Compatible coding of digital interlaced HDTV

The transmission of HDTV (high-definition television) signals on available digital networks and satellites requires the adoption of sophisticated compression techniques to limit the bit-rate requirements and to provide a high-quality and reliable service. A hybrid predictive/transform system has been devised and implemented. The main parameters of this system are in accordance with those being recommended by CMTT for the transmission of conventional component TV. The basic algorithms, the codec architecture, the developed VLSI, and the equipment are described. The codec is designed to operate with the currently envisaged TV and HDTV formats and with a wide range of transmission rates. The optimization of the system and the evaluation of its performance have been carried out on the basis of a large number of subjective tests in accordance with the user requirements specified by the standardization bodies. The codecs have been extensively tested on-field during experimental point-to-multipoint satellite transmission of HDTV signals. >

A compatible coding system for 1125-line, 60-Hz HDTV and 525-line, 60-Hz standard TV is presented. This system allows an HDTV signal to be transmitted at about 140 Mb/s. From the coded HDTV signal, a standard TV signal as well as the HDTV signal can be easily decoded. The coding algorithm uses adaptive intrafield/interframe discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding in which only low-frequency components of the coded DCT coefficients are used for the reconstruction of the standard TV, while all frequency components are used for HDTV. The configuration of a compatible codec is based on this scheme. The architecture uses parallel DCT coding to realize signal processing at very high sampling rates. Computer simulation results show good picture quality for both decoded HDTV and standard TV. >

Two high-definition television (HDTV) communication systems created for broadband communication networks are discussed. Nationwide HDTV transmission and distribution services and HDTV subscriber distribution services are examined. A network architecture for high-quality HDTV transmission is described. The transmission bit rates of HDTV services, which are the basic factors in constructing the network frame, are considered. Two HDTV coding algorithms, subband discrete cosine transform (DCT) and subband differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) are described, and their coding bit rates discussed. A synchronous-digital-hierarchy-based synchronous transfer mode network design suitable for the transmission of HDTV signals in broadband communication networks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

This paper addresses the issue of HDTV and its applicability to the integrated services digital networks (ISDN). Ever since cable TV was introduced, the idea of interactive TV programming on the computer terminal for the consumer was the goal of the communication industry. Present analog TV transmission did not serve the purpose because it was incompatible with the digital signal. Bandwidth limitations of cable TV was also a problem and the resolution of the NTSC analog TV signal is lower than that of the present computer graphics. The HDTV development, being entirely digital, addresses all the above issues.

A copy protection (CP) system is proposed for transmission of high-definition (HD) baseband video signals among consumer electronic (CE) products in the home. An encryption technique adds fluctuating pseudo-random amplitude-offsets to the components of the video signal to be protected, thereby disrupting the entertainment value of intercepted signals. The decryption technique subtracts equivalent offsets regenerated by legitimate receiving devices, thereby restoring the signal. The value of each offset remains constant for the duration of each horizontal scan line so that simple analog voltage summing/differencing circuits can be used for encryption/decryption of analog video signals. The same simple encryption/decryption algorithms can be used for digital implementations to protect digital transmission. Arguments are presented regarding why a CP system for baseband HD video is needed to ensure forward compatible access to premium content by emerging categories of HD-capable CE products. Prototype hardware implementing the analog encryption/decryption techniques has been successfully demonstrated.

This paper studies the feasibility of using high-definition television signals for on-orbit satellite navigation. Satellite orbits studied include low, circular orbits of a wide range of altitude and inclination; Molniya orbits, and orbits at the moon. Coverage analyses demonstrate that the high-definition television signals are prevalent: more so if one can receive several types of these signals. High-fidelity signal link budgets demonstrate in this study that high-definition television signals may be received in a variety of orbital environments.

This paper describes a real-time transmission & switching system design for high vision (high definition video) signal. The system uses ten CWDM wavelengths simultaneously to transmit two pairs of HDMI video signals over a distance of 10 km. It canalso switch to stations at up to 16 different sites. A 4 CWDM wavelength test bed operation has confirmed that the system works. The system has the advantage of the shortest possible time delay for High Vision signal transmission at a reasonable cost.

FM-FDM (frequency division multiplexing) optical transmission equipment has been developed for 34-channel MUSE HDTV (high-definition television) signals to realize optical CATV (cable television) systems. The equipment uses an LD (laser diode) with a 1.3 mu m wavelength, a single-mode optical fiber, and an avalanche photodiode (APD). A good picture is received after a 42 km transmission. A part of the multiplexed signals is distorted near or below the threshold of an LD. When the number of transmission channels is small and the total optical modulation depth is large, this nonlinearity governs the power ratio of an FM signal to one distortion component-the DU ratio. However, when the number of transmission channels is large, the DU ratio is determined by the effective optical modulation depth rather than the total optical modulation depth. Furthermore, the method of system design is clarified for an optical trunk line CATV system. If no restriction on the transmission bandwidth of optical devices exists, approximately 30 km transmission of 100-channel MUSE HDTV signals is available with a received CN ratio of 17.5 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Our research concentrates on developing a novel HDTV content management system that enables end users to search, retrieve and browse archived standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD) television material for program production and content repurposing in a digital television studio. We have developed the first system that automatically analyzes motion occurring in MPEG-2 coded SD and HD videos within the compressed domain itself and produces descriptors characterizing the global visual motion in videos, for content-based search and retrieval applications. We describe our robust and efficient scheme for automatically generating a flow characterization of a video bitstream without decompression, which is a frame-type-independent uniform motion representation amenable for consistent interpretation and computed from the raw motion vectors encoded in the MPEG-2 bitstreams. We propose novel techniques to handle all the different prediction schemes that are employed with different frame types and picture structures of MPEG-2 during the motion compensation process to deal with interlaced and progressive modes. Experiments with thousands of frames from SD and HD video streams demonstrate the accuracy of our flow estimation process and the effectiveness of utilizing flow vectors for annotation of perceived global motion in video streams.

The D/D2-MAC (multiplexed analog component) packet system has been standardized and put into operation in Europe. This television transmission system offers excellent picture and sound quality, and compatible reception of HDTV (high-definition television) signals. The broadcasters apply the system for its quality and secure conditional-access facilities. The different implementations of conditional access involve the need for a separate box comprising the conditional access subsystem. The evolution of television receiver architectures, from separate MAC decoders to fully integrated RVs, is described. This evolution toward less costly receivers is supported by new integrated circuits offered by the electronic components industry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

New Search Region Prediction Method For Motion Estimation

Digital Spatial Light Modulator Systems for Standard and High Definition Displays

Focus on lasers, imaging, and microscopy

Video signals can be processed by homogeneous multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) using the overlap-save method. The target application of the video signal processor (VSP) was video phones and video conferencing, along with the development of International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation H.261, video transmission over ISDN lines on which data rates are multiples of 64 kb/s. A commercial H.261 codec was developed based on the proposed VSP architecture, and the extension to high-definition TV (HDTV) signal processing had also been achieved and demonstrated. This article describes the challenge of real-time programmable VSP development during the 1980s.

LMM-based frame-level rate control for H.264/AVC high-definition video coding