Comparative Effects of Core Versus Forearm Training on Pull-Up Repetition Performance in Physically Inactive Males

Data about effects of exercise training in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) are very limited. This study investigated the effect of 2 different frequencies of the same intensity and total training volume of combined exercise training on indices of body composition, physical fitness, and lipid profile in overweight and obese adolescents with ID. A total of 45 overweight and obese adolescents with ID aged 14-22 years with a total IQ 45-70 received combined exercise training 3 times a week (CET3) for 30 sessions (10 weeks; n = 15), twice a week (CET2) for 30 sessions (15 weeks; n = 15), or no training (10 weeks; n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex, and education form. Before and after the intervention period, indices of body composition, physical fitness and lipid profile have been evaluated. Compared to the control group, CET3 resulted in a significant improvement of physical fitness, obesity indices, and lipid profile of the participants. Comparing CET2 with CET3, no significantly different evolutions were noticed, except for lower limb strength in favor of exercising 3 times a week. In conclusion, exercising 2 times a week, which is more feasible and practical for participants and guidance, has the same health beneficial effects as 3 times per week in overweight and obese adolescents with ID in short-term training.

Measurement of grip strength is an important component in hand evaluation. It assesses the patient's initial limitations and provides a quick reassessment of patient's progress throughout the treatment. This investigation was conducted to examine the determinants of hand dominance of average versus maximum grip strength, body mass index (BMI) and age for hand evaluation. Subjects were 877 apparently healthy male adult volunteers from the Inonu University – students and personnel; average age 21.14±2.09(19–40 years). A good correlation was found between the BMI hand strength measures. Grip strength was measured instrumentally. The rule "dominant hand(DH) is approximately 10% stronger than the non-dominant hand (NDH)" was found to be valid for left handed persons only (7%) otherwise these measures should be considered equivalent in both hands. The difference between maximum and average of three consecutive measurement of grip strength was found significant for both hands. As the significant difference was found between RGSmax (Maximum Grip Strength of Right Hand) and RGSav (Average Grip Strength of Right Hand); LGSmax (Maximum Grip Strength of Left Hand)/LGSav (Average Grip Strength of Left Hand) measures for RDH. RGSmax and LGSmax where correlated only for LDH. Therefore, average of three consecutive measurement of grip strength is more consistent for standard hand evaluation.

BackgroundAnnual fitness assessments are performed during group exercise therapy for people with axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) living in Switzerland. The core strength test (CST) is time-consuming, and interpretation limited. Thus, the objectives were to 1) compare the CST-performance of people with axSpA and healthy controls, and 2) evaluate if hand grip strength can be used as a proxy for core strength.MethodsRoutinely gathered data of people with axSpA was used and data from healthy controls collected. Differences in strength were investigated using Welch Two-sample t-tests or Fisher’s exact tests. The associations between grip and core strength were explored through pairwise Pearson correlations (r). Further, a linear regression model was fitted to data of people with axSpA with grip strength as the response variable, and ventral, dorsal and lateral core strength endurance, age and sex as predictors.ResultsData from 160 healthy controls (50% male, mean age 59.3 (SD 11.47) years) and 112 people with axSpA (58% male, mean age 57.7 (SD 12.1) years) was included. People with axSpA showed lower core strength endurance (sec) than the controls: ventral core strength mean difference −28, p < 0.001; lateral core strength mean difference −17, p < 0.001; dorsal core strength mean difference −39, p < 0.001, and lower grip strength −3.7, p = 0.012. The linear regression model with hand grip as response and core strength, age, and sex as predictors explained 44% of the variability.ConclusionPeople with axSpA showed substantially lower core muscle strength endurance than healthy controls. Core strength measures have only marginal effects on grip strength in people with axSpA. Therefore, grip strength is not appropriate to be used a s a proxy for core strength in people with axSpA and healthy people.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-025-00575-y.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between core endurance, hand grip strength, and reaction time in young adults. Method: Fifty-two undergraduate students with an average age of 21.07 (1.46) were included in this cross-sectional, observational study. Core endurance (McGill’s Core Endurance Tests), hand grip strength (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer), and the lower extremity reaction time (OptoGait device) were assessed. Results: There was a moderate, positive correlation between the left-right trunk lateral endurance test and the right (respectively; r=0.51, r=0.47, p&amp;lt;0.001) and left-hand grip strength (respectively; r=0.52, r=0.51, p&amp;lt;0.001). A weak, negative correlation was found between the left-right trunk lateral endurance test and right lower extremity reaction time (respectively; r=-0.38, p=0.005; r=-0.39, p=0.004). There was a weak, negative correlation between left- and right-hand grip strength and right lower extremity reaction time (respectively; r=-0.32, p=0.02; r=-0.37, p=0.006). Additionally, in participants with the right dominant leg, a moderate, negative correlation was found between the right lower extremity reaction time and right-hand grip strength (r=-0.40, p=0.01) and a weak, negative correlation with left and right trunk lateral endurance test (respectively; r=-0.35, p=0.03; r=-0.33, p=0.04). Conclusion: The findings of this study, which demonstrate that there was a relationship between core endurance, hand grip strength, and reaction time, can provide a valuable resource for professionals working in this field. The association between these parameters may be helpful in guiding exercise planning in subjects such as injury, rehabilitation process, and increasing performance in sports.

