Computational Fluid Dynamics Technology and Its Application in Wind Environment Analysis

In residential estate planning, several types of architectural combination space such as surround type, determinant, around the wrong column type and staggered type are commonly used. In this paper, the relationship between them and wind environment are simulated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology. The difference between two kinds of incident angle conditions are analyzed by landscape contrast, as well as the difference between construction plane combination by vertical contrast. General rules of architectural combination space and wind environment are summarized, and it is of significance in guiding the development of ecological energy-saving living environment.

In recent decades, increasing urbanization has increased construction land shortages, which has made people pay more attention to the utilization of vertical space. The emergence of more and more high-rise buildings has affected the wind environment at the pedestrian level, especially in residential areas. In this research, the typical patterns of the layouts of residential buildings in Shenyang were investigated and summarized, and the wind environment of the residential areas of different architecture layouts was simulated according to the climatic conditions in Shenyang. After analyzing the simulation results, a typical layout mode for the residential areas in Shenyang was developed to facilitate the establishment of a favorable wind environment. In comparison with different building layouts, a staggered layout of slab buildings, half-enclosed layout of point buildings with openings on the south side, slab-point combined buildings with slab buildings on the north side, and point buildings on the south side were found to be the most suitable layouts for Shenyang’s climate. Thus, this study can provide guidance to designers and urban planners in addition to practical suggestions for residential planning.

With the development of urbanization, the heat island phenomenon has led to further deterioration of the urban thermal environment, resulting in wind environment differences. To study the thermal environment of the city, this paper takes the Busan area in South Korea as the research object and analyzes the connection between the layout of buildings and the wind environment based on the microscopic wind environment characteristics of the coastal area using CFD air-fluid simulation software and suggests that the monsoon influence brought by the coastal currents should be paid attention to, the layout of wind-oriented building groups should be improved, urban air ducts should be established to enhance the ventilation efficiency, and the wind environment of the urban public environment and buildings should be guaranteed. The wind environment quality of urban public environment and indoor environment should be ensured.

Optimizing the wind environment within university dormitory areas is essential for ensuring student safety, enhancing living comfort, and improving building energy efficiency. In this study, the wind environment of multi-story university dormitories in cold regions is comprehensively investigated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations conducted with the PHONECIS software (version 2019), combined with orthogonal experimental design methods for systematic analysis and optimization. Through orthogonal experimental design, the effects of key morphological parameters—including building layout, length, width, and height—on the near-ground wind environment were evaluated. Among these, building width exerted the greatest influence, followed by building length, layout form, and finally building height. Based on the analysis, the optimal design scheme features a staggered building layout, with individual dormitory buildings measuring 60 m in length, 16 m in width, and 11.4 m in height. This optimized design was implemented in the multi-story dormitory area of the eastern section of Chang’an University’s New Campus. A comparative analysis of wind speed distribution before and after optimization, conducted specifically for the outdoor spaces during the winter season, revealed that the average near-ground wind speed was reduced from 3.3 m/s to 2.7 m/s, achieving an 18% reduction. The staggered arrangement and adjusted building proportions effectively dispersed airflow, mitigated high-velocity zones, and significantly enhanced outdoor wind comfort and pedestrian safety. This study introduces a morphology–wind environment coupling strategy from an architectural perspective to guide the design of dormitory buildings in cold regions. Rather than focusing on mathematical modeling, the research emphasizes design-oriented outcomes aimed at informing and optimizing practical architectural solutions for safer, more comfortable, and energy-efficient campus living environments.

This paper presents a study of the effects of wind-induced airflow through the urban built layout pattern using statistical analysis. This study investigates the association between typically enclosed office building layout patterns and the wind environment. First of all, this study establishes an ideal site model of 200 m × 200 m and obtains four typical multi-story enclosed office building group layouts, namely the multi-yard parallel opening, the multi-yard returning shape opening, the overall courtyard parallel opening, and the overall courtyard returning shape opening. Then, the natural ventilation performance of different building morphologies is further evaluated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software Phoenics. This study compares wind speed distribution at an outdoor pedestrian height (1.5 m). Finally, the natural ventilation performance corresponding to the four layout forms is obtained, which showed that the outdoor wind environment of the multi-yard type is more comfortable than the overall courtyard type, and the degree of enclosure of the building group is related to the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor wind environment. The quantitative relevance between building layout and wind environment is examined, according to which the results of an ameliorated layout proposal are presented and assessed by Phoenics. This research could provide a method to create a livable urban wind environment.

