CONFIDENCE dissemination meeting: Summary on the scenario-based workshop

Nuclear off-site emergency response for nuclear power plants in Guangdong province is a complicated process, which is finished by many emergency response organizations. In a nuclear emergency, the source, format, content, take-over means and processing means of the information passed among these organizations are different. The aim of nuclear emergency response is to protect public and environment by taking some proper urgent protective action. The essential information from the original information is necessary for decision-making in the processing of nuclear response emergency, thus the key of emergency response is incepting and analyzing the information. An effective method of processing information is using a computer-based information system to aid the traditional handwork means. Nuclear Emergency management Information System in Guangdong Province is such systems, which covers preparedness, response and recover phase. At first, this paper analyzed the system functions according to the responsibilities of the emergency organizations in Guangdong province. Then the system frame is decided, which is composed of operation, information management, file processing, consequence assessment, operational intervention level (OIL) computing subsystem, geographic information system and a system database. A useful method for decision is applying the OILs in consequence assessment, and default OILs need be revised in a real nuclear emergency. Developing OIL computing subsystem is helpful to make decision with measurement result directly.

Each of the nuclear power plants in the US is encircled by an Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Within each EPZ, government officials, utility professionals, emergency managers, and public health practitioners collectively conduct extensive planning, exercises, and outreach to better protect their communities in the event of a nuclear accident. Our objective was to conduct a cross-sectional study of off-site public health preparedness within EPZs to better understand the dynamics of nuclear preparedness and uncover lessons for all-hazards preparedness. Using a qualitative, interview-based method, we consulted 120 county emergency managers, state health preparedness officers, state radiation health officials, and industry officials from 17 EPZs in ten different states. Interviewees reflected that EPZ emergency preparedness is generally robust, results from strong public-private partnership between nuclear plants and emergency management agencies, and enhances all-hazard preparedness. However, there exist a few areas which merit further study and improvement. These areas include cross-state coordination, digital public communication, and optimizing the level of public education within EPZs. This first-of-its-kind study provides a cross-sectional snapshot of emergency preparedness in the 10-mile EPZ surrounding nuclear power plants.

Purpose: This community service activity aims to improve literacy and digital-based financial recording skills among women entrepreneurs in Padanglampe Village, especially Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) members who still rely on manual recording. The program is designed to provide ongoing education, introduce relevant digital finance applications, and offer assistance and consultation on their use. Research Design and Methodology: The activities were conducted through presentations on basic accounting materials, training on digital financial recording, demonstrations of the BukuWarung application and similar applications