Comparison of Two Learning Models on Students' Process Skills in Elementary School

This research is motivated by students' low science process skills in science subjects, which is caused by conventional teaching methods focusing on memorization, limited variations in learning models and minimal student involvement. This study aims to analyze the effect of the multiple representation learning model on improving science process skills in elementary school students. The method used in this research is the quantitative research method of experimental research type, using a nonquivalent control group design. The population used in this study were all fifth-grade elementary school students. The technique used in taking research samples is the Purposive Sampling technique. The sample in this study comprised students from the VA and VB classes, totalling 54. Data collection methods using test techniques and documentation. The instrument used in collecting data is a test question sheet. The data analysis technique used inferential statistical analysis. The results showed significant differences in science process skills between experimental and control classes and real disparities in improving skills that support the representation of multiple-representation learning models. So, the multiple representation learning model can improve science process skills in elementary school students. This research is expected to help improve the quality of science teaching and students' science skills in elementary schools.

This study aims (1) to determine whether the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on the students' science process skills, (2) to find out whether the PBL learning model affects the students' science process skills, (3) to find out the differences in the students' science process skills. VII SMPN 5 Dusun Selatan which uses the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model. The method in this research is comparative quantitative. The research design used was the Nondomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The instrument used was a test in the form of multiple choice questions totaling 25 questions and an observation sheet for students' science process skills. The research sample was students of class VII A and class VII B at SMPN 5 Dusun Selatan. The data collection technique was carried out using the observation method of students' science process skills and learning outcomes tests. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that (1) the value of the science process skills of students using the guided inquiry learning model has an average value of 92%, (2) the value of the science process skills of students using the PBL learning model has an average value of 96 %, (3) the difference in the science process skills of students who are taught using the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model, it can be seen from the results of the average value obtained that there are differences, where the PBL learning model has a higher average value than the learning model. guided inquiry. The learning outcomes of the guided inquiry class had an average score of 39 on the pretest and 68 on the posttest. Meanwhile, the average value of the pretest in the PBL class was 40.4 and the posttest score was 69.3. These results indicate that the guided inquiry learning model and the PBL learning model can improve students' learning outcomes and science process skills.

Learning in elementary schools that has not been optimal in involving students actively will have a negative impact on science process skills and learning outcomes. Students will be actively involved in learning if the applied learning model involves students to experience the learning process as a whole. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles.. Retrieval of data using the observation sheet and learning outcome test questions. The results obtained indicate that the learning process with Quantum Learning can improve the science process skills of students. Increasing science process skills on average obtains very good criteria. The improved science process skills include; 1) Formulating Problems, 2) Formulating hypotheses, 3) Observing, 4) Collecting data, 5) concluding, 6) Communicating. Furthermore, the learning outcomes obtained by students using the Quantum Learning model can increase learning outcomes from cycle I by 73.68%, increasing to 89.47% in Cycle II. So the Quantum Learning learning model can improve the process skills and learning outcomes of students in grade V Elementary School.

This research was motivated by the problem of students’ learning outcomes at SDI Wae Ciu becaused of the use of conventional learning models. The purpose of the study was to describe the comparison of student learning outcomes through the use of the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model, and also to describe whether using the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model could improve student learning outcomes. This type of research was quantitative research with experimental methods. Experimental research was causal (causation) where its evidence was obtained through comparisons between the experimental group (which was treated) through the use of the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model, and the control group (which was not treated). Data collection techniques was the test to collect data on student learning outcomes. The data analysis technique used was the t-test, after testing the normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model had a positive influence on student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the Paired Samples T-Test analysis, the posttest results obtained in the experimental class and control class were known that the t-count is 0.05 with a significance of 0.000. The significance value (2-tailed) which showed 0.000 > 0.05, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model also determined the accuracy of the expected goals, learning would be effective, efficient and the expected learning outcomes would be achieved. Based on the research that has been done, there was a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes by using the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model.