Classification and pedestrian-level wind environment assessment among Tianjin's residential area based on numerical simulation

The outdoor wind environment and thermal environment are important factors affecting human comfort in cold winter conditions. The spatial layout of plant communities plays an important role in improving the outdoor microclimate and improving outdoor comfort. In order to explore the positive effect of plant layout on outdoor comfort in cold winter, this study took Xuzhou Tangfang Middle School with typical layout characteristics as the research object. In this study, we simulated the wind environment of these models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and the outdoor thermal environment using Ecotect (2011), and used linear regression and one-way ANOVA for mathematical statistics. The wind environment and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) of campus outdoor activities distributed in different spaces were analyzed and evaluated. The research results showed that the superposition of wind and thermal environments identified the key areas of the campus (cross-flow area and corner flow area) and showed a negative correlation. The staggered layout of the three plant combinations increases the wind prevention efficiency by 39.4%. At the same time, this study established the linkage mechanism of campus plant layout, environmental microclimate, and activity area comfort, which effectively improved outdoor human comfort in cold winter. This research can provide a reference for the remediation and improvement of the comfort of the same type of campus, and also provide data support and reference significance for the research on the outdoor pedestrian environment in winter.

Architectural outdoor wind environment simulation is an important part of green building certification. This paper is based on the natural climatic conditions of the Wuhan region, using RNG model of software of Airpak to simulate and evaluate the wind environment of Jiao Gong district in Wuhan University both in summer and winter. Through the simulation of outdoor comfort of the building environment and building monomer pressure distribution in the residential district, we find that the residential district meets standard of the national green building evaluation for outdoor walking comfort in winter and natural ventilation in summer. At the same time, this simulation can guide the local residential district planning and design program decision-making from the view of forming excellent wind environment.

Reasonable building height distribution in urban residential areas is conducive to smoother vertical airflow exchange and promotes sustainable development. This paper studies the influence of building layouts on vertical ventilation in high-rise residential areas in Harbin, China, and discusses typical building layout objectives. The ideal area of 220 × 220 m was determined using statistical analysis and specification requirements, and seven typical layouts were defined based on the distribution of building heights. The computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was verified using wind tunnel testing to improve the accuracy of the Phoenics simulation software. Wind speed, wind pressure, and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in residential areas distributed at different heights were analyzed and evaluated. The results indicated that the Phoenics simulation parameter settings, verified via wind tunnel testing, could achieve reasonable simulation results and different height distribution modes had an impact on the changes in wind speed and wind pressure. The equal-height layout that conformed to the row spacing of the buildings and the layout of taller buildings on the east side could provide higher comfort, and did not require enclosed and downwind layouts. This research can inform the green and livable design of residential buildings and provide a new perspective for the construction of high-rise residential areas in cold cities.

With the rapid development of social economy, the rapid improvement of people’s living standards and the increase of car ownership, the problems of residential road traffic and landscape are becoming more and more serious. Residential area is closely related to human health and its development is a symbol of urban progress. The planning and design of green ecological residential area has become the focus of common concern in China and even in the world. Based on the concept of green ecology, this paper discusses how to plan and design residential roads and landscape. At the end of this paper, the design method of road and landscape in residential area is analysed through practical application design. It is hoped to provide some reference ideas for future residential planning and jointly promote the construction of green ecology of residential area.

A novel modeling method, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate a parafoil flying in rain and wind environments, is proposed. Then, the dynamic model of the powered parafoil in the complex environment is established on the basis of revised aerodynamic equations. By introducing path-following controllers based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), horizontal and longitude trajectory tracking of the powered parafoil in realistic environments are simulated. Results verify the effectiveness of the model and control methods.

The wind environment is an important factor affecting the comfort of the outdoor environment in high-rise residential communities. The numerical simulation of ventilation situation in the outdoor environment could provide scientific bases for the design of various elements in a community, including space layout, roads, activity spaces, water system, and plants. Taking the Changqingteng community, Xinxiang as the object, this paper numerically simulates the wind environment in summer, winter, and the transition season on THSware VENT2018, and analyzes the wind speed amplification factors, wind speed vector diagrams, and wind speed cloud maps on the outdoor environment of the community. The results show that both wind speed and wind speed amplification factor fall into the comfortable ranges in most places of the community throughout the year. In summer, only a few windless activity spaces are uncomfortable on hot and humid days. In winter, multiple wind corridors appear in the north of the community. These corridors greatly suppress the comfort of residents, owing to their fast wind speed and large wind speed amplification factor. The following measures could be taken to optimize the outdoor environment of the community: adding leisure spaces around the water system to improve comfort in summer, and setting up wind barriers by planting dense evergreen plants between the buildings on the north side to improve comfort in winter.

