Comparative Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Bacterial Sepsis and Healthy Controls

BackgroundSalvia.officinalis (S. officinalis), is recognized for its antihyperlipidemic, metabolism-regulating, and antioxidant properties in diabetic and hyperlipidemic disorders. This study examining its effects on lipid and oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), thereby substantiating its role in managing metabolic disorders.MethodsIn this randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed in gynecology clinics affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Accordingly, 70 Iranian married women aged 15–40 years with newly diagnosed PCOS were included. They were randomized to receive either 330 mg of S. officinalis extract or placebo daily for eight weeks. The study outcomes included lipid profile and OS markers.ResultsThe study found a significantly lower triglyceride levels and malondialdehyde after eight weeks of S. officinalis extract intake compared to placebo. Also, the mean change of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity were statistically significant in intervention group.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that S. officinalis extract can significantly reduce triglyceride levels and OS in patients with PCOS, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive natural therapy for managing metabolic and oxidative imbalances associated with this condition. While the extract did not significantly alter other lipid profile markers, the observed improvements highlight the therapeutic promise of S. officinalis. These findings support further investigation into the clinical applications S. officinalis for PCOS and its potential benefits for metabolic health.Trial registrationIRCT201504146917N2 on 2015–10-03 (registered while recruiting).Graphical

The etiopathogenesis of potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) has not been fully understood yet. Recent results suggest that oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of PMOD. Production of oxidants seems to be the major biological effect responsible for tissue injury and inflammatory response to air pollution. The aim of this study was to compare the oxidative stress markers and antioxidant potential in saliva of PMOD subjects and healthy controls in periods of high and low air pollution. Among enrolled 40 participants, there were 20 PMOD patients and 20 healthy volunteers. The exposure to air pollution was assessed by exhaled CO (eCO). Four oxidative status parameters: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in saliva. Measurements were carried out in June (low air pollution) and November (increased air pollution). In both groups, significantly higher concentrations of 8-OHdG (P < 0.001 for PMOD patients and P = 0.001 for healthy controls), MDA (P = 0.002 and P = 0.012 respectively) and eCO (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively) were observed in periods of high air pollution. The concentration of TAC did not change between visits. The concentration of salivary GSH (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 for both groups) decreased when compared between consecutive visits. We conclude that exhaled carbon monoxide (reflecting exposure to air pollution) correlated with the oxidative stress markers in patients with PMOD and healthy controls.

Changes in oxidative stress markers in patients with schizophrenia: The effect of antipsychotic drugs

Recent scientific evidence has suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of medication overuse headache (MOH). This study aims to investigate the differences in peripheral markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR), and their correlation with clinical symptoms in MOH patients, episodic migraine patients, and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study recruited MOH patients along with age- and sex-matched controls. Differences in indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress were compared across different groups, including MOH patients with different preexisting headache subtypes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent factors associated with the occurrence of MOH. The study comprised 109 MOH patients, 68 episodic migraine patients, and 86 healthy controls. MOH patients exhibited significantly higher values of MHR, lymphocyte to HDL ratio (LHR), and neutrophil to HDL ratio (NHR) compared to healthy controls. No statistically significant differences in these indicators were observed between the MOH subgroups. Correlation analysis revealed that only the triglyceride-glucose index was negatively correlated with monthly headache days in MOH patients (r = -0.230, p = 0.016). Additionally, elevated values of MHR odds ratios ((OR) = 2.32, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.18-4.56), LHR (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.40-4.67), and NHR (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.16-3.75) were independently associated with MOH. MOH patients demonstrated markedly distinct inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles. Elevated values of LHR, MHR, and NHR were independently associated with MOH.

Lead is a neurotoxic metallic element that can be absorbed by the body, primarily through the lungs and stomach. Generally, lead poisoning occurs slowly, resulting from the gradual accumulation of lead in bone and tissue after repeated exposure. Left untreated, lead poisoning can damage many internal organs, including the kidney and the nervous system. Recent studies have shown that lead causes oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and reducing the antioxidant defense system of cells. This suggests that antioxidants may play an important role in the treatment of lead poisoning as a kind of scavengers of free radicals.Antioxidant is any substance that reduces oxidative damage such as that caused by free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemicals that attack molecules by capturing electrons and thus modifying chemical structures. Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, is a hormone produced naturally in the pineal gland at the base of the brain.This study was designed to evaluate the clinical significance of melatonin in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced due to chronic exposure to lead.Twenty male patients with chronic lead poisoning and their 20 aged matched normal controls with an age range 35-45 years were included in this study. Treatment included 3 mg capsule of melatonin antioxidant at night for two months. Heparinized venous blood samples were collected from patients before treatment and at one and two months after treatment as well as from controls to measure erythrocytes malondialdehyde (RMDA), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), blood lead (Pb) and serum zinc (Zn) levels.The results of the study showed a significant antioxidant activity of melatonin in eliminating the oxidative consequences of lead exposure revealed by significant reduction in oxidative stress markers ( RMDA and Pb) with a significant increase in body antioxidant defense mechanisms(TAS and Zn).

