Comparative Models and Images in Mari Folk Songs

Acquisition of Russian Nominal Case Inflections by Monolingual Children: A Psycholinguistic Approach

This article describes the development of Louisville public school music from its establishment in 1844 to its suspension in 1879. Rationales for music's introduction, debates over teaching methods, and choices of music curricula are examined within the context of Louisville society. Primary sources are used, including minutes and annual reports of the Louisville school board and accounts of mid-nineteenth-century historians. Although Louisville's early school music program had unique aspects, its development for the most part paralleled that of school music programs in other American cities. School board arguments in favor of music instruction focused on music's intellectual, physical, moral, and social benefits to students. Both “rote” and “note” teaching methods were used with success. Music curricula included books and series containing folk songs, songs by the authors of the books, and adaptations of songs by European composers. The music was simple in rhythm, melody, harmony, and form, and song texts were polite and sentimental.

In social life, art considerably can help to perfect human and their society in physi- cal, spiritual and psychological side.  Based on their belief the role and function of art, like mentioned above, resulting many kinds of art which goes to manifestation of artist creativity and their society.  No exception happens in Bali, too.  There are lots of various arts which are as the hairs of an old agricultural-feudalism society that people today of  desperately reborn and developed them.  In case of one of preservation conceptions, it  is made such as classification of art; sacred art and profane.  The classification is significantly made to anticipation tourism organizer to not harmfully perform that sacred art to be sold by tourist.  Unfortunately, this classification has no cultural power to be obeyed, so till today it is consequently still be a conflict.  What is all about happens due to that tourism such as has a big power to screw up that classifications of sacred art and profane.  It will be more ridiculous when there is an art work which previously become a sacred art must be sold for the sake tourists satisfaction.  It seems that tourism activities is identical to market. Bali, actually, is merely the market.  In “small” part it goes to art market such as art performance, handy craft, painting, sculpture, and other else, then natural tourism object on the other side.  Based on the facts show that art reproduction only be done by a small society which has skill to create work of arts.  Meanwhile, the small society has no evenly big chance due to the local government indicated less atten- tion to empowering them.  Today, there are some people who has desperately kept the  maintaining the image of Balinese cultural identity by undergoing traditional and religion  ritual ceremony hugely and attractively, but it comes to unpleasantly that the lesson just to be anjoyed by as a merely profane performance. Key words: local society, tourism, empowering.

This paper presents a novel scheme of object-based video indexing and retrieval based on video abstraction and semantic event modeling. The proposed algorithm consists of three major steps; Video Object (VO) extraction, object-based video abstraction and statistical modeling of semantic features. Semantic feature modeling scheme is based on temporal variation of low-level features in object area between adjacent frames of video sequence. Each semantic feature is represented by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which characterizes the temporal nature of VO with various combinations of object features. The experimental results demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed approach.KeywordsHide Markov ModelVideo SequenceMotion VectorSemantic FeaturePerceptual FeatureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

A Puzzle for Readers of Arthur Danto’s Aesthetic Theory

According to the doctrine set out in Book X of the Republic, art is for Plato three degrees far from truth. This doctrine is based on the representative character of art: in his productions, the artist takes sensible things and not the ideas as his model, and ignores the use of the objects that the craftsman produces. In the essay The Origin of the Work of Art, Heidegger completely reverses this Platonic hierarchy. The essay seems to be an indirect response to Plato, as it discusses exactly the distinctions Plato draws, between natural object (the idea, which is “by nature”), object of use and work of art. The work of art – even when it imitates an object of use, as in the case of van Gogh’s painting of a pair of shoes – is for Heidegger the “setting-itself-to-work of truth”, because it shows the primarily ontological character of every work: its fabrication, that is, its historical being. The truth of the work of art lies in its historical character, and the work of art is the happening of truth because, more than any other object, its essence consists precisely in showing the temporal character as the essence of every object, even the natural ones.