Introduction Intracranial vertebro-basilar artery dissecting aneurysm (iVBD) can be a cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), posterior circulation ischemia or local symptoms such as headache. Patients of iVBD with SAH are usually treated with trapping by endovascular procedures or clipping, because re-bleeding of iVBD is fatal in acute stage. However, in terms of a treatment for unruptured iVBD, its proper strategy is still controversial. In general, conservative approaches have been suggested because unruptured iVBD doesn’t have an aggressive clinical course. But some cases have an aggressive and malignant course, especially cases with basilar artery (BA) dissection extending from vertebral artery (VA). Appropriate timing and strategy for BA dissection extending from VA are less well-established because the treatment is challenging. The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate the hemodynamic findings on each iVBD status by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and relation of them with thrombosis formation and growing dissection. Materials and methods Five patients diagnosed with iVBD were analyzed each clinical course, configuration of dissecting aneurysm and flow features. All patients are unruptured, two had BA dissection extending from VA and three had no extension to BA. We analyzed their flow status using CFD technology. Results Our results demonstrated one possibility that the angle between bilateral VA and BA causes the high impingement on the wall of aneurysm where has high pressure and divergent WSS vector. It means blood flow is unstable. On the other hand, cases without dissection extending to BA had more moderate flow in the dilated part of dissection because dissecting aneurysm located on low-angle vessel. Illustrative case 76-year-old male had BA dissection extending from VA. His dissecting aneurysm had gradually expanding and growing thrombosis formation caused compression of the brainstem. We treat coil embolization for dilated portion of intracranial left VA and occlusion with vascular plugs on extracranial left VA. In half day, his symptoms had worsed than preoperative period because of brain infarction and compression to brainstem with partial thrombosis in dissecting aneurysm. His results on CFD analysis has demonstrated flow from bilateral VA went into the same part of dilated wall and in left VA there were high pressure and wide flow instability. Conclusion In the future, to establish the timing and treatment strategy for BA dissection extending from VA, we need to continue tracking aneurysm status and analyze flow condition at dissecting aneurysm with CFD technology. Disclosures N. Uemiya: None. S. Ishihara: None. S. Kohyama: None. F. Yamane: None. T. Ootsuka: None. K. Mizokami: None. H. Neki: None. J. Niimi: None. E. Tsukagoshi: None.

Biomimetics, which draws inspiration from nature, has emerged as a key approach in the development of underwater vehicles. The integration of this approach with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has further propelled research in this field. CFD, as an effective tool for dynamic analysis, contributes significantly to understanding and resolving complex fluid dynamic problems in underwater vehicles. Biomimetics seeks to harness innovative inspiration from the biological world. Through the imitation of the structure, behavior, and functions of organisms, biomimetics enables the creation of efficient and unique designs. These designs are aimed at enhancing the speed, reliability, and maneuverability of underwater vehicles, as well as reducing drag and noise. CFD technology, which is capable of precisely predicting and simulating fluid flow behaviors, plays a crucial role in optimizing the structural design of underwater vehicles, thereby significantly enhancing their hydrodynamic and kinematic performances. Combining biomimetics and CFD technology introduces a novel approach to underwater vehicle design and unveils broad prospects for research in natural science and engineering applications. Consequently, this paper aims to review the application of CFD technology in the biomimicry of underwater vehicles, with a primary focus on biomimetic propulsion, biomimetic drag reduction, and biomimetic noise reduction. Additionally, it explores the challenges faced in this field and anticipates future advancements.

Safety has become the bottom line and fundamental goal of urban renewal with the accelerated urbanization process. Building a safe and stable urban residential environment is a meaningful way to improve cities’ “social-ecological” resilience. Based on the theory of environmental crime prevention and space syntax, taking Tiexinli old residential area in Qinhuangdao City as the research object, using Depth map software to quantitatively analyze the integration degree, synergy degree, connectivity degree, depth value, visual clustering coefficient, and choice value of the residential space, the results show that the accessibility of the spatial system of the old residential area is differentiated. The accessibility of the by-pass road is the lowest and lacks activity support. The spatial layout of the residential area is single and concurrent, and the entrances, exits, and the subsidiary road fail to play a good role in ” access control. ” The environment and landscape of green space between houses and negative space in the residential area are poorly maintained, and the visibility effect is limited. Therefore, the renovation of the old residential area should focus on optimizing the road system, increasing the monitoring of the activities of the people, and enriching the activities of the public space. This research contributes to addressing potential crime issues in urban renewal. It offers feasible and forward-looking approaches to crime prevention and control in the redevelopment of old residential areas in Asian countries. Additionally, this method can be applied in the planning and design of new residential areas to identify and rectify potential crime risks within design schemes, ensuring the safety and living quality of residential communities.