Conceptions of geography teaching: Dataset enabling typology transfer and teaching quality reflection in other fields

An analysis of recent science education research on student conceptions of natural phenomena, on science teaching and on science teacher planning carries implications for science teacher education. This suggests that the development of appropriate conceptions of teaching should be an important goal of science teacher education. Drawing the analogy between conceptions of natural phenomena and conceptions of teaching suggests guidelines for designing instruction in science teacher education courses. The importance of these guidelines is enhanced because teachers are likely to hold conceptions of teaching which are in conflict with those considered appropriate. Activities in science teacher education which have attempted to identify and influence conceptions of science teaching are described and analysed. While these activities must be regarded as preliminary, they point to a powerful approach to thinking about the education of science teachers.

CONTRADICTIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES: LECTURERS' CONCEPTIONS OF TEACHING INTRODUCTORY ACCOUNTING

The study aims to examine science teachers' and pre-service science teachers' metaphors about learning, teaching, and teacher concepts and compare their metaphors. The study is designed according to phenomenology research design. The study participants consisted of 62 in-service science teachers working in government schools and 45 pre-service science teachers attending a government university’s science teaching department. The data was collected during the 2017-2018 academic year. The participants were requested to fill in the blanks of three statements: "Learning is like…..; because …….", "Teaching is like…..; because…….", "Teacher is like….; because……". The results displayed that teachers and pre-service teachers generally have different meaning categories. While teachers expressed the concept of “teacher,” they took their own experiences and professional lives into consideration since they are actively working as teachers. On the other hand, pre-service teachers expressed their own teachers and their behaviors while defining the concept of “teacher.” Similarly, when we take a look at the results related to the concept of “student,” while teachers started off with the children they taught, pre-service teachers talked about their own experiences since they are students.

The nature of science (NOS) has become a central goal of science education in many countries. This study sought an understanding of the extent to which a nature of science course (NOSC), designed according to the conceptualization of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teaching nature of science (NOS), affects in-service science teachers’ understanding and learning of NOS, and their orientations towards teaching it. A qualitative research approach was employed as a research methodology, drawing upon pre- and post-instruction NOS questionnaires, field notes, and in-service teachers’ weekly journal entries and assignments. Open-ended NOS questionnaires, used to assess participants’ understandings of NOS, were analysed and categorized as either informed, partially informed and naive. Other qualitative data were analysed through an inductive process to identify ways in-service teachers engaged and learned in the NOSC. The results indicate that at the beginning of the course, a majority of the in-service science teachers held naive understandings of NOS, particularly with respect to the definition of science, scientific inquiry, and differences between laws and theories. They viewed implicit project-based science and science process skills as goals of NOS instruction. By engaging in the course, the in-service science teachers developed an understanding of NOS and orientations to teaching NOS based on various elements, especially reflective and explicit instruction, role modelling, and content- and non-content embedded instruction. The aim of this study is to help science teacher educators, consider how to support and develop science teachers’ understandings of NOS while being mindful of PCK for NOS, and develop methods for teaching NOS frameworks.

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is gaining popularity in science education worldwide. Unfortunately, many teachers are yet to comprehend its pedagogical modulus operandi especially in West Africa and Nigeria, in particular, maybe due to their teaching conception that is still inclined towards teacher-centred paradigm. This paper is targeted at finding out the teachers’ teaching conception towards IBL in secondary schools in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Promoting Inquiry-based learning in Science and Mathematics (PRIMAS) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 85 Physics secondary school teachers in Kebbi State. Discriptive statistics was used to arrived at a mean value of 2.74 which represent the value of the physics teachers conception. Inadequate knowledge of IBL, teachers’ difficulty to apply the method, current practices (national curriculum and lack of adequate instructional materials) were found to be some of the respondents’ major conception. Professional development programs, curriculum review and IBL teachers’ welfare were some of the suggestions offered to improve the teaching conception towards IBL.

Life history research creates a broader understanding of teaching by providing illustration of the relationships among various aspects of teachers’ lives and their teaching practice, both inside and beyond the classroom. This article focuses on the life history of Munazza, a young science teacher at the Karachi Model Secondary School (KMSS), a private, co‐educational, English‐medium school for children from middle‐income families. Its purpose is to gain insight into a female science teacher's understanding of teaching science in a school in Pakistan, ascertain what aspects of this science teacher's conceptions of the nature of science are explicit in her practice, and determine how the teacher's life history has affected those views.

Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the aims of the present cross-sectional study were i) to investigate acceptance by teachers of an open-source, collaborative, free m-learning app, named Artefac, ii) to examine whether teachers’ self-approach goals (i.e., the motivation to teach more effectively than before) may be a relevant external variable to include in the TAM, and iii) to investigate potential differences of acceptance between school subjects (humanities and social science teachers vs. science teachers), status (in-service teachers vs. pre-service teachers), and contexts (teachers in schools classified as difficult vs. teachers in schools not so classified). A total of 419 French teachers (277 women, 142 men) took part in the present correlational survey. After reading a text with pictures presenting an open-source, collaborative, free m-learning app, named Artefac, the participants filled out a self-reported questionnaire about its acceptance before use, assessing perceived usefulness for teaching, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and intention to use. Teachers’ self-approach goals were also assessed. One-sample t-tests and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that Artefac was rather well accepted by teachers (with middle to strong effect sizes), whatever their school subject, their status, and their teaching context. The results also highlighted that teachers’ self-approach goals positively predicted perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use but did not predict perceived usefulness for teaching, indicating that the more teachers wanted to increase their teaching skills, the more they found Artefac easy to use and fun to use.

Uspostavljanje modela filmske edukacije u srednjoj školi

The implementation of project-based learning in social sciences learning subjects contains learning material regarding the types of social institutions, religion, economics, and politics. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evaluation of project-based learning in social science learning subjects in elementary schools. The method used is a literature review with a meta-analysis of ten national-indexed journal review results based on the evaluation of project-based learning on learning subjects in elementary schools. The research results were grouped and analyzed based on the evaluation of project-based learning in social sciences learning subjects in elementary schools. The analysis results of a number of research indicate that there are (a) inadequacies of teacher skills in the use of learning models that encourage students in the learning process, (b) inadequate learning media used in social sciences learning subjects, (c) still using conventional teaching method in teaching and learning process so that students do not achieve the results from learning, and (d) insufficient teacher’s competence in the implementation of project-based learning in social sciences learning subjects in elementary schools. Through the four results of the evaluation of social sciences learning subjects in elementary schools, Students’ independence and discipline can increase so that they can communicate and achieve learning objectives.

O Ensino de História nos anos iniciais é um campo de pesquisa que, apesar de apresentar nos últimos anos um crescimento quantitativo e qualitativo, necessita de uma atenção especial dos pesquisadores e professores dos anos iniciais pela forma como tem sido abordado pelos organismos do Estado. Nos percursos de constituição da Didática da História nos anos iniciais, diversas concepções de ensino - aprendizagem da História pautaram os debates sobre o tema, conferindo a esta Didática um caráter epistemológico específico. Preocupada em investigar os processos de construção do conhecimento histórico, utilizando a epistemologia específica da História, a linha de pesquisa Educação Histórica, apresenta hoje uma possibilidade de se pensar a Didática da Histórica a partir da própria ciência de referência. No entanto, considerando o exposto, o presente estudo buscou, em seu constructo teórico, explicitar as relações entre as ciências pedagógicas e a própria Ciência da História na constituição de uma didática específica da História para os anos iniciais. Atendendo esta especificidade o presente estudo contou com uma investigação empírica que, a partir da abordagem metodológica denominada Análise de Conteúdo, procurou investigar em documentos oficiais quais concepções de ensino-aprendizagem balizaram sua construção. Deste estudo teórico e das análises de documentos oficiais nacionais, voltados para o Ensino de História, pode-se verificar alguns pressupostos e significados de uma Didática da História para os anos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental.

