Conceptualising airport-centric energy systems

A circular economy world action plan has been assumed to support sustainability and circular product design in the most intensive sectors such as construction, textiles, plastics, and electronics. A transition to a more circular economy is essential to improve the future quality of life. This chapter discusses how the circular economy offers an excellent opportunity to reinvent the economical paradigms, making them more sustainable and competitive. In this scope, energy companies must systematically pursue their transition to affordable, reliable, and more sustainable energy and set ambitious targets in terms of reducing CO 2 emissions. In the following, different energy generation and storage systems are presented and their perspectives and contributions to a sustainable future are discussed. The increasing use of renewable energy generation and energy storage systems brings new perspectives and represents an essential contribution to a sustainable approach. Further, new affordable recycling technologies for raw materials recovery, new ecodesigns, and reutilization by second use are some of the necessary procedures to be considered for an environmentally friendlier and sustainable future.

Renewable energy is currently the main direction of development of electric power. Because of its own characteristics, the reliability of renewable energy generation is low. Renewable energy generation system needs lots of energy conversion devices which are made of power electronic devices. Too much power electronic components can damage power quality in microgrid. High Frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is an effective way to solve the problems of renewable energy generation system. Transmitting electricity by means of HFAC is a novel idea in microgrid. Although the HFAC will cause more loss of power, it can improve the power quality in microgrid. HFAC can also reduce the impact of fluctuations of renewable energy in microgrid. This paper mainly simulates the HFAC with Matlab/Simulink and analyzes the feasibility of HFAC in microgrid.

Integration of renewable energy generation and storage systems for emissions reduction in an islanded campus microgrid

As part of the transition to an energy system with 100% renewable generation, renewable energy power plants must increasingly take over responsibility for system stability. A key element in ensuring system stability is grid forming control of generation and storage units. In Germany, scenarios predict a significant expansion of renewable energy generation and storage systems in distribution networks. Integration of grid-forming systems into distribution networks raises several open questions, among them are power system oscillations and temporary island operation: Grid forming inverters may unintentionally lead to oscillation issues like those found in traditional transmission systems. A study reveals that as the level of virtual inertia in the distribution grid increases, these oscillations may become more pronounced which highlights the importance of implementing effective damping measures. Temporary island operation: In principle, grid-forming inverters enable the stable continued operation of critical sub-grids after a fault-related disconnection from the supply grid. Both disconnection and interception of the grid, as well as resynchronization and reconnection of the sub-grid with active generators and consumers are simulated in a series of laboratory tests and the basic suitability of this technology and the necessary requirements for this application are explained.

Asymmetric supercapacitor comprising a core-shell TiNb2O7@MoS2/C anode and a high voltage ionogel electrolyte

Information/Communication Technologies (ICT) and control has been focal research areas contributing in grid modernization. It enabled the concept of home energy automation solutions by providing control to home assets according to local renewable energy generation and storage systems, providing decentralized control for smart homes also termed as prosumers energy systems. To attain such controls, efficient Demand Side Management (DSM) and Demand Response (DR) approaches are required in energy prosumer units. This paper investigate these efficient approaches by deploying price based DSM as real time Genetic Algorithm based optimal load scheduler. It provides real time control to home appliances according to grid price, renewable energy generation and local energy storage. To develop optimal load scheduler Model Centric Development (MCD) approach is used and simulation environment is established using simulator coupling.

A microgrid (MG) is a discrete energy system consisting of an interconnection of distributed energy sources and loads capable of operating in parallel with or independently from the main power grid. The microgrid concept integrated with renewable energy generation and energy storage systems has gained significant interest recently, triggered by increasing demand for clean, efficient, secure, reliable and sustainable heat and electricity. However, the concept of efficient integration of energy storage systems faces many challenges (e.g., charging, discharging, safety, size, cost, reliability and overall management). Additionally, proper implementation and justification of these technologies in MGs cannot be done without energy management systems, which control various aspects of power management and operation of energy storage systems in microgrids. This review discusses different energy storage technologies that can have high penetration and integration in microgrids. Moreover, their working operations and characteristics are discussed. An overview of the controls of energy management systems for microgrids with distributed energy storage systems is also included in the scope of this review.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationships between environmental leadership (EL), eco-design (ED) and the environmental, social and economic sustainability pillars in the food manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a mixed-method approach, combining interviews and a survey. Data were gathered from 141 managers of Palestinian food manufacturing firms. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings The authors found that EL has a positive impact on sustainable organisational performance (SOP) and ED. ED impacts the environmental and economic performance, but does not impact social performance (SP). The findings confirm the mediating effects of ED in achieving financial and environmental goals. By contrast, the role of ED as a mediator in the relationship between EL and SP is not significant, indicating that ED practices in the Palestinian food industry remain in the early stages of development. Research limitations/implications This paper advances our understanding of green leadership and practices in developing countries, especially in the food manufacturing sector. The study’s limitation—its usage of a specific geographic location (the West Bank region)—may affect how widely the results may be applied. Originality/value This study provides new insights into sustainable practices in developing countries, as the literature indicates that no previous studies have examined the relationships between EL, ED and SOP in Palestine. This study applies the natural resource-based view (NRBV) theory and the stakeholder theory to provide a deeper understanding of how ED influences the relationship between EL and SOP.