This is the first study to show both dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and oxidative stress levels in patients with Fabry disease (FD). This prospective study consists of 30 FD patients and 30 healthy controls. Thiol and disulfide values of the study groups were evaluated using a new, cost-effective and fully automatic colorimetric method. A total of 60 subjects were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups for native and total thiol levels (p < 0.001). In addition, disulfide levels were significantly higher in FD patients compared with the control group (p < 0.003). Native thiol levels showed significantly negative correlation with lysosomal globotriaosylceramide, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. In addition, a positive correlation was found between disulfide/natural thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios and TOS, OSI, and blood urea nitrogen. We found total antioxidant status levels were lower in the patient group compared to the control group, while TOS and OSI levels were higher and were statistically significant. This study highlights for the first time a novel, cost-effective and fully automated measurement of thiol-disulfide levels in patients with FD. Determination of thiol levels can make important contributions to understand the etiopathogenesis and follow-up of the disease in FD patients.

BackgroundAbnormal postprandial elevation of plasma glucose and lipids plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and strongly predicts cardiovascular mortality. In patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) postprandial state is associated with oxidative stress, cardiovascular risk and, probably, with impairment of both secretion and the effect of gastrointestinal peptides. Evaluating postprandial changes of gastrointestinal hormones together with changes in oxidative stress markers may help to understand the mechanisms behind the postprandial state in diabetes as well as suggest new preventive and therapeutical strategies.MethodsA standard meal test has been used for monitoring the postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in patients with T2D (n = 50) compared to healthy controls (n = 50). Blood samples were drawn 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the standard meal.ResultsBoth basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin proved to be significantly higher in patients with T2D, whereas plasma concentrations of ghrelin showed significantly lower values during the whole meal test. In comparison with healthy controls, both basal and postprandial concentrations of almost all other gastrointestinal hormones and lipoperoxidation were significantly increased while ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in patients with T2D. A positive relationship was found between changes in GIP and those of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in diabetic patients (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and between changes in PYY and those of glucose (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between changes in GIP and PYY and changes in ascorbic acid in patients with T2D (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion/InterpretationApart from a positive relationship of postprandial changes in GIP and PYY with changes in ascorbic acid, there was no direct link observed between gastrointestinal hormones and oxidative stress markers in diabetic patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01572402

BackgroundChronic oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms responsible for disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, so far, few studies reported increased circulating levels of oxidative stress markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and no study has been performed with newer markers of systemic oxidative stress. The aim was to assess the relationship between urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide and the severity of liver steatosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver.MethodsThe study was performed in 264 consecutive patients referred for suspected metabolic disease. Steatosis was defined according to Hamaguchi ultrasonographic criteria. Oxidative stress was assessed by urinary 8-iso- prostaglandin F2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels.ResultsPatients with non-alcoholic fatty liver had higher (p < 0.001) mean values of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and of serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide, alanine aminotransferase, Cytokeratin-18 and homeostasis model of insulin resistance and lower values of serum adiponectin as compared to those without. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of its clinical features was significantly higher in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Same findings were also observed after the exclusion of obese subjects, or subjects with diabetes or with metabolic syndrome and in those not taking statin medication. In addition, the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α were independent predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver and a strong association of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and of serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide with the severity of steatosis at ultrasound was also observed.ConclusionsWe demonstrated increased markers of oxidative stress in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels were independent from obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome and increased with the severity of liver steatosis at ultrasound.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in obesity. Therefore, we investigated whether moderate and short-term calorie restriction (CR) reflects a real-life situation, mediates weight loss, and improves oxidative stress markers. We analyzed oxidative stress markers in patients with obesity undergoing moderate CR. Serum oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant status (TAS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (generation by endothelial cells in vitro)) were measured in 53 subjects (mean BMI 37.8 ± 5.9 kg/m2) who underwent 8 weeks of CR, which included a reduction of 300–500 kcal/day. MPO was the most CR-sensitive parameter. The mean level of serum MPO in patients with obesity was 20% higher than that in post CR intervention (p < 0.001). SOD increased by 12% after CR (p < 0.05), which was largely due to the improvement in glucose tolerance and the reduction in insulin resistance after CR. Other tested parameters were not modified during the treatment. CR resulted in an expected decrease in body weight (by 5.9 ± 4.6 kg, p < 0.0001) and other anthropometric parameters. Additionally, it was accompanied by a significant change in hsCRP, hsTNF alpha, hsIL-6, leptin (all p < 0.0001), and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were also partially improved. Short-term, moderate CR partially improves antioxidant capacity but is enough to substantially change anthropometric parameters in obese patients. Our observations indicate that mimicking real-life situations and low-cost dietary intervention can be successfully implemented in obesity treatment with a simultaneous moderate effect on antioxidant status.

