Comprehensive Analysis of an EMG Based Human-Robot Interface Using Various Machine Learning Techniques

In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of various deep learning algorithms for customer segmentation in the banking sector, aiming to enhance targeted service delivery and customer experience. We employ a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data collection, preprocessing, feature selection, feature extraction, model development, and rigorous evaluation. Our dataset, derived from real-world banking customer profiles, was processed using normalization, encoding, and dimensionality reduction techniques. We implemented and compared eight models: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), CNN-LSTM Hybrid, Autoencoder-Based Network, and Deep Neural Network (DNN). Among them, the Autoencoder-Based model achieved the highest accuracy of 91.56%, outperforming others in terms of segmentation clarity and computational efficiency. These findings suggest that deep learning methods, particularly Autoencoder-Based architectures, offer robust solutions for real-time banking customer segmentation, enabling institutions to tailor products and services more effectively.

This research paper investigates the application of deep learning techniques for enhancing the control of lower limb exoskeletons through the classification of electromyography (EMG) signals. Utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), this study aims to improve the precision and adaptability of exoskeletons used in rehabilitation, particularly in orthopedics and sports medicine. The methodology involves collecting EMG data from various leg movements, which are then processed using advanced signal preprocessing techniques to enhance classification accuracy. The deep learning models are trained and validated with this data, demonstrating significant improvements in movement detection and device responsiveness. Results from the study indicate that the integration of deep learning models not only offers enhanced control over exoskeletons but also ensures more natural and efficient user interactions. This research highlights the potential of integrating sophisticated computational models into rehabilitative devices, paving the way for future advancements that could significantly improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for individuals with mobility impairments. The findings underscore the importance of continued innovation in the field of assistive technology, suggesting pathways for further research in multi-sensor integration and adaptive control systems. Keywords: deep Learning, electromyography (EMG), sports rehabilitation, lower limb exoskeletons, movement classification, neural networks, assistive robotics.

Deep learning (DL) has shown explosive growth in its application to bioinformatics and has demonstrated thrillingly promising power to mine the complex relationship hidden in large-scale biological and biomedical data. A number of comprehensive reviews have been published on such applications, ranging from high-level reviews with future perspectives to those mainly serving as tutorials. These reviews have provided an excellent introduction to and guideline for applications of DL in bioinformatics, covering multiple types of machine learning (ML) problems, different DL architectures, and ranges of biological/biomedical problems. However, most of these reviews have focused on previous research, whereas current trends in the principled DL field and perspectives on their future developments and potential new applications to biology and biomedicine are still scarce. We will focus on modern DL, the ongoing trends and future directions of the principled DL field, and postulate new and major applications in bioinformatics.

This study presents PhageVir, an enhanced computational model developed to predict Phage Virion Proteins (PVPs), which are essential for bacteriophage infection and replication. PhageVir integrates advanced feature selection methods, including the Position Relative Incidence Matrix (PRIM) and the Reverse Position Relative Incidence Matrix (RPRIM), to effectively capture key sequence features and positional dependencies within protein sequences. Several machine learning and deep learning algorithms were employed, including LightGBM, Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to classify PVPs based on sequential data. Model performance was evaluated through independent set testing, self-consistency testing, and cross-validation, using metrics such as accuracy (ACC), specificity (Sp), sensitivity (SN), Z-score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). The CNN model demonstrated strong performance in cross-validation, achieving an accuracy of 0.833, sensitivity of 0.832, specificity of 0.834, a correlation coefficient of 0.665, an AUC score of 0.927, and a Z-score of 1.37. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed computational approach for accurate PVP classification. Beyond its predictive power, PhageVir offers valuable biological insights into phage infection mechanisms, supporting advancements in phage therapy and antibacterial treatments.

