Comparing Approaches to Generic Programming in Haskell

XML programming involves idioms for expressing 'structure shyness' such as the descendant axis of XPath or the default templates of XSLT. We initiate a discussion of the relationships between such XML idioms and generic functional programming, while focusing on the (Haskell-based) 'Scrap your boilerplate' style of generic programming (SYB). This work gives insight into mechanisms for traversal and selection. We compare SYB and XSLT. We approximate XPath in SYB. We make a case for SYB's programmability, when compared to XPath's fixed combinators. We allude to strengthened type checking for SYB traversals so as to reject certain, trivial behaviors.

Programmable Rewriting Strategies in Haskell: — White Paper —

Programming errors in traversal programs over structured data

Today, digital advancements in business challenge SMEs to reach and engage with their target audiences through advertising. Traditional advertising strategies require modification, as consumer behaviors are changing. Therefore, they view ads differently on various platforms. Nevertheless, Artificial intelligence gained wide opportunities in various industries, and marketing is no exception. The research aimed to explore Artificial Intelligence’s role in modifying SMEs’ advertising campaigns and strategies. The author used quantitative research. A survey study was developed based on a systematic literature review. The questionnaire was distributed using snowball and conventional sampling methods to a diverse sample of SMEs across social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, and X. The author used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework. According to the TAM model, users’ acceptance and adoption of technology are influenced by perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Perceived usefulness would compare to SMEs’ beliefs about the effectiveness and benefits of AI in improving advertising methods. Perceived ease of use would correlate to SMEs’ perceptions of the ease with which practitioners can combine and use AI tools within their existing advertising campaigns. The research findings underline empirical evidence of the significance of Artificial intelligence in advertising strategies for SMEs. These research insights offer SMEs actionable recommendations for effectively using AI to enhance their advertising strategies, gain a competitive advantage, and gain sustainable growth in the digital landscape.

У роботі проаналізована структура та продуктивність систем управління контентом. За останні три десятиліття сайти перетворилися зі звичайного способу передачі гіпертексту на багатокомпонентне програмне забезпечення, що обслуговує тисячі користувачів одночасно та дає можливість на одній платформі існувати різним за типом ВЕБ ресурсам. Для зручного маніпулювання даними у такому випадку використовують системи управління контентом (CMS). Чотири найпопулярніші у багатьох країнах СMS: WordPress, OpenCart, Joomla, Drupal порівнюються у статті за допомогою 10 ключових ознак: платформа; технологія; системи управління базами даних, використаних в проектуванні; розробник; швидкість оброблення запитів; вартість; надійність; цільова аудиторія; зручність користування; наявність перекладу адміністративної панелі українською мовою. Як показало дослідження повністю універсальних системи управління контентом не існує. Кожне наявне програмне забезпечення для створення веб-ресурсу розроблене під вирішення конкретного спектру задач. Методика побудови CMS базується на класичних методах розробки Web-сайтів, а саме це гібрид ручної розробки HTML, програмних засобів розробки сайтів, інструментальних систем, фреймворків. Безкоштовні СМS мають відкритий вихідний код. Безкоштовні стеми, що з’явилися на ринку більше 10 років назад, не уступають платним, більш новітнім, варіантам за рівнем захищеності та об’ємом функціонального наповнення. Такий стан проблеми обумовлюється тим, що розробкою плагінів і доповнень можуть займатися не тільки розробники системи, а і сторонні розробники. Структура системи управління контентом базується на використанні модульного принципу. Завдяки цьому система управління контентом стає гнучкою, простою для взаємодії, як для користувача, так і для розробника, та надає можливість розширювати спектр дій одного модуля за допомогою встановлення іншого. 
\nWordPress це CMS, яка має більш витончену архітектуру, що відображається на продуктивності, інтуїтивно зрозумілій адміністративній панелі й, нарешті, має більше переваг перед аналогами.