Purpose: The current study is intended to assess the effects of a multicomponent social support intervention program on grip strength, sprinting, jumping, agility, flexibility, core strength and exercise attitude among children over a period of twelve weeks. Method: This study followed a randomized parallel design in which 366 children (age: 9.35 ± 1.12 years) in the 3rd–5th grade at an elementary school in China were allocated to an intervention group (n = 183) or a control group (n = 183). Participants were assessed twice (baseline and postintervention) for the following tests: (i) grip strength, (ii) 50 m dash, (iii) rope skipping, (iv) sit-ups, (v) sit-and-reach, and (vi) exercise attitude. The intervention group received the “Exercise Methods and Wellness Knowledge Guide (EMWKG)” leaflet three times a week. The control group was not required to make any changes. Results: Significant increases in pre–post left-hand grip strength (Cohen’s d = 0.10, p < 0.001), right-hand grip strength (Cohen’s d = 0.09, p < 0.001), and behavioral intention (Cohen’s d = 0.17, p < 0.01) were observed in the intervention group. Students in the control group showed significant decreases in three indicators: both 50 m (Cohen’s d = 0.19, p < 0.01) and sit-ups (Cohen’s d = 0.14, p < 0.05) as well as sit-and-reach (Cohen’s d = 0.46, p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between the two groups in right-hand grip strength (F = 7.109, ηp2 = 0.020), sit-and-reach (F = 11.255, ηp2 = 0.031), and subjective standards (F = 15.461, ηp2 = 0.043). A comparison of the post hoc test results showed that the intervention group scored 0.519 kg (95% CI: 0.136–0.901, Cohen’s d = 0.27), 0.944 cm (95% CI: 0.0391–1.497, Cohen’s d = 0.35), and 2.535 points (95% CI: 1.267–3.803, Cohen’s d = 0.41) higher than the control group in right-hand grip strength, sit-and-reach, and subjective standards, respectively. Conclusion: This combined social support theory-based intervention was effective in improving exercise attitude and fitness among children in 12 weeks.