The collaborative creativity learning (CCL) model is a collaborative-based scientific creativity learning to improve scientific creativity, science process skills, and collaborative skills of the junior high school students. The purpose of this research is to improve science process skills of junior high school in physics learning through the implementation of CCL model. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design toward 144 students of State Junior High School 2 Jember and State Junior High School 3 Jember (Jember, Indonesia) academic year 2017/2018. The student’s science process skills were measured by using Science Process Skills Instrument (SPSI) with indicators of formulating problems, formulating the hypothesis, identifying variables, formulating the operational definition of variables, designing the data table, carrying out the experiment, analysing the data, formulating the conclusions. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon test, n-gain, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results show that: (1) The average post-test score was in the medium category, (2) There is improvement of student’s science process skills at α = 5%, (3) N-gain average score of student’s science process skills was in medium category, and (4) There is no difference (consistent) n-gain on student’s science process skills in all groups. Therefore the CCL model has proven to be effective to improve the science process skills of junior high school in physics learning. The implication of this research is that CCL model can be used as a solution to improve science process skills of junior high school in physics learning.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the practicum-based Contextual Teaching and Learning model on science process skills and student learning outcomes in grade X social science on Fungi material at State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Situbondo, Indonesia.The sampling technique is purposive sampling, where two classes have an initial entry test score with an average of almost the same, namely class X Social Science 1 (experimental class) and class X Social Science 3 (control class).The data collection technique used were observation, test, and documentation, while the data collection instruments were observation sheets, test instruments, and documentation instruments.To analyze the data, an Independent Sample T-Test was used with prerequisite tests including the normality test and homogeneity test.The results showed that there was a significant effect of the practicum-based Contextual Teaching and Learning model on science process skills and student learning outcomes on Fungi materials in class X social science at State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Situbondo, Indonesia.It can be concluded that the collaboration between the practicum-based Contextual Teaching and Learning model can be applied in biology learning to empower students' science process skills and improve student learning outcomes on Fungi material.

The purpose of this research has described difference: (1) skill of student science process between inquiry training assist media of handout and direct instruction, (2) skill of student science process between student possess attitude scientific upon and under of mean, and (3) interaction of inquiry training assist media handout and direct instruction with attitude scientific increase skill of student science process. Type of this research is experiment quasi, use student of senior high school Private sector of Prayatna as population and chosen sample by cluster sampling random. The instrument used essay test base on skill of science process which have valid and reliable. Data be analysed by using ANAVA two ways. Result of research show that any difference of skill of student science process (1) between inquiry training assist media of handout and direct instruction, where inquiry training assist media of handout better then direct instruction, (2) between student possess attitude scientific upon and under of mean, where possess attitude scientific upon of mean better then student possess attitude scientific under of mean and (3) any interaction between inquiry training assist media of handout and direct instruction with attitude scientific increase skill of student science process, where interaction in class direct instruction better then inquiry training assist media of handout.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the Problem Solving learning model to the creative thinking abilities of grade VII students at one of the SMPN in Padang in 2019/2020. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study using the Randomized Control Group Posttest Only Design. This study's population was all students of class VII at one of the SMPN in Padang in 2019/2020; there were six classes. The research sample is class VII 3 (experimental class) and class VII 5 (control class). Sampling uses a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was an observation sheet of students' creative thinking abilities and a posttest creative thinking sheet. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the students' creative thinking ability in the experimental class is higher than the control class with the average value of the experimental class creative thinking test (52.45) and the control class (39.39). Data analysis using t-test showed that t count (3.66)> t table (1.67). So the conclusion is the Problem Solving learning model has a positive effect on the creative thinking ability of grade VII students at one of the SMPN in Padang.

