Comprehensive and Creative Conclusions: Enhancing Structural Design Educational Opportunities in Labs for Architecture Students

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2632 Active Learning in Large Lectures Russell D. Meier Kansas State University I. Introduction Active learning is powerful teaching. I have used active learning techniques in undergraduate computer engineering courses at Iowa State University and Kansas State University. I firmly believe that the learner-centered, active learning exercises have enhanced student knowledge of the material. I was challenged by two large lecture courses during the 1997-1998 academic year. Each course had a class size approaching 100 students. Many instructors believe that a large lecture is not an appropriate active learning environment. I strongly disagree. Properly designed exercises with appropriate individual-accountability measurements work very well in large lectures. In each course, the students formed cohesive learning teams. The teams enjoyed the active learning challenge problems and directed class discussion. My role evolved from a lecturer to the role of facilitator and mentor. Facilitating these learner-centered classrooms is the most rewarding experience I have had as a faculty member. However, managing large active learning classrooms is not for the weak-at-heart. Large lectures pose unique questions that must be faced when designing active learning environments. How will the large number of teams be selected? Is it possible to diversify teams in a large lecture when the student population is mostly homogenous? How can activities be completed in large lecture halls? What about the students that refuse to participate? Does active learning work for every student in the large course? Will the shear number of active learning teams foster competition, and is competition desired? What about incomplete teams caused by truancy? Is it possible to guarantee individual-accountability within the large student population? I had to find answers to all of these questions. This paper will discuss my experience designing and facilitating the active learning environments for the large lectures of my computer engineering courses. II. Background I began my teaching career in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University. The computer engineering enrollment was increasing steadily while the computer engineering faculty size remained static. Thus, class size increased dramatically for the faculty members teaching core courses. I was the only instructor of one four credit-hour course on microprocessor systems design (CprE 301) from 1994 through 1998. My CprE 301 lectures met for 50 minutes three times per week and every student attended one three-hour laboratory during the week. The lecture grew from 40 students to nearly 100 students during these years. In 1997, I was also gifted with a second large lecture to be taught each semester; a three credit- hour course entitled "Fundamentals of Computer Engineering (CprE 310)." CprE 310 had always been extremely unpopular because it was perceived by students to be a mathematics

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Aluminum Structured Vehicle Technology (ASVT) program in Alcan is developing technology for the design and manufacture of adhesively bonded aluminum automobile structures. The development of any new vehicle involves a complex balance between package, manufacture, cost and performance constraints, and it is therefore important to be able to give clear guidelines in these areas to support the evaluation of this new technology by the motor industry.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper on ASVT structural design demonstrates the important features involved in meeting strength and stiffness needs at minimum weight, and it is intended to complement previous publications which have focused on the core technology and process considerations of ASVT.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The first two sections examine the key elements of ASVT, namely the aluminum and the adhesive bond, with both strength and stiffness being considered. The final two sections examine the large influence of ASVT on the performance of connections between structural members, and the resulting stiffness of structures as a whole.</div>

In schools of architecture there is a tendency to associate the use of computers solely with the production of graphic images as part of the architectural design process. However, if the architecture is to work as a building it is also essential that technical aspects of the design are adequately investigated. One of the problem areas for most architectural students is structural design and they are often reluctant to use hand calculations to determine sizes of structural elements within their projects. In recent years, much of the drudgery of hand calculation has been removed from the engineer by the use of computers, and this has, hopefully, allowed a more thorough investigation of conceptual ideas and alternatives. The same benefit is now becoming available to architectural students. This is in the form of structural analysis and design programs that can be used, even by those having a limited knowledge of structural engineering, to assess the stability of designs and obtain approximate sizes for individual structural elements. The paper discusses how the use of such programs is taught, within the School of Architecture at Nottingham. Examples will be given of how they can assist students in the architectural design process. In particular, the application of GLULAM, a program for estimating sizes of laminated timber elements and SAND, a structural analysis and design package, will be described.

This study aims at investigating the effects of Islamic Science,Technology And Engineering course towards the changes of attitude, moral and behaviour of students Architecture of a polytechnic in Malaysia. 50 students of Architecture Diploma programmes who had taken Islamic science,technology and engineering course in semester July 201 6 were involved in this study. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires regarding the students’ perceptions towards Islamic science,technology and engineering course and were analysed using percentage, frequency, t-test and correlation test. The findings show that the overall mean for the increment of the students’ understanding and awareness of Islamic science,technology and engineering is 4.41, their perceptions towards Islamic science,technology and engineering course is 4.29, the students’ perceptions towards Islamic science,technology and engineering lecturers is 4.55, their perceptions towards daily activities is 4.74 whereby the students’ perceptions towards the teaching of Islamic science,technology and engineering course is 4.12. The results of the t-test showed that independent variables had only a little influence on the dependant variables based on the significant level which is 0.05. Apart from that, based on the overall mean and percentages on the changes of the students’ attitude, this study found that the Islamic science,technology and engineering course had given positive effects on the students of the polytechnic.

