmed according to the subjects’ characteristics. Finally, factors associated with the UCo-measured SHS exposure rate were identified based on multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that the annual UCo concentrations and self-reported SHS exposure rates dropped significantly over the past decade. In contrast, the UCo-measured SHS exposure rate indicated that >80% of nonsmokers are still exposed to SHS. Moreover, we found vulnerable groups using UCo-measured SHS exposure rate. In particular, the self-reported SHS exposure at home and in workplaces and house type was highly associated with SHS exposure. Thus, these findings indicate that the actual SHS exposure could not be properly assessed by SR and should be verified using a biomarker, such as UCo. Considering that even a short-term exposure can be harmful to health, the goal of the policy should be to keep cotinine concentration as low as possible.

Background The rise of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has attracted both former smokers and teenagers looking for an alternative nicotine source. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use, the determinants associated with its use, dependence, and the impact of e-cigarette use on physical activity and mental health among the Saudi population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 27, 2024, to October 21, 2024. We used Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit participants using an electronic survey questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. Results Among 3092 participants, the prevalence of e-cigarette use was 9.8%.Nicotine dependence was notable among users, with 41.7% exhibiting medium dependence and 22.2% reporting high dependence. Physical activity levels varied: 22.3% engaged in high activity, 34.1% in moderate, and 24.3% in low activity. Regarding mental health, 42.2% experienced high psychological distress. Participants with high physical activity had significantly higher odds of e-cigarette use [crude odds ratio (cOR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–2.49], while those with high distress had lower odds [cOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.19–0.39]. Path analysis revealed that mental distress positively predicted e-cigarette dependence ( β = 0.118 ), whereas physical activity showed a small positive association with dependence ( β = 0.209 ). Conclusions E-cigarette use in this population is significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors, physical activity levels, and mental health status. The complex relationship observed, where high physical activity is associated with use and mental distress is protective against initiation but predictive of dependence, highlights the need for integrated public health strategies. Interventions should focus on high-risk groups and address the dual role of lifestyle and psychological factors in both prevention and dependence management.

Background Cigarette smoking can negatively affect treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, especially among those with Crohn’s disease (CD). E-cigarette has been considered a safer alternative to delivering nicotine for IBD patients who smoke. However, given the recent large number of reported e-cigarette-related lung injury cases, CDC released an interim guidance update on those lung injuries. They also coined a term EVALI (e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury) emphasizing the possible harms in e-cigarette smoking. To the best our knowledge, we currently do not know the recent smoking habits in American IBD patients, especially when it reveals that e-cigarette use might cause serious lung injuries. Methods We used National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for 2015–2016, which is a nationally representative survey for noninstitutionalized adults in the US. Weighted counts and percentages were estimated using survey design for the population-level results. We identified those who reportedly were told by a doctor or healthcare professional that they have IBD. We first estimated the prevalence of current e-cigarette or cigarette use among IBD patients. We then estimated the frequency of use (every day or some days) among the current users. We also categorized IBD patients into 4 groups by smoking type: those using e-cigarette only, cigarette only, using both, and neither. To see the characteristics of e-cigarette users, we stratified e-cigarette users by current/former/never cigarette use status. Results We identified 951 participants (population estimate: 3.1 million) with IBD. Among those people, 5.0% (95% CI: 3.1–6.9) was current e-cigarette users while 17.9% (95% CI: 14.8–21.0) was current cigarette smokers. Prevalence of every-day use and some-day use of e-cigarette was similar (2.4% vs 2.6%), while there was much higher prevalence of every-day use than some-day use in cigarette (15.3% vs 2.6%). Those who were using both e-cigarette and cigarette was 3.2% (Table). Majority of e-cigarette users were also currently using cigarette (63.6%, 95% CI: 48.9–78.3), while 32.7% (95% CI: 18.4–47.0) of them were former cigarette smokers. Only 3.7% (0.0–8.9) of them never used cigarettes. Conclusion While numerous studies show e-cigarette use is generally increasing rapidly in the US, we found that 5% of IBD patients are currently using e-cigarette. Almost two-thirds of them were also currently smoking cigarette and one-third of them were former smokers. It is possible that most of the e-cigarette users are still in the process of transitioning from cigarette smoking and thus using both types. We lack information on effects of using e-cigarette or both e-cigarette and cigarette in IBD treatment outcomes, as well as how e-cigarette use will complicate other health risks in IBD patients (e.g. lung injuries). We need further research on these effects to properly guide IBD patients who are in need of smoking cessation.