The main neural network architectures applied for product demand forecasting are examined. Particular attention is given to Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), which demonstrate high efficiency when working with time series and detecting dependencies within data. A detailed analysis is provided for the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, an advanced variant of RNN that effectively addresses the vanishing gradient problem, a common issue in traditional RNN. Due to its capability to retain information over extended periods, LSTM is ideal for tasks requiring the analysis of long-term dependencies, such as seasonal fluctuations in product demand. The application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is analyzed, which show strong performance when processing structured data, such as images or matrices. With their ability to effectively detect spatial dependencies, CNN can be useful for demand forecasting when complex relationships between various data features need to be considered, particularly for demand evaluations dependent on multiple factors. The architectures Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Attention-based models (ABM) and Autoencoders (AE) are considered, which can also be applied to solve demand forecasting problems. A comparative analysis of the architectures is made in terms of forecast accuracy and ability to work with time series. By evaluating the training speed, data processing time, and reliability of these architectures in terms of the stability of results and forecast reliability, it has been determined that LSTM architectures are the most effective for product demand forecasting. These networks provide high accuracy and reliability of results and perform well with time series, which is crucial for forecasting demand under dynamic conditions.

The analysis of human body movements plays a crucial role in physical rehabilitation, enabling accurate assessment and feedback for patients undergoing therapy. However, the lack of standardized datasets and benchmarks limits the development of robust AI-based evaluation models. In this paper, we propose a benchmark for human body movements in the context of physical rehabilitation exercises. A key contribution is the creation of a custom dataset comprising 400 annotated images, providing a valuable resource for evaluating motion analysis models. After extracting body landmarks, we compare multiple architectures, including a simple artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent units (GRU), long-term recurrent convolutional networks (LRCN), and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM). The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the BiLSTM model with an accuracy equal to 91%, highlighting its potential for improving the automatic assessment of rehabilitation exercises. This benchmark serves as a foundation for future research in AI-driven rehabilitation monitoring.

Hand gestures play a vital role in sign language, serving as a primary means of non-verbal communication for individuals who are deaf or mute, enabling them to express themselves and interact with others. Although numerous sign language recognition systems have been developed, most are either costly or lack adaptability for real-world use. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), have significantly improved gesture recognition by enabling systems to learn complex patterns from large datasets of images or video sequences. This paper introduces a novel algorithm called Sign Language Accessibility Enhancement Using Ensemble of Deep Learning Techniques for Hand Gesture Recognition in Deaf and Dumb Communication (SLAEDL-HGRDDC). The model combines multiple components into a robust framework to enhance recognition accuracy and system scalability. Initially, Gaussian Filtering (GF) is used to reduce noise and improve image quality. Then, Inception-ResNet-V2 is adopted to extract intricate spatial features from gesture images. The recognition process utilizes an ensemble of three deep learning classifiers – Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN). Finally, the Modified Al-Biruni Earth Radius Optimization (MBER) algorithm is employed for optimal hyperparameter tuning. Extensive simulations demonstrate that SLAEDL-HGRDDC outperforms traditional systems in various performance metrics.

This study investigates the application of advanced deep learning models to forecast fossil energy prices, a critical factor influencing global economic stability. Unlike previous research, this study conducts a comparative analysis of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) models. The evaluation metrics employed include Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results reveal that recurrent architectures, particularly GRU, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM, consistently outperform feedforward and convolutional models, demonstrating superior ability to capture temporal dependencies and nonlinear dynamics in energy markets. In contrast, the RNN and DNN show relatively weaker generalization capabilities. Additionally, visualizations of actual versus predicted prices for each model further emphasize superior forecasting accuracy of recurrent models. The results highlight the potential of deep learning in enhancing investment and policy decisions. Additionally, the results provide significant implications for policymakers and investors by emphasizing the value of accurate energy price forecasting in mitigating market volatility, improving portfolio management, and supporting evidence-based energy policies.

An efficient data fusion model based on Bayesian model averaging for robust water quality prediction using deep learning strategies

Ocean surface currents (OSC), abiotic features of the environment, are continuous and directed movements of ocean water. Prediction to OSC is of significant interests in physical oceanography. Recently, deep learning technology has shown feasibility in mining the intrinsic change pattern of marine numerical values, such as SSS, SST and SSHA, but not been applied to OSC prediction yet. In this work, a deep learning method, named skipped dual path network (SDPNet), is proposed for OSC prediction. Specifically, SDPNet has a convolutional neural network (CNN) module with a one-dimensional convolution layer, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) module with a dual-path structure. Each path consists of a stack of three layers of long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), respectively. As well, a skipped-connection structure is added in the both paths. It aims to gradually mine the intrinsic change pattern contained in OSC time series data itself. Experiments are conducted on the South China Sea OSC data set in REDOS. SDPNet achieves accuracy 80.83%, 75.9%, 74.9%, 73.9%, 72.58%, 70.35%, 69.93% in predicting the coming 7 days OSC values and directions. It performs better than state-of-the-art machine learning methods, include Artificial Neural Network, Simple RNN, LSTM and GRU.