The present study investigated to what extent Turkish preservice elementary teachers’ orientations to teaching science could be explained by their epistemological beliefs, conceptions of learning, and approaches to learning science. The sample included 157 Turkish preservice elementary teachers. The four instruments used in the study were School Physics Teachers’ Conceptions of Teaching (Gao & Watkins, 2002), the Epistemic Belief Inventory (Schraw, Bendixen, & Dunkle, 2002), and the Conceptions of Learning Science and the Approaches to Learning Science questionnaires (Lee, Johanson, & Tsai, 2008). Step-wise multiple regression analyses indicated that the teachercentered/moulding orientation to teaching science was mostly predicted by unfruitful learning approaches, naive epistemological beliefs, and traditional learning conceptions in science. On the other hand, the student-centered/cultivating orientation to teaching science was mostly explained by constructivist learning conceptions in science. These findings suggest that epistemological beliefs, learning approaches, and learning conceptions are important factors in the genesis of conceptions of teaching science.

Modeling, exhibiting, and expressing the cognitive processes involved in writing has been demonstrated to be advantageous to students in terms of helping them develop their writing abilities. Research has shown that this is beneficial to the students. Demonstrating and describing the mental processes engaged during the act of writing is one of the numerous definitions that may be given for the term "modeling." Examining certain pedagogical features of teaching with models has gotten a far lower amount of attention and effort than other parts of this research. We present a paradigm for teaching thinking and writing models, which gives educators and researchers fresh insights into the modeling activity that is unique to several academic subjects. This paradigm may be applied to the teaching of thinking and writing models. This is the location of the paradigm in question. This may be completed by relying on previous English Language Arts research and using it in inquiry contexts relevant to social studies. This can be done by drawing on previous research carried out in English Language Arts. In this piece, we will discuss the instructional approach we have built for teaching writing and thinking models, and we will focus on how we use it. The investigation that was carried out in English Language Arts was utilized in the process of constructing this framework. This structure considers three pedagogical approaches:demonstrating and explaining demonstrating and cooperating with students on constructing model texts using models as a teaching tool (either a tool or a book)
 The author then examines eleven instructional strategies; all focused on enabling training across various educational contexts and methods. This leads to the next section. In order to demonstrate how two distinct educators use these practices throughout all three modes of teaching, we analyze the data gathered over three years of social studies education and collect it over three years. The information was gathered during the duration of a student's first, second, and third years of study in the social sciences. By highlighting how disciplinary thinking and processes enable writing social studies arguments with sources, our goal is to demonstrate how students can actively engage in teaching writing by using models. Our goal is to show how students can actively engage in teaching writing in various ways. We will accomplish both goals by highlighting how disciplinary thinking and processes enable writing social studies arguments with sources. In addition to this, we take into account the role that the training is supposed to play in the completion of this assignment. Finally, we highlight the framework's potential to guide the work of academics and practitioners on writing instruction in various disciplinary contexts by demonstrating how writing instruction may be applied to address disciplinary ways of thinking in social studies. This is done to highlight the potential of the framework to guide the work of academics and practitioners on writing instruction in various disciplinary contexts. This illustrates that the framework may be used in various scenarios in different fields of study. As a result, we are in a position to emphasize the framework's potential for directing the work of academics and practitioners on writing education across various disciplinary contexts.