This paper presents structural modeling and design considerations for a double-layer shoring system made of wood posts based on analytical derivation, numerical computation, and the LeMessurier formula. Simplified two-dimensional models of double-layer shoring systems are developed. The analysis shows that system critical loads do not increase with the addition of individual pinned-ended shores, i.e., leaning columns, in the system during construction. If these individual pinned-ended shores are widely used, more cases of falsework failure may occur. The effects of lengths of horizontal stringers and vertical shores, stiffnesses of stringers, and positions of strong shores are investigated in the paper. The reinforcement by addition of bracing to the shoring systems can improve the system buckling strength. The study concludes that appropriately fastening a group of pinned-ended shores with horizontal bracings, i.e., strong shores, can increase the load-carrying capacity of a double-layer shoring system.

A Deck Mating System is entrusted to facilitate the transfer a topsides facility by Floatover method from a free-floating transport vessel to a fixed or floating substructure. These critical systems have moving parts, complex dynamic properties, and structural design considerations that are little understood by most designers. Yet, these systems may be employed with inadequate engineering, design and analysis. They may be manufactured and assembled by multiple, generalized contractors, rather than by a single, specialized vendor. And they may have their function tested for the first time during the actual Floatover operation. There are inherent risks in this type of operation, and failures have occurred. As a result, some clients have grown more cautious. They have tightened specifications, limited procurement to specialized vendors, and required comprehensive testing of a fully assembled unit. Fortunately, no failure has yet resulted in the total loss of a topsides. However, as there has been no dramatic, publicized failure, many clients continue to cut corners on this critical area and test poorly designed, engineered, and manufactured system in the field. Primarily, this paper seeks to assist a designer, purchaser, or end user of a Deck Mating System by pointing out critical design considerations and by providing a set of recommended practices. The paper first provides a brief overview of the components of a Deck Mating System and their functions. It then outlines the potential design hazards, from obvious, catastrophic failures to often hidden failures to meet performance requirements. Finally, a list of recommended practices is provided in the form of an example specification. This paper draws from experience through 18 floatover operations and a larger number of design developments and engineering studies.

Anisotropic size effect of 3D printed LC3-based engineered cementitious composites (LC3-ECC)

In the aircraft manufacturing industry, the strength and weight of the material is one of the important considerations in structural design. Composite material is a material composed of two or more forming materials, each of which has different mechanical properties. Aircraft structure in this era are 50 - 80% composed of glass or carbon fiber composite materials as reinforcement. Unfortunately, these fibers when recycled produce harmful CO gas, difficult to degrade naturally and cause itching when in contact with human skin. For this reason, environmentally friendly and strong fibers are needed to replace the role of glass or carbon fibers. Is a bamboo plant, which is abundant in Indonesia which is considered suitable as a substitute material. In this study, a mechanical test and descriptive analysis were carried out on the strength of the composite material with variations in the types of bamboo fibers apus, wulung, tutul and petung. These fibers are arranged with epoxy resin and hardener as a binding material (matrix). And each fiber will be arranged in 0 ° pattern to the matrix. Then each material with a different fiber type will be tested for tensile and bending to obtain the value of stress and strain that occurs at its maximum loading. And the result is the average tensile stress value (Mpa) composite material of apus bamboo is 75.95, wulung bamboo 49.92, petung bamboo 112.73, tutul bamboo 83.85. Then the average bending stress (Mpa) composite material of apus bamboo was 239.073, wulung bamboo 214.236, petung bamboo 249.67, tutul bamboo 272.79. With this result, bamboo fiber composites are considered to be able to replace the role of carbon or glass fibers, as an alternative composite material in some parts of the interior fuselage of aircraft panels. Keyword: Composites material, Matrix, Bamboo Fibers, Carbon and Glass Fibers, Stress and Strain.

A vehicle capable of performing the transfer of eight people to and from the Space Station Freedom is currently in the conceptual/preliminary design stages at the NASA Langley Research Center. Structural definition of this Personnel Launch System (PLS) and the considerations leading to it are described. Issues such as cost, technology level, human factors, and maintainability are used as guidelines for the structural definition. A synergistic design technique involving aerodynamics, performance, mission, packaging, and weights and sizing analyses is utilized to evaluate the structural design. A closed-loop design is achieved when the mission requirements are met by each previously mentioned analysis for a particular vehicle weight. Although satisfactory, the structural concept presented herein is not to be treated as a final answer, but one promising solution. An examination of alternative designs and more detailed analyses can be undertaken in order to identify design inadequacies and more efficient approaches.