Starting from the hypothesis that the objectives of policymakers should encompass not only economic performance but also the overall wellbeing of individuals, the paper presents a model to examine the effects of a multidimensional objective of policymakers with respect to the composition of educational expenditure. The results show that a positive relation between economic performance and social progress considerations occurs when policymakers have strong preferences for collective goals. With more selfish policymakers, who have an interest in privately profitable activities, lower levels of economic performance emerge if social progress considerations are introduced in the objective function. Furthermore, wellbeing considerations are particularly effective in fostering economic performance where human capital productivity is lower and/or higher budgets are devoted to education.

This paper proposed a unified power compensation (UPC) system by using a cascaded inverter plus DC/DC boost converters as the interfacing circuit between the high voltage level power grid and the battery storage systems in order to both compensate the real power fluctuation produced from the renewable energy generation systems and provide the reactive power compensation capability without shortening the battery life cycle when needed. The proposed system can manage the state-of-charges (SOCs) of batteries to be equal to avoid the overcharge or overdischarge of single battery stack. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltages of all H-bridge modules assumed in the cascaded inverter can be easily controlled to be equal also under the condition of producing/absorbing real or reactive power. The multifold operation will assist the renewable energy generation systems to be the grid friendly power sources.

This paper explores the economic viability of renewable energy microgrids in remote regions, focusing on their potential to provide reliable and sustainable energy solutions. Renewable energy microgrids, which integrate sources such as solar and wind power with advanced energy storage, offer a promising alternative to traditional energy systems, particularly for regions that lack access to conventional power grids. Remote regions often face significant challenges in accessing reliable and affordable energy. The dependence on diesel generators leads to high operational costs and environmental concerns. Renewable energy microgrids present an innovative solution to these issues by harnessing locally available renewable resources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and providing consistent energy supply. The assessment involves analyzing initial capital investment and operational costs, comparing the economic performance of renewable microgrids against conventional energy systems, evaluating environmental and social benefits, and reviewing government policies, incentives, and regulatory frameworks that impact the deployment of microgrids. Data is gathered from case studies, existing projects, academic research, and industry reports to develop economic models and scenarios for analysis. While the initial setup cost for renewable microgrids is relatively high, advancements in technology and increased production scale are driving costs down. Significant savings are achieved over time through reduced fuel and maintenance expenses compared to diesel generators. Microgrids can achieve a favorable return on investment (ROI) within 5-10 years, contingent upon local conditions and system scale. Adoption of renewable microgrids leads to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, supporting global climate goals. Improved energy reliability enhances the quality of life, supports economic development, and promotes social welfare in remote communities. Effective policies, subsidies, and incentives are crucial for reducing financial barriers and encouraging investment in renewable microgrids. Establishing clear and supportive regulatory environments is essential for the successful integration and scalability of microgrid systems. Despite the promising outlook, several challenges remain. The significant upfront investment required for microgrid infrastructure is a major hurdle. The lack of technical skills for installation, operation, and maintenance in remote regions can hinder successful deployment. Additionally, variability in local renewable resources like solar and wind can affect the reliability and performance of microgrids. To overcome these challenges, it is recommended to focus on reducing costs through technological advancements and enhancing local capacity through training and education. Developing policies and incentives that support renewable energy projects and reduce financial barriers is also essential. Engaging local communities in the planning and implementation process ensures the systems meet their needs and gain local support. Renewable energy microgrids are economically viable and environmentally sustainable solutions for providing reliable energy in remote regions. Despite initial cost challenges, the long-term benefits, including operational savings, emission reductions, and enhanced energy access, make them a compelling option. With strategic investments, supportive policies, and community involvement, renewable microgrids can significantly transform energy access and drive sustainable development in remote areas. Keywords: Economic Viability, Microgrinds, Sustainability, Energy, Nigeria.