“Good luck on your first day as an assistant professor, Dr. Tanner! Have a great class!” On the wall above my desk, these words scream out from an otherwise encouraging note that is adorned with many exclamation points. This note has hung on my wall since my very first day as an Assistant Professor of Biology. As I was charging off to teach my first class, a senior faculty member who had been on my hiring committee slipped this note under my office door. In moments of pause years later, I still stare up at that note and breathe a sigh of relief that I had much more than luck to guide me on my first day as a college-level teacher. Although I continue to have much to learn—as all of us do no matter the number of years of teaching experience—I did arrive at the university with both formal and informal training in science education. I had had plenty of exposure to innovative pedagogical approaches, questioning strategies, and techniques for engaging diverse audiences in learning science. As a scientist educator, I had had the privilege of many years of collaboration with outstanding K–12 educators as well as a postdoctoral fellowship in science education. However, my training has been, to say the least, unconventional compared with that of my fellow junior faculty and unique in its preparation in regard to the teaching and learning of my discipline. It will not be news to anyone reading this article that university and college teaching is to a large extent a profession with no formal training. It’s startling but true that the majority of faculty members—and lecturers who often teach large numbers of students—have no formal training in the teaching and learning of their discipline. In fact, the hiring process in university science departments is structured primarily to evaluate a faculty candidate’s ability to be a productive researcher, with success measured in number of publications and magnitude of grant funds raised. Depending on the type of institution, for example, research university, state-level university, or liberal arts college, there may be a component of the faculty interview process that probes a candidate’s teaching ability, for example, requesting a statement of teaching philosophy and requiring the candidate to teach a sample lecture class. However, this sample lecture often screens for gross inadequacies, rather than looking for stellar innovations or pedagogical skills. This lack of formal, accredited training for university and college instructors stands in stark contrast to the requirements for a high school teacher who is charged with the education of students only a year junior to college freshmen. High school teachers in the United States must be credentialed as a secondary science teacher, demonstrate subject matter competency in every subject that they will be teaching, and must continually engage in professional development in the teaching and learning of their discipline throughout their career as a science teacher. With the 2002 federal No Child Left Behind legislation, the onus is upon each precollege science teacher to become “highly qualified” in terms of formal university-level training in science education. However, no such required professional training or measurable standards for teaching are required in institutions of higher education. Many policy documents have suggested standards of teaching practice in postsecondary science education (National Research Council, 1996, 1997; Siebert and McIntosh, 2001), but the extent of implementation of these ideals is unclear and has gone relatively unstudied, although national and regional accreditation boards do look at outcomes, asking colleges and universities to assess what their students have gained from four years of study at their institutions. Nonetheless, there is a striking reversal of accountability that happens when one crosses the precollege teaching to college-level teaching boundary (Table 1). During the K–12 school years, society expects K–12 teachers to be responsible for student learning. Salaries of teachers in many states are tied to student test scores, and poor student performance can potentially invoke penalties. At a college or university, several variables in the educational universe shift. Students are the ones responsible for learning. The evaluation and compensation of college-level teachers is not DOI: 10.1187/cbe.05–12–0132 Address correspondence to: Kimberly Tanner (kdtanner@sfsu.edu). CBE—Life Sciences Education Vol. 5, 1–6, Spring 2006

Historically, the field of middle-level education has taken it as a given that teachers of young adolescents should be specially prepared to teach in the middle grades, developing a teacher identity that centers around responding to and advocating for the age group above an identity as a subject area teacher. Defined broadly as teachers’ dynamic conceptualizations of themselves as educators and their related roles, decisions, and actions, teacher professional identity has garnered considerable attention in the research literature as a potential source of leverage in multiple dimensions of schooling, preservice teacher education and in-service teachers’ professional learning, and teachers’ professional lives. Teacher identity at the middle level is ideally grounded in a deep commitment to helping young adolescents realize their power and possibilities. While the literature on teacher identity development is well-established in some educational contexts, studies specifically examining the potentially unique developmental trajectory of teacher identity among middle-level educators remain limited. To address this gap, we conducted a review of the literature to address the question: what does the research say about middle-level teacher development and identity? Our review identified 26 relevant sources on middle-level teacher development and identity, published from 2015 through the first half of 2024, and yielded key ideas within three themes: (a) the development of teacher identity, (b) the intersectionality of teacher identity, and (c) critical consciousness, agency, and teacher identity. This review identifies both progress and gaps in the current literature, recognizes potential future directions for research on middle-level teacher identity, and offers possible implications for preservice and in-service middle-level teacher education.

Although Inquiry-Based Science Teaching (IBST) and the Nature of Science (NOS) are well documented as important aspects of teaching science subjects in schools, little research has been undertaken to understand how these aspects feature in secondary school science curricula in Tanzania. Thus, this study examined the extent to which IBST and NOS are featured in secondary school curriculum documents for science subjects. In addition, the challenges facing the integration of IBST and NOS in science teaching in Tanzanian secondary schools are highlighted. By analysing five curriculum documents and the Basic Education Statistics in Tanzania, the study established that IBST and NOS are neither formally recognised as important aspects of science education, nor given due attention in curriculum documents. Moreover, a lack of coherence among various elements of the curriculum, which can affect the integration of IBST and NOS, was observed. Finally, it was established that several challenges such as larger class sizes, insufficient time allocation and overemphasis on content coverage need to be addressed so that IBST and NOS could be fully integrated into science teaching in Tanzania. The study does not only highlight the theoretical trends related to IBST and NOS, but also discusses their theoretical and practical implications for science teaching.