Sentiment Analysis of Self Driving Car Dataset: A comparative study of Deep Learning approaches

In today's digital world, app stores have become an essential part of software distribution, providing customers with a wide range of applications and opportunities for software developers to showcase their work. This study elaborates on the importance of end-user feedback for software evolution. However, in the literature, more emphasis has been given to high-rating & popular software apps while ignoring comparatively low-rating apps. Therefore, the proposed approach focuses on end-user reviews collected from 64 low-rated apps representing 14 categories in the Amazon App Store. We critically analyze feedback from low-rating apps and developed a grounded theory to identify various concepts important for software evolution and improving its quality including user interface (UI) and user experience (UX), functionality and features, compatibility and device-specific, performance and stability, customer support and responsiveness and security and privacy issues. Then, using a grounded theory and content analysis approach, a novel research dataset is curated to evaluate the performance of baseline machine learning (ML), and state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) algorithms in automatically classifying end-user feedback into frequently occurring issues. Various natural language processing and feature engineering techniques are utilized for improving and optimizing the performance of ML and DL classifiers. Also, an experimental study comparing various ML and DL algorithms, including multinomial naive Bayes (MNB), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), multi-layer perception (MLP), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), AdaBoost, Voting, convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional long short term memory (BiLSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU), and recurrent neural network (RNN) classifiers, achieved satisfactory results in classifying end-user feedback to commonly occurring issues. Whereas, MLP, RF, BiGRU, GRU, CNN, LSTM, and Classifiers achieved average accuracies of 94%, 94%, 92%, 91%, 90%, 89%, and 89%, respectively. We employed the SHAP approach to identify the critical features associated with each issue type to enhance the explainability of the classifiers. This research sheds light on areas needing improvement in low-rated apps and opens up new avenues for developers to improve software quality based on user feedback.

Deep learning technology is generally applied to analyze periodic data, such as the data of electromyography (EMG) and acoustic signals. Conversely, its accuracy is compromised when applied to the anomalous and irregular nature of the data obtained using a magneto-impedance (MI) sensor. Thus, we propose and analyze a deep learning model based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) optimized for the MI sensor, such that it can detect and classify data that are relatively irregular and diverse compared to the EMG and acoustic signals. Our proposed method combines the long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models to detect and classify metal objects from signals acquired by an MI sensor. First, we configured various layers used in RNN with a basic model structure and tested the performance of each layer type. In addition, we succeeded in increasing the accuracy by processing the sequence length of the input data and performing additional work in the prediction process. An MI sensor acquires data in a non-contact mode; therefore, the proposed deep learning approach can be applied to drone control, electronic maps, geomagnetic measurement, autonomous driving, and foreign object detection.

With evolving technology, Hindi web content is growing considerably and catching popularity as the larger audience feels more connected and heard using their native language. A volcanic growth in online movie reviews (MRs) in Hindi has been observed lately; manually analyzing them is impossible. Hence, the research problem of automatic organization and classification of Hindi reviews is apparent as this can help viewers decide whether a movie is worth watching or not. This work focuses on developing a deep learning-based system for bi-polar sentiment classification of MRs for resource deficient language – Hindi. To this end, a primary Hindi movie review (MR) corpus is made and manually annotated with binary polarity class labels - positive or negative. The corpus is preprocessed using the preprocessing steps, and Random Word Embeddings (WEs) are utilized for feature extraction. This paper proposes an ensemble CNN_BiGRU, which is an integration of 1D CNN with BiGRU for the bipolar classification of Hindi MRs. To prove our ensemble’s efficacy; other widely used mainstream deep learning models (DLMs) such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based models – Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are also applied and compared with proposed ensemble using average classification accuracy. Empirical results show the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble in achieving a reasonably good average accuracy of 89.366%. The results indicate that proposed CNN_BiGRU compares favorably to the state-of-the-art DLMs applied and hence gives an effective solution for sentence-level bi-polar classification of MRs in a resource deficient scenario.

Prediction of wind turbine blade icing fault based on selective deep ensemble model