Background: Science Process Skills (KPS) are crucial in preparing students to meet the challenges of the 4.0 industrial era, emphasizing critical thinking and scientific reasoning from an early age. However, conventional teaching methods without adequate media assistance often result in passive learning environments. Innovative teaching models supported by appropriate media are essential to enhance students' scientific competencies. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Visualization, Auditory, Kinesthetic (VAK) learning model assisted by video media and Prezi software on improving the science process skills of fifth-grade students at MIM PK Kartasura. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group was used. The sample consisted of 55 fifth-grade students, divided into two experimental groups: one group was treated with Prezi software, and the other with video media. Data were collected through tests validated for content and construct validity and analyzed using prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity) followed by hypothesis testing with paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests. Results: The findings revealed significant improvements in students’ science process skills in both groups after the interventions. However, the video media group showed a higher increase in average scores compared to the Prezi software group. Statistical analysis indicated that video media was more effective than Prezi software in enhancing students' science process skills. Conclusion: The VAK learning model assisted by video media proved to be more effective in developing the science process skills of elementary students compared to the use of Prezi software. The results suggest that integrating video media into science instruction can significantly enhance critical learning competencies, serving as a valuable reference for educators in designing engaging and effective learning environments.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of guided inquiry learning model to the skills of the students’ science process because in the implementation of the Science Process Skills of the less developed students in class XI MIPA Senior High School.The research data was obtained by giving scientific knowledge test in the form of posttest and non test in the form of observation skill of students science process during the practicum activity (as main data) and interview with teacher of biology study (as supporting data). After all activities carried out, the data were analyzed quantitatively by hypothesis test. Based on the data analysis there is influence of guided inquiry learning model to the science process skill and students’ scientific knowledge. It can be seen that the average score of the students’ Science Process Skills in the experimental class is 70.34% and the control class is 63.30%. From hypothesis test thit = 7,536 and ttable value = 1,664, this means thit>ttable so hypothesis accepted. Average scientific knowledge of experimental class students 64,78 and control class 55,23. From hypothesis test for thit = 3.075 and ttable value = 1.664, this means thit>ttable so hypothesis accepted. From the results of this study can be concluded that the application of guided inquiry model influences the students scientific process skills and students scientific knowledge on the material of human excretion system of class XI MIPA Senior High School 8 Jambi City. The skills of students scientific processes and scientific knowledge can be well channeled with the help of guided inquiry learning models that involve active students during the learning activities. From the results of this study suggested that teachers can apply guided inquiry learning model in learning activities, especially practical activities that make students become enthusiastic in learning. This model makes students like a scientist so that raises the spirit in students to perform the whole procedure of practice to be implemented.

This study investigates the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Learning Model, which emphasizes teamwork and individual accountability. Traditional teaching methods often fail to actively engage students in developing analytical and practical skills. The STAD model aims to enhance students' process skills and learning outcomes in science education. The research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon with seventh-grade students from four classes. Two classes were randomly selected, with class VIIa as the experimental group (30 students) and another class as the control group (30 students). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis (MANOVA) with SPSS version 26.0. A quantitative experimental approach was employed, using a Pre-test, Post-test, and Non-equivalent Control Group design. Data collection focused on science process skills and learning outcomes. The results demonstrated a significant impact of the STAD model on improving learning outcomes and science process skills. There was a notable increase in average scores from pre-test to post-test in both experimental and control groups. MANOVA results (Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root) showed very high F-values, indicating significant differences between the groups in enhancing students' science process skills and learning achievements. The STAD model proved more effective than traditional methods, suggesting its integration into a collaboration-based curriculum. Effective implementation requires STAD-based teacher training, including team formation techniques, motivational strategies, and methods for assessing team performance. Adopting these recommendations can significantly boost student participation, teamwork skills, and overall learning outcomes.