As electrical power operations tend to be smart grid with strong penetration of renewable energy resources, the evolution of operational technology brings on board another dimension of vulnerabilities with the participation of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Thus, it becomes essential to perform technical risk assessment and CPS prognosis to envisage the integrity of the system's operational resilience. The communication network elements such as cyber signal transmission, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the internet of things (IoTs) converges as a superhighway hub. This seeks to improve on network operations for efficient power delivery of distributed energy resources (DERs) integration grid. It then demands system configuration to be firewalled to avoid operational intrusions and malfunctions. The paper examines the technical threats involved in the paradigm of schemes and mitigation strategies. The areas of study are the vulnerabilities of the DERs integration with CPS, WSNs and IoTs layers. The risk aversion strategies of DERs integration with CPS are also discussed. The study aims to ascertain the intrusion level and responses of the integrated DERs grid in terms of power management. The paper's objective is to present an overview of current developments in the integrated cyber-power systems evolution and the implementation strategies with DERs.

Analyzing the research subjects and hot topics of power system reliability through the Web of Science from 1991 to 2015

The reliability of national energy systems depends heavily on the robustness, security, and efficiency of supply chain operations that support generation, transmission, distribution, and maintenance of critical infrastructure. Traditional supply chain systems often face challenges such as fragmented workflows, limited visibility, delayed risk detection, and susceptibility to cyber and operational disruptions, which can compromise energy reliability and sectoral resilience. This study proposes a Framework for Secure and Scalable Supply Chain Systems Supporting National Energy Reliability, integrating digital technologies, governance protocols, and predictive analytics to enhance operational continuity, risk management, and compliance. The framework emphasizes a layered architecture that combines enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM) platforms, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices to provide end-to-end visibility and real-time monitoring of procurement, logistics, asset management, and supplier performance. Predictive analytics are embedded to forecast demand, anticipate supply disruptions, and optimize inventory and resource allocation. Standardized workflows and automated governance mechanisms ensure adherence to organizational policies, regulatory requirements, and security protocols, while audit trails and performance dashboards facilitate transparency, accountability, and continuous improvement. Scenario-based risk analysis supports contingency planning and operational resilience, enabling energy operators to respond proactively to both routine challenges and emergent threats. The framework is designed to be scalable, adaptable across multiple energy sectors including electricity, oil and gas, and renewable energy and capable of integration with legacy systems as well as emerging digital technologies. Its application supports enhanced energy reliability, operational efficiency, cost optimization, and strategic decision-making, while simultaneously addressing cybersecurity and regulatory compliance concerns. Furthermore, the framework provides a foundation for continuous monitoring, data-driven governance, and long-term infrastructure sustainability, making it particularly relevant for national energy systems facing increasing operational complexity, technological integration, and security demands. By combining digital innovation, predictive intelligence, and standardized governance, this framework offers a comprehensive and practical solution to strengthening the resilience, security, and efficiency of energy supply chains, ultimately supporting national energy reliability and long-term strategic sustainability.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations have become central to infrastructure finance as investors, governments, and communities increasingly demand sustainable outcomes alongside stable long-term returns. This paper develops a conceptual framework for integrating ESG principles, sustainability objectives, and long-term value creation within infrastructure finance decision-making. The framework responds to persistent challenges associated with capital-intensive assets, extended project lifecycles, regulatory complexity, and growing exposure to social and environmental risks. The proposed framework is structured around four interconnected pillars: ESG-aligned capital allocation, sustainability-integrated risk assessment, long-term value optimization, and adaptive governance and monitoring. ESG-aligned capital allocation embeds environmental stewardship, social inclusion, and governance quality into project selection and funding prioritization processes. Sustainability-integrated risk assessment expands conventional financial risk analysis to incorporate climate transition risk, physical climate impacts, social license to operate, and governance effectiveness. Long-term value optimization emphasizes lifecycle-based performance evaluation, recognizing that infrastructure assets generate value through operational resilience, service reliability, and societal benefits beyond short-term financial metrics. Adaptive governance and monitoring ensure continuous performance tracking, transparency, and accountability, enabling dynamic adjustment of investment strategies as regulatory, technological, and stakeholder conditions evolve. By positioning ESG and sustainability as core value drivers rather than external constraints, the framework reframes infrastructure finance as a strategic tool for achieving durable economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The framework also highlights the role of institutional investors, development finance institutions, and policymakers in aligning incentives, standards, and reporting mechanisms to support sustainable infrastructure development. Conceptually, the study contributes to the infrastructure finance literature by integrating ESG theory with long-term value creation and investment governance perspectives. Practically, it offers a structured decision-support approach for evaluating infrastructure investments across diverse sectors and geographies. The framework is intentionally flexible, allowing adaptation to varying regulatory contexts, financing structures, and investor risk appetites. It further provides a foundation for future empirical research, quantitative modeling, and scenario analysis examining the financial materiality of ESG integration in infrastructure portfolios, particularly under conditions of climate uncertainty, demographic change, and accelerated sustainability transitions. These insights collectively support more resilient infrastructure financing models capable of balancing profitability, responsibility, and intergenerational value creation worldwide across diverse economic systems.