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Total blood samples were collected from 20 patients with AT, 13 parents of patients, and 17 healthy volunteers. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency of chromosomal breaks in spontaneous cultures, induced by bleomycin and ionizing radiation, and further evaluated the rates of oxidative stress in AT patients and in their parents, compared to a control group. Three cell cultures were performed to each individual: the first culture did not receive induction to chromosomal instability, the second was exposed to bleomycin, and the last culture was exposed to ionizing radiation. To evaluate the rates of oxidative stress, the markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) were utilized. Significant differences were observed between the three kinds of culture treatments (spontaneous, bleomycin, and radiation induced) and the breaks and chromosomal aberrations in the different groups. The oxidative stress showed no significant differences between the markers. This study showed that techniques of chromosomal instability after the induction of ionizing radiation and bleomycin are efficient in the identification of syndrome patients, with the ionizing radiation being the most effective.

Efficacy of Melatonin on Serum Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of smoking on systemic and local oxidative stress markers in patients with periodontitis. Methods: A total of 72 patients with periodontitis [38 smokers (S +P+), 34 non-smokers (S-P+)] and 54 periodontally healthy individuals [28 smokers (S+P-), 26 non-smokers (S-P-, control)] were included. After clinical measurements and samplings, the cotinine level, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the serum and saliva were determined, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for multiple and pairwise comparisons. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Smoking and periodontitis decreased the serum and salivary TAOCs and increased the TOS, MDA level, and OSI. The smokers with periodontitis had the lowest TAOC and the highest TOS, MDA level, and OSI, while the controls had the highest TAOC and the lowest TOS, MDA level, and OSI. The systemic and local effects of smoking seemed more pronounced than those of periodontitis in the oxidative stress study, but no significant difference was identified between the smoking (S+P-) and periodontitis (S-P+) groups. The clinical parameters and oxidative stress markers showed both substantial positive and negative relationships in all groups (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: It can be concluded that smoking and periodontitis (S+P+) are associated with a decrease in serum and salivary TAOCs and an increase in TOS, MDA levels, and OSI. Smoking has a similar effect as periodontitis on local and systemic oxidative stress, and oxidative stress caused by smoking may be a significant factor in the pathophysiology of periodontitis.

Influence of desloratadine on selected oxidative stress markers in patients between 3 and 10 years of age with allergic perennial rhinitis

The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral zinc supplementation on antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress markers during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Twenty-four patients who had undergone surgical resection of colorectal cancer participated in this placebo-controlled, prospective randomized study. The supplementation was started in the perioperative period, in which 10 patients received 70mg of zinc (zinc group, n = 10) and 14 patients received placebo (placebo group, n = 14) for 16weeks. Approximately 45days after surgical resection of tumor, all patients received a chemotherapeutic regimen (capecitabine, capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil). Vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane were determined before the first, second, third, and fourth chemotherapy cycles. Compared with the placebo group, the zinc group presented higher SOD values before the first, second, and fourth chemotherapy cycles and lower GPx values before the third cycle. There were no statistical differences between the study groups in vitamin C, vitamin E, MDA, or 8-isoprostane plasma values. Longitudinal analysis revealed decreased vitamin E concentration in the placebo group before the second and fourth cycles as compared with the initial values. Zinc supplementation during chemotherapy cycles increased SOD activity and maintained vitamin E concentrations. Although no effect of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress markers was observed, the increase in SOD activity indicates a production of stable free radicals, which may have a positive effect in cancer treatment.

Objective: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide health issue characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and is associated with significant negative health outcomes. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, and complications of this disorder. Elevated serum uric acid level is an independent predictor of vascular complications in diabetic patients, and hyperuricemia may contribute to oxidative stress. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between increased serum uric acid levels and the markers of oxidative stress, including ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant status (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in type 2 diabetic patients who don’t have vascular complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 individuals were enrolled in the study including 20 type 2 diabetic patients with high serum uric acid levels (&gt; 6.5 mg/dl), 21 type 2 diabetic patients with normal serum uric acid levels (&lt; 6.5 mg/dl), and 32 healthy individuals. Ischemia-modified albumin, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status levels were compared between patient groups and the control group Results: As a result of this study, there was no significant association between serum uric acid levels and ischemia-modified albumin, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusions: This study concluded that high serum uric acid levels do not directly affect oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients without vascular complications.