Introduction: Chemotherapy is associated with an increase in fatigue and loss of strength in female breast cancer (BCa) survivors. Strength training has been found to reverse these effects, however, the COVID pandemic added a complexity to clinic-based exercise intervention. The purpose of this study is to determine if a home-based resistance exercise program can attenuate these debilitating effects in a cohort of breast cancer survivors that have recently completed chemotherapy. Methods: Ten BCa survivors who completed chemotherapy within the previous 6 months were recruited to participate in a 12-week home-based resistance exercise proof of concept study. Exercise was performed 3 times per week, supervised via Zoom. Participants completed 2-3 sets of upper body and lower body exercises to volitional fatigue. Self-reported fatigue was measured using the respective subscale from the EORTC QLQ-C30. Strength was measured using hand grip dynamometry and isometric leg strength. Physical function was measured using the 6-minute walk test. Assessments were completed at baseline and end of study. As a comparison, age matched controls (AMCs) were recruited to complete cross-sectional analysis of each of these variables. A one-way analysis variance was done with Tukey’s post hoc test. Significance was set at p&amp;lt; 0.05. Results: BCa survivors were 46.4 ± 12.5 years old with a BMI of 28.11 ± 5.25. AMCs were 50.3 ±13.3 years old with a BMI of 30.8 ± 5.8. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics. A significant difference in self-reported fatigue was found between groups (F=18.52; p&amp;lt; 0.0001). Post hoc analysis found significant difference in fatigue between BCa survivors at baseline (48 ± 23) and the age matched controls (p&amp;lt; 0.0001). Exercise was able to significantly reduce fatigue in BCa survivors (21 ± 15; p=0.003) to levels not significantly different to AMCs (3.3 ± 7.5). A significant difference was also observed between groups for right-hand grip strength (F= 4.923; p=0.015) and left-hand grip strength (F=8.685, p=0.001). Post hoc analysis found a significant increase in right hand grip strength in the BCa survivor group following the intervention (p=0.012). Left hand grip strength was found to be significantly lower at baseline than AMCs (p=0.048). Left hand grip strength was significantly increased in BCa survivors at end of study (p&amp;lt; 0.001). Finally, a significant difference was observed between groups for isometric leg strength (F= 3.699; p=0.038). Post hoc analysis found a significant difference in leg strength in the BCa survivor group following intervention (pre: 105.9 ± 50.6 N-M; post: 158.4 ± 13.2 N-M; p=0.030) which was 16.5% higher than AMCs (127.4 ± 36.5 N-M). No significant difference was found in 6-minute walk distance. However, there was a 21% increase in the distance walked for BCa survivors after interventions (pre: 441.2 ± 66.5m; post: 501.4 ± 123m), identical to distances walked by AMCs (501.4 ± 90.8m). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that a virtually supervised resistance exercise program can attenuate the negative effects of chemotherapy in BCa survivors to levels similar to their peers that never had breast cancer. Further research using powered sample sizes is needed to validate these results. Citation Format: Taylor Moncrief, Crisann Moon, Angela Gonzalez, Allison Stepanenko, Tiffany Cortes, Darpan Patel. Home-based Resistance Exercise Improves Fatigue and Functional Strength in Female Breast Cancer Survivors Post Chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-12-03.

Grip strengthis not only very important in the daily life but also a major part in sports, including Judo, climbing, baseball and racquets sports. The strength of grip directlyinfluences the performance, so it is an important topic to improve grip strengtheffectively. Recently, Kinesio taping becomes very popular in athletes, it is believed that Kinesio taping can reduce pain, improve body fluid circulation and sport performance. However, the effects of Kinesio taping have not been confirmed in clinical studies. According to recent research, there are no significan differences between Kinesio taping and placebo taping in reducing pain and improving performance. Additionally, few studies have examined the effects of Kinesio taping on grip strength. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of Kinesio taping on maximal grip strength in healthy adults. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Themaximal grip strength for both hands was measured via the JAMAR Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. The average of the three trials of each hand was recorded for analysis. The forearm facilitation taping was applied one week after the first grip strength testing (without taping), and the grip strength testing was performed again. The maximal grip strength in the two conditions was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Twelve healthy adult subjects completed this study. The maximal grip strength of right hand was less in the Kinesio taping condition as compared to no taping condition (35.97 ± 10.16 vs. 40.42 ± 10.96 kg, p =0.002). Left hand also showed less strength in the Kinesio taping condition as compared to no taping condition (32.89 ± 8.27 vs. 35.31 ± 9.47 kg, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Kinesio taping appears to have no positive effect on facilitating maximal grip strength in healthy adults.