There are high expectations for mobile phone marketing and mobile advertising. In various European markets, such as the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, mobile marketing campaigns have registered response rates of up to 47% among their target audience. The main aim of this paper is to validate a cognitive-affective model of acceptance of mobile phone advertising that integrates the utilitarian perspective through the technology acceptance model, the affective dimension through emotions, and the moderating role of the normative reference group (NRG). This model was tested with structural equation modelling in a sample of 612 individuals (R 2 of 82.4%). To analyse the moderating effect of the NRG, a sequential cluster analysis was applied, generating two groups of users: independent and in fl uenced. A multi-sample analysis was then performed. The results showed the advisability of considering attitudes towards mobile advertising to be a variable shaped by conceptually complementary cognitive (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and affective dimensions (positive emotions and negative emotions). Positive emotions had the strongest effect on the formation of this attitude. Negative emotions and cognitive dimensions had a few effect for the acceptance of mobile advertising. With regard to the moderating role of the NRG, among independent users, positive emotions affected the attitude more intensely and a stronger positive relationship was found between this attitude and the intention to receive advertising. No differences were found between independent users and users in fl uenced by their NRGs with regard to the formation of attitudes due to ease of use, perceived usefulness or negative emotions. The paper thus p rovides a comprehensive analysis of the acceptance of mobile advertising that integrates both cognitive-affective views and the moderating role of the NRG with implications for management.

This study investigates the relationship between platform features, customer engagement, satisfaction, purchase and repurchase intentions, and customer types in omnichannel retail. A survey of 250 participants utilized an online questionnaire, analyzed with statistical methods. Results show that platform convenience and advanced features drive satisfaction, purchase, and repurchase intentions. Impact on customer engagement varies by customer type. Ease of use indirectly affects satisfaction, purchase, and repurchase via engagement and customer type. The research underscores considering customer type when assessing ease of use and design impact on outcomes. It reveals intricate relationships, surpassing prior research by illustrating how platform features affect diverse customer engagement. Ease of use indirectly influences loyalty via engagement and customer type. This underscores a multifaceted loyalty formation. Businesses must factor engagement and customer type in platform refinement for target audience needs. Study underscores understanding platform features, engagement, and loyalty interplay for enhanced customer experiences and business success. It establishes a foundation for future research and practical omnichannel retail improvements.

In most organizations, Business Information Systems (BIS) make extensive use of information technology, such as personal computers. The study identified the ASIST cottage rental policies and procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees as a basis in developing the ASIST-CREBACS and evaluated the usability of the developed system in terms of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. The study used the descriptive-applied type of research applying the Extreme Programming (XP) model. The researcher used Visual Basic 2008 which supports the Microsoft with NET framework as the programming language and My Standard Query Language (MySQL) as the relational database. Total enumeration of eight staff in the Cashiering and Accounting Offices including the cashier, the accountant, three collecting officers, and three billing clerks evaluated the usability of the developed system. The study used documentary analysis, interview, and the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use (USE) questionnaire as data gathering instruments. The cottage rental policies are based on ASIST Implementing Order No. 023, Series of 2009 and the procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees are done semi- manually. Â As a result, the ASIST-CREBACS was conceived and developed. The ASIST-CREBACS was designed to fit the cottage rental policies and procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees because it was found to be usable.

Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI) are poised to transform education, but doubts persist about their effectiveness in enhancing the learning experience. Previous studies were more “technology-driven” rather than “learner-driven” and largely neglected how different configurations (specific combinations of variables) affect generative AI-assisted learning experience. Based on the means-end chain theory, the research identifies functional and psychological factors that influence programming learning experiences with generative AI tools, including tool ease of use, interactivity, quality of the result, knowledge level, and self-efficacy. Through an analysis of the survey results of 221 university students and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the findings reveal two types of generative AI-assisted programming learning enhancement patterns: (1) the dual-driven pattern, which combines functional and psychological consequences; (2) the psychological consequence-dominated pattern. In addition, although the five factors cannot alone constitute the necessary conditions for a learning experience, tool ease of use, interactivity, and knowledge level play an indispensable role in improving the generative AI-assisted learning experience. The findings offer valuable insights for programming educators, deepening their understanding of how generative AI tools influence students’ programming learning experiences and informing the development of more effective strategies for integrating them into computer science education.

This book covers technologies, applications, tools, languages, procedures, advantages, and disadvantages of reconfigurable supercomputing using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The target audience is the community of users of High Performance Computers (HPC) who may benefit from porting their applications into a reconfigurable environment. As such, this book is intended to guide the HPC user through the many algorithmic considerations, hardware alternatives, usability issues, programming languages, and design tools that need to be understood before embarking on the creation of reconfigurable parallel codes. We hope to show that FPGA acceleration, based on the exploitation of the data parallelism, pipelining and concurrency remains promising in view of the diminishing improvements in traditional processor and system design. Table of Contents: FPGA Technology / Reconfigurable Supercomputing / Algorithmic Considerations / FPGA Programming Languages / Case Study: Sorting / Alternative Technologies and Concluding Remarks