Natural hazards like cyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, ecosystems and marine structures and facilities. Numerical modelling of cyclones is carried out for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. Cyclone modelling results are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) has set up regional tidal hydrodynamic and wave transformation models covering the Arabian Sea to address the above issues. Cyclone Mekunu is relatively new (May 2018). A quick literature search by Royal HaskoningDHV has suggested that numerical modelling results of waves and surge on Cyclone Mekunu are hardly available in the public domain. Therefore, this paper has concentrated on this event to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves and surge generated by cyclones. The MIKE21 model of DHI was used in the study. Sample results of waves and surge from the modelling study are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. Structural design considerations and cyclone risk reduction measures are also provided. The model could be used to simulate any cyclone generated anywhere within the Arabian Sea. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves and surge in the Arabian Sea could also be applied to simulate cyclones at other sites around the world. The paper provides valuable information to the researchers and practitioners of the region on this relatively new event.

The structural support system for two equilibrium field coil conductor concepts is considered for the fusion energy design (FED) 8/10T baseline magnetic fusion system. Both conductor concepts are discussed. Results indicate that regardless of the conductor concept employed, an external support beam/frame structural system is required to equilibrate the accumulative loadings.

Precast and prestressed concrete played a prominent role in meeting the stiff requirements of the new USAA Southeast Regional Office Building and Parking Structure in Tampa, Florida. The seven-story office building and five-level parking structure are separated into two curving volumes facing an existing man-made lake. These volumes unite to form a single south facade characterized by a large-scale grid of punched windows in a horizontally banded exterior wall. The free standing 1600-car parking structure is all-precast, employing a distinctive loadbearing ladder wall system with a pretopped double tee floor system. The authors present the architectural requirements and environmental issues, the structural design considerations and some production/erection highlights of the proiect. A key ingredient, which ensured the success of the project, was the concept of partnering ― the theme of which is carried throughout the article

Research of advanced power cycles has shown supercritical carbon dioxide power cycles may have thermal efficiency benefits relative to steam cycles at temperatures around 500–700°C. To realize these benefits for CSP, it is necessary to increase the maximum outlet temperature of current tower designs. Research at NREL is investigating a concept that uses high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide as the heat transfer fluid to achieve a 650°C receiver outlet temperature. At these operating conditions, creep becomes an important factor in the design of a tubular receiver and contemporary design assumptions for both solar and traditional boiler applications must be revisited and revised. This paper discusses lessons learned for high-pressure, high-temperature tubular receiver design. An analysis of a simplified receiver tube is discussed, and the results show the limiting stress mechanisms in the tube and the impact on the maximum allowable flux as design parameters vary. Results of this preliminary analysis indicate an underlying trade-off between tube thickness and the maximum allowable flux on the tube. Future work will expand the scope of design variables considered and attempt to optimize the design based on cost and performance metrics.

NASA's upcoming ARES V launch vehicle, with its' immense payload capacities (both volume and mass) has opened the possibilities for a whole new paradigm of space observatories. It becomes practical to consider a monolith mirror of sufficient size to permit significant scientific advantages, both in collection area and smoothness or figure at a reasonable price. The technologies and engineering to manufacture and test 8 meter class monoliths is mature, with nearly a dozen of such mirrors already in operation around the world. This paper will discuss the design requirements to adapt an 8m meniscus mirror into a Space Telescope System, both launch and operational considerations are included. With objects this massive and structurally sensitive, the mirror design must include all stages of the process. Based upon the experiences of the Hubble Space Telescope, testing and verification at both component and integrated system levels are considered vital to mission success. To this end, two different component level test methods for gravity sag (the so call zero- gravity simulation or test mount) are proposed, with one of these methods suitable for the full up system level testing as well.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The 1980 requirements for bumpers limit the damage that may be sustained in 8 km/h (5 mph) pendulum and barrier impacts. This paper covers four items of interest for design of one-piece aluminum bumpers: (1) properties of alloys, (2) dent resistance, (3) beam strength, (4) relative behavior of aluminum and steel.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Static and dynamic tests are used to define the effects of yield strength and thickness on denting. Finite element calculations agree well with the results of dynamic bending tests of bumpers. Data presented also show that the strain rates during beam bending are low. Relative weights of aluminum and steel bumpers are defined.</div>