Introduction: The quantitative myasthenia gravis score is a commonly used scale for evaluating muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). It has been reported that some items used in the scale have low discriminative properties. However, there has been no research investigating the applicability of the quantitative MG score (QMGS) in Chinese patients with MG. In addition, the scoring method and ranges of grip strength items in QMGS need to be further evaluated.Methods: This study included 106 Chinese patients with MG, enrolled between September 2020 and February 2021, who were evaluated using the QMGS. Each item in the QMGS was analyzed for distribution. Three methods of evaluating grip strength, grip strength decrement, maximum grip strength, and relative grip strength, were compared. The correlation between the QMG total score minus grip strength score, and three evaluating methods, was analyzed.Results: The grip strength, swallowing, speech, diplopia, ptosis, and facial muscles items showed a clustered distribution. Most patients (94%) presented their maximum grip strength in the first four grip strength measurements. The QMG total score minus the grip strength score had a weak correlation with grip strength decrement (R grip r = 0.276; L grip r = 0.353, both p < 0.05) and moderate correlations with maximum grip strength (R grip r = −0.508; L grip r = −0.507; both p < 0.001) and relative grip strength (R grip r = −0.494; L grip r = −0.497, both p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study suggested that partial items in the QMGS have low discriminative properties for Chinese populations and the maximum grip strength value is the better method to evaluate grip strength compared to the other two scoring methods. Based on the quartiles of maximum grip strength, we propose new scoring ranges for the grip strength items.

Physical Strength can be measured by means of hand grip strength. Correlation of physical strength and various anthropometric measurements have been established in different populations. In the present study, a total of 330 randomly selected normal healthy school going children (165 boys and 165 girls) aged 6-16 years were included from Amritsar, Punjab, India. Ten parameters, viz. height, weight, BMI, five skinfold measurements - biceps, triceps, suprailiac, subscapular and calf, right and left hand grips strength were measured on all the subjects. Results indicate that highly significant positive correlations between all the eight anthropometric characteristics and, left and right hand grip strength were found among school going children aged 6-16 years of Amritsar.

Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to produce power for physical activity, important for mobility, balance and body function. Decreased muscle strength, especially due to aging, negatively impacts quality of life and increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Handgrip is a simple method for measuring muscle strength, especially hand grip strength. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hand grip strength and blood insulin levels in the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional design at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home with 93 participants aged 60 years and over. Hand grip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and blood insulin levels were measured from venous blood samples. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed an average right hand grip strength of 10.23 kg and left hand 9.33 kg, with an average blood insulin level of 4.83 µU/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between right and left hand grip strength (rho = 0.884, p &lt; 0.001), as well as between right (rho = 0.218, p = 0.036) and left hand grip strength (rho = 0.290, p = 0.005) and insulin levels. blood. These results indicate that hand grip strength can be an indicator of metabolic health in the elderly. Interventions such as strength training and proper nutrition are important for maintaining muscle strength and metabolic health in the elderly.

This study aimed to measure health-related physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, muscle strength, flexibility) among adolescent school boys in Madinah, western Saudi Arabia. The participants comprised 36 male students who performed a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined using the bioelectrical impedance scale; hand grip strength was measured using a hand grip dynamometer; and flexibility was determined using the sit and reach test. The results of the health-related physical fitness tests reveal that the mean (± SD) value of estimated VO2max was 41.1 ± 6.9 (ml.kg.min). The mean (± SD) values of BF%, right-hand grip strength, left-hand grip strength, and flexibility were 18.7 ± 8.6 (%), 33.3 ± 5.6 (kg), 32.8 ± 5.7 (kg), and 15.8 ± 3.9 (cm), respectively. With the exception of flexibility, we conclude that it is necessary to improve health-related physical fitness components, particularly muscle strength, among Saudi adolescent school boys in Madinah city.