This research aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry learning models on science process skills and higher order thinking skills on the theme of heat and its displacement in grade V SD Negeri 104260 Melati. The research instrument included observation of science process skills and tests of higher order thinking skills. This study uses the analysis of the Independent Sample Test (t test).The average value of science process skills in the guided inquiry class was 81.62 and the direct instruction learning model class was 79.02. A significant influence on students' science process skills in the learning process on the theme of heat and its displacement, with a score of tcount (2.384)> ttable (2.004) for n = 56, α = 0.05 and sig. 2 tailed (0.021) <α = 0.05, so that H₀rejected. then Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. The average value of high-order thinking skills in the guided inquiry class is 75.57 and in the class of direct instruction learning model. A total of 67.43. The results of the analysis of high-order thinking skills have tcount (3.597)> ttable (2.004) for n = 56, α = 0.05 and sig. 2 tailed (0.001) <α = 0.05, so that H₀rejected and Ha accepted. Guided inquiry learning model affects science process skills and high-order thinking skills of students on the theme of heat and its displacement in grade V SD Negeri 104260 Melati.

The discovery of new knowledge is inseparable from the process of determining whether that applies science process skills (SPS). Science process skills are essential for students to develop science. This study aimed to determine the effect of the GIReSiMCo (Guided Inquiry, Reading, Sharing, Mind Mapping, and Communication) learning model as a new guided inquiry on students’ SPS and cognitive learning outcomes. A quasi-experimental research design was applied in biology classrooms at seven senior high schools for one semester. One hundred and twenty-six eleventh-grade students who were interested in mathematics and natural sciences were selected as the research sample. In this study, the application of the GIReSiMCo learning model was compared to that of a guided inquiry model, the Reading Mind Mapping Sharing (RMS) model, and traditional learning models. The two dependent variables are science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes. The data collection instrument for the two variables is in the form of an essay test. The reliability of the instrument test was 0.75 for cognitive learning outcomes, and 0.68 for SPS. The dependent variable data were analyzed using the ANCOVA test. The result showed that the GIReSiMCo learning model had a higher impact on students’ cognitive performance and SPS, compared to the traditional learning models. In short, the GIReSiMCo learning model can enhance students’ SPS and cognitive learning outcomes. The GIReSiMCo as a student-centered learning model is recommended in Biology learning.

This research aims to develop a Guided Inquiry Learning Model Based on Educational Games, presented in a book format and supported by educational games accessible via Canva and Wordwall platforms. The model is designed to be valid, practical, and effective in enhancing elementary school students' science process skills. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, adapting the Plomp model's development stages: initial investigation, design, realization, testing, evaluation, revision, and implementation. The subjects are fifth-grade students from UPT SD Negeri 214, UPT SD Negeri 99, and UPT SD Negeri 101 in Pinrang Regency. Research instruments include validation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, and evaluation sheets. The study produces an Inquiry-Based Educational Game (IGE) textbook and learning tools, such as lesson plans (RPP), student worksheets (LKPD), and educational games. The findings reveal a strong need among teachers and students for a learning model that enhances science process skills. The developed IGE model comprises syntax, social system, reaction principles, support system, instructional impact, and accompanying impact. The syntax includes Activation, Playing, Exploring, and Wrap-Up phases. The IGE model meets the criteria for validity and practicality, receiving high validation ratings. The model effectively enhances students' science process skills, as shown by significant improvements in student performance. The IGE model and its learning tools are deemed highly practical, based on feedback from students and teachers.

The purpose of research to analyse: the science process skills that are taught in a model of scientific inquiry using the media PhET better than students taught by learning direct instruction, science process skills of physics students who has the critical thinking skills using a model of scientific inquiry than average -rata better than students who have critical thinking skills using a direct model of instruction above average, the interaction of scientific inquiry learning model using PhET media with critical thinking skills of students in improving students' science process skills. This research is quasi experimental. Technique that used to gain a sample is random cluster sampling. The instrument used is the science process skills test and test critical thinking skills. The results of this study concluded that: the science process skills of students who are taught by the model of scientific inquiry using the media PhET better than students taught by learning direct instruction, science process skills of physics students who have the critical thinking skills using a model of scientific inquiry over average better than students who have critical thinking skills using a direct model of instruction above average, there is interaction scientific inquiry model using the media PhET with critical thinking skills of students in improving students' science process skills.