Trajectory point classification can be described as a supervised sequence labeling problem, in which a model is trained by labeling data to predict the category of unknown points and identify key events in the trajectory. Due to the difficulty of labeling trajectory point, a large amount of trajectory data is either unlabeled or labeled in an imbalanced way. To make matters worse, traditional trajectory point classification methods are generally constrained to utilize the statistical features of the labeled data and the semantic features as well as the large amount of unlabeled data have not been well studied yet. For this reason, the performance of traditional trajectory point classification methods is far from satisfactory. To solve this problem, we transfer existing language model knowledge to construct the semantic features and construct a trajectory point classification model by combining both the motion features and semantic features. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional methods, our method has improved the accuracy of trajectory point classification by three and seven percentage points in the classification of circular and turning movements respectively.KeywordsTrajectory point classificationSequence labelingMotion features and semantic featuresLanguage model

The significance of digital twins in mechanical and plant engineering companies is becoming increasingly important in the course of Industry 4.0 as a cyber-physical system. Digital twins represent a real object in virtual space. The properties of the real object are simulated using structural and behavior models, so that the digital twin represents a spitting image of the real object in virtual space. The structural models and behavioral models are created by modeling the digital twin in different modeling and simulation domains. A common form of the digital twin in mechanical and plant engineering is a digital twin, which is based on a kinematic multibody simulation. The kinematic digital twin can be coupled with industrial controllers and is often used for the virtual commissioning of plants/machines. These digital twins usually represent the kinematic behavior of the plan/machine in an idealized way and neglect the physically determined system dynamics. By extending the digital twin by the generation of state variables of a multiphysical dynamic simulation and the use of these state variables by industrial programmable logic controller (PLCs), advantages arise in the use of the digital twin with respect to virtual commissioning, fault analysis, condition monitoring and simulative optimization of machines and plants. Thus, it is necessary to complement the kinematic digital twin by a multiphysical dynamic simulation and to connect this extended model of the digital twin to PLCs.

BOOK REVIEWS 487 Although this reviewer would have appreciated a fuller expression of the dialectical interdependency and synthetic elements holding between Fichte and Schelling than Schurr actually developed, his study is nevertheless an orderly and well-documented presentation of their fundamental views. The study can serve as a solid and professional introduction to the postKantian phase of German Idealism, and it most certainly deserves translation into English. LAWRENCES. STEPELEVICH Villanova University Die Konstitution der Jl'sthetik in Wilhelm Diltheys Philosophie. By Michael Heinen. Abhandlungen zur Philosophie, Psychologie und P~dagogik, no. 100. (Bonn: Bouvier, 1974. Pp. 220) Michael Heinen's book draws attention to Dilthey's interest in the original dimension of art experience. That interest has been the traditional stock in the trade of philosophers since the ancient Greeks, and most crucially since the subjectivization of the aesthetic sphere in the speculative thought of Kant and German idealism. But the point is that there is a gap between those philosophers who speculated about perception, aesthetic pleasure, and the enjoyment of the senses, and who tried to justify those speculations through wide-ranging inquiries into the order of the world and its understanding through our ego and its potentialities--betweenthem and Dilthey, who knows that this age-old enthusiasm for metaphysical and epistemological inquiries has become obsolete. The earlier display of erudition may be vast and awe inspiring. But in Dilthey's mind an interest in those inquiries is no longer foremost. Commendable as all of them may be, they approach the world of the work of art and its experience from the outside, in an independent, self-sufficient, and almost autonomous manner, without facing up to the horizon of the world in which an artistic work is rooted. This horizon of the world emerges as the leitmotif of Heinen's book. Heinen reminds the reader that those who create are immersed in this horizon. The conditions under which they work, the tools they have, the methods they use, the materials that are available to them, the ideas they have in mind--all this can be traced back to the world which surrounds them. Moreover, they belong to an historical world. They are oriented toward a past they remember, a future they anticipate; and all they think, or feel, or will, stands in an historical context, long before they are conscious of themselves in this respect. Heinen rightly points out that this creates a problem not only for the analysis of the artistic expression but for the field of hermeneutics, for the method of understanding this expression. It is not so much something that is understood in its meaning by referring to an ego, or a system of cognitive faculties. It emerges from the socio-historical world; and we must place it back in the same horizon from which it emerges. Heinen agrees with Dilthey that we always find ourselves within the whole of life; and when understanding something--a work of art or any other historical object--we have to do it within the full context of life to which we belong. It is an objectification of life that we have to understand from life itself. This may help to explain why a work of art is more than an object created by an artist through his inspiration and the unconscious production of his genius. From his Hegelian perspective Heinen tells us that whenever an artist is involved in the creation of something he is dependent upon the world in which he lives and upon a dialectic between himself and the horizon of life. Heinen expressly defends the probability of this dialectic in a chapter on the presuppositions of Dilthey's aesthetics (pp. 134-162). He studies Dilthey's attempt to discover a methodological basis for the human sciences. He calls attention to the remarkable sequence of sketches in which Dilthey distinguishes between Geisteswissenschaften and Naturwissenschaften, between human sciences that, in one way or another, deal with historical and other manifestations of 488 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY life and inner experience, and natural sciences that deal with phenomena, with objects of nature. Dilthey is profoundly conscious and frank in announcing that the human sciences also treat phenomena or objects. But...

This study examined the impact of variables(collaboration, convergence motive, convergence thinking) on the creativity problem solving of engineering college students. 522 students among engineering colleges in Pusan and Ulsan were sampled. For the statistical analysis, analysis of covariance structure by AMOS 18.0 was applied. Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that a hypothesized model produced a better fit to the data than a comparative structural model. The hypothesized model shows the following results. On the basis of the hypothesized model, collaboration effected to directly convergence motive and creative problem solving, and convergence motive effected to directly convergence thinking, convergence motive effected to directly creative problem solving, convergence thinking effected to directly creative problem solving, and collaboration effected to indirectly convergence thinking by convergence motive. Therefore this study suggested the collaboration, convergence motive and convergence thinking are significantly variables to facilitate the creative problem solving for knowledge fusion in engineering.Key words : Knowledge fusion, Collaboration, Convergence motive, Convergence thinking, Creativity problem solvingCorresponding author : 051-320-1866, psm1994@dongseo.ac.kr 2013 ( )(NRF-2013s1A5A2A01018306).

This study examined the effect of fun on learning flow of university students. The research questions were formulated as follows. First, will the related variables partially mediate the effect of fun on flow in learning? Second, will the related variables completely mediate the effect of fun on flow in learning? 402 students among university in Pusan were sampled. For the statistical analysis, analysis of covariance structure by AMOS 28.0 was applied. The results of the study were as follows. The structural equation modeling analyses indicated that a hypothesized model produced a better fit to the data than a comparative structural model. The hypothesized model shows the following results. On the basis of the hypothesized model, fun effected to directly cognitive flow and behavior flow, and fun effected to indirectly affective flow by cognitive flow, and fun effected to indirectly behavior flow by cognitive flow and affective flow. Also affective flow effected to directly behavior flow. Therefore this study suggested the fun and flow in learning are significantly variables to facilitate the learning.

Given the decomposition of a situation or state of affairs into a predicate and one or more arguments, there is surprisingly little cross-linguistic variation as to which argument is assigned to subject position of the simple active voice form of the predicate.2 The vast majority of predicates assign the same argument to subject position in all languages, whether ‘subject’ is manifested as nominative or ergative (transitive subject) case, by word order, or by verb agreement. This is true despite the fact that in terms of thematic role, the arguments assigned to subject position are quite a varied lot. This poses a challenge to any semantically-based theory of subject assignment that attempts to avoid simple stipulation of which argument is assigned to subject position. This paper will illustrate a semantic model of verb meaning that answers this challenge, by examining cross-linguistically the assignment to subject position of a class of predicates that do vary in subject assignment across languages, mental verbs.

This paper presents a description of the structural, semantic and stylistic features of transformed paro-emias. As an object of research, the anti-proverbs of the thematic field “human economic activity” were selected, extracted by a continuous sampling method from the materials of humorous sites, children’s portals, and educational sites. In interpreting the material, along with the descriptive method, the method of structural and semantic modeling (reconstruction of the basic composition of the paroemia), elements of the contextual analysis method are used. In the course of the research, the main types of transformation of traditional proverbs and sayings are revealed: replacement of one structural component; replacement of two structural components; replacement of thematically paired structural components; addition of a structural component. Structural formulas that are actively functioning in the formation of new paroemias are considered: As [....], so is [...]; Small [....], but [...]; There is no more [....] than [...]; No [....] - consider [...]; Without [something] [something], don’t start; If you love [...], love [...]; Not the [....] who [...], but the one who [...]. The presence of semantic modifications that change the semantic content of anti-prophets by using such key lexemes as «rubles», «dollars», «thousands», «money», «business», «customer», «advertising» has been established. The features of the mechanism of reflecting the worldview of a modern native speaker in anti-proverbs are described. The most significant spheres of economic life of modern society, among which business, marketing and management occupy a special place, are highlighted. The relevance of the undertaken research is due to the need to study paroemic transformations as markers of the national cultural code of the Russian ethnos. The specifics of use, the roles and functions of these units allow us to talk about the continuation of the traditions of folk art in the context of the modern information environment. In this aspect, media discourse serves as the main translator of new paroemic expressions.

Maternal and children’s folklore is considered as one of the unique phenomena of Russian folk culture. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the genres of oral folk art not only lay the foundations for the transmission of spiritual traditions to subsequent generations, but also contribute to the formation of a child’s national identity. The definitions of “creative abilities” as a concept are given in relation to the primary school age, since at this stage in the child’s personality a number of properties that characterize him as a creator are manifested. It is proved that the use of examples from lullabies or legends, fairy tales, proverbs and riddles broadens the horizons of children, create patriotic feelings, awakens interest in History, Literature and develops speech. The former allows developing the creative abilities of primary schoolchildren. The author dwells on the psychological, pedagogical and methodological conditions necessary for the development of creative abilities. In particular, with the help of works of oral folk art included in the process of teaching and upbringing, it is possible to develop children’s creative abilities. Keywords: creativity, primary school age, education, upbringing, oral folk art, children’s folklore, maternal folklore.

One of the most dynamically developing applications of industrial electronics is active representation of product information in cyber-physical systems for high level engineering problem solving. Recently, modeling in industrial product lifecycle management (PLM) systems was extended to higher abstraction as the conventional physical level. Long way on development of integrated, active knowledge driven, and intelligent computing based engineering problem solving reached application of high level multidisciplinary model and integration of this model with physical world objects. Systems engineering (SE) based model represents systems which drive a product and serves engineering activities for product lifecycle. For this purpose, four leveled RFLP model structure serves representation of requirements against product (R), function structure to fulfill the requirements (F), logical structure of product (L), and feature driven structure of physical product objects (P). In the meantime, represented active knowledge is being integrated gradually into organized intellectual property (IP) of company. Laboratory of Intelligent Engineering Systems (LIES) of Obuda University recognized the above development and initiated research in active IP driven and high abstraction based modeling of complex industrial products. In the scope of this work, the initiative (I), behavior (B), context (C), and action (A) structure was proposed as representation of driving knowledge content (DKC) for application at generation of elements and features in RFLP structured product model. In this paper, elements and connections of system based product model is outlined. Next, the IBCA structure is introduced using levels of abstraction and connections of its elements. Following this, the question is attempted to answer that how DKC can effectively contribute to IP. Finally, implementation issues are discussed.