BackgroundMusicians are performing artists, and parameters such as strength and dexterity are required for their performance. In violinists, who the instrument group with a high prevalence of performance-related musculoskeletal pain (PRMP), the effects of performance on PRMP and these parameters, and the correlation between these parameters and PRMP are also intriguing.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of performance on PRMP, finger grip strength, finger dexterity, and hand grip strength in violinists and also to provide perspective on parameters correlated with PRMP.MethodsThis study included 78 violinists (mean age: 22.50 ± 2.87, 55 Female-23 Male). Violinists were evaluated for PRMP with the Numeric Rating Scale, finger grip strength with the pinch meter, finger dexterity with the Purdue Pegboard Test, and hand grip strength with the hand dynamometer. Musicians were evaluated on two separate days: 1) during rest and one week later, 2) after playing the Concerto in B Minor (post-performance).ResultsPost-performance, there was an improvement in PRMP and finger grip strength and a decrease in finger dexterity. There was no change in hand grip strength. PRMP was only correlated with left-hand grip strength, and the explanatory power of left-hand grip strength was low.ConclusionsContrary to the literature, there was a decrease in PRMP post-performance in young violinists. It is noteworthy that finger grip strength increased while finger dexterity decreased. Left-hand grip strength may contribute to the reduction of PRMP. It is clear that more research is needed on musician health and that clear conclusions are still far off.

To investigate the effect of grip strength on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Low BMD is related to risk of fracture and falling is the strongest factor for fragility fractures. Handgrip strength is a reliable indicator of muscle strength and muscle strength is associated with falling. For the present study 120 women were divided into two groups: those ≤65 years and those >65 years. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), BMD, and handgrip strength were measured to observe the effect of age on 25OHD, grip strength, and BMD, as well as the effect of 25OHD on grip strength and BMD. The correlation between grip strength and BMD was investigated. In the 120 patients, 25OHD was 24.31 ± 8.29 ng/mL. There were 37 cases with 25OHD <20 ng/mL and 83 cases with 25 OHD ≥20 ng/mL. The patients with 25OHD <20 ng/mL had significantly lower femoral neck BMD, most of them with a T score ≤-2.5 (P < 0.05). BMD measurement showed 66 patients with femoral neck T ≤-2.5, 30 cases with total hip T ≤-2.5 and 90 cases with lumbar BMD T ≤-2.5. The maximum grip strength in the group is 22.28 ± 6.17 kg. There were 38 cases with the maximum grip strength <20 kg and 82 cases with the maximum grip strength ≥20 kg. Patients >65 years had lower 25OHD, lower maximum grip strength, and lower BMD. The osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women with a maximum grip strength <20 kg and who were >65 years was significantly elevated. Handgrip strength and 25OHD decrease with aging in postmenopausal women. The patients with lower 25OHD level had significantly lower BMD of femoral neck. The patients with lower handgrip strength had significantly lower BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Grip strength measurement is the simplest muscle strength measurement method. Our study confirmed that low grip strength was correlated with low BMD and was a strong risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Background: The hand is the most active and important part of the upper extremity with complex functional biomechanics and anatomy. The decline in hand grip strength and dexterity with age can adversely affect functional activities. Task-oriented training (TOT) is a treatment approach focused on functional activities of daily life. Aim: To investigate the effect of TOT on hand dexterity, grip strength, and hand function in the geriatric population. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen institutionalized geriatric participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assigned to Group A experimental group (nine participants) who received TOT for 4 weeks, 3 days/week along with routine activities and Group B control group (seven participants) who were involved in routine activities only. Gross dexterity was assessed using the box and block test, fine dexterity with nine-hole peg board, hand grip strength with hand dynamometer, and hand function with the Michigan hand outcome questionnaire. The statistical analysis with Student's t-test was performed using the SPSS software. The significance level kept as P ≤ 0.05. Results: The analysis expressed significant improvement in gross and fine hand dexterity and grip strength among the experimental group. The hand function did not reveal a statistically significant change. Conclusion: A 4-week TOT program is an effective measure to improve gross and fine dexterity, and muscle grip strength in the geriatric population. For improvement in hand function, a longer training may be required.

Sarcopenia and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Evaluating causality and exploring therapeutic targets for sarcopenia through Mendelian randomization.