Nowadays, when algorithms are combined with programming languages, great technological works are emerging. Examples of these works continue to differentiate and increase in military and police systems, agricultural applications, image processing applications, data engineering field, language processing works, and cyber security applications. With the differentiation of the areas of use of algorithms, the programming languages used on these platforms are also changing. Python is an object-oriented and functional modern programming language. It is ideal for beginners due to its readability and ease of use. C# is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language that combines the high productivity of application development languages with the raw power of C and C++. The Java programming language, on the other hand, shares many features that are common to most programming languages used today. Since it is designed with the structures of C and C++, where their languages are similar, the language is familiar to C and C++ programmers (Lerdorf, 2002; Hejlsberg, 2003; Arnold, 2005; Deitel, 2004; Kelly, 2016; Gavrilović, 2018; Pala, 2019; Chollet, 2021; Chen, 2023).

CAPTCHA is an acronym of Completely Automated Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart which is also referred to as HIP (Human Interaction Proof). It is a computer program that generates challenges or tests that only humans can solve and the machines or automated software cannot solve. CAPTCHAs are used in various Web Applications to restrict bots from doing unwanted activities in areas of protected content and unwanted submissions of web forms. In this paper a Model for Multilingual CAPTCHA challenges which can be more accessible and easy to use for non-English users is proposed. Rendering CAPTCHA tests in regional languages can improve usability and accessibility for non-native speakers of English language. The suggested model can be implemented in all major web programming languages such as PHP, .NET, J2EE, Perl, Ruby etc. I. INTRODUCTION The websites and web applications using CAPTCHA may be usually targeted for a large audience nationally or globally and not limited to a particular location or city. The websites and web applications are therefore used by people with knowledge of different languages and scripts including but not limited to English. Modern websites and web applications and designed in a way that the users can use them in their own languages. In India, there are 22 officially recognized languages and 12 different scripts. Majority of people in India have knowledge of and use their regional languages are not well versed in English. More and more websites and web applications for India are providing content and user interface in the regional languages of India. Many of these websites and web applications contain resources and areas protected by CAPTCHAs. The Government of India has also issued several guidelines for using Hindi and other regional languages in the websites of Government Departments. More and more Govt. Departmental websites are providing content in regional languages. The CAPTCHAs used in these Websites and web applications are English only even if the users choose to use them in a non-English regional language. This leads to very poor accessibility and usability of these websites.

The software development process involves the development, coding and running of programs in a chosen programming language. There are thousands of programming languages in existence and selecting a suitable one is never an easy task. Over the years, several attempts have been made to evaluate programming languages vis-à-vis software measurement. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of seven programming languages; QBasic, C, FORTRAN, C++, Pascal, Visual Basic and Visual C++. A common Bubble sort algorithm was implemented in each of the seven languages and the following parameters were used in our evaluation; program length, run time, memory consumption, program reliability, work time and productivity, program structure, ease of use and development costs. Our Study showed that Visual Basic and Visual C++ programs appeared to be faster and more reliable but, are always longer, consume more memory and utilize larger costs to develop than QBasic, FORTRAN, C, Pascal, and C++. However, QBasic, FORTRAN, C, Pascal, and C++ languages were found to be less complex and took fewer costs to develop than the visual language programs. The Information Technologist Vol. 3(1) 2006: 63-75

A dynamic language promotes ease of use through flexible typing, a focus on high-level programming, and by streamlining the edit-compile-debug cycle. Live languages go beyond dynamic languages with more ease of use features. A live language supports live programming that provides programmers with responsive and continuous feedback about how their edits affect program execution. A live language is also based on high-level constructs such as declarative rules so that programmers can write less code. A live language could also provide programmers with responsive semantic feedback to enable time-saving services such as code completion. This paper describes the design of a textual live language that is based on reactive data-flow values known as signals and dynamic inheritance. Our language, SuperGlue, supports live programming with responsive semantic feedback, which we demonstrate with a working prototype.

Datatype-generic programming is defining functions that depend on the structure, or shape, of datatypes. It has been around for more than 10 years, and a lot of progress has been made, in particular in the lazy functional programming language Haskell. There are morethan 10 proposals for generic programming libraries orlanguage extensions for Haskell. To compare and characterise the many generic programming libraries in atyped functional language, we introduce a set of criteria and develop a generic programming benchmark: a set of characteristic examples testing various facets of datatype-generic programming. We have implemented the benchmark for nine existing Haskell generic programming libraries and present the evaluation of the libraries. The comparison is useful for reaching a common standard for generic programming, but also for a programmer who has to choose a particular approach for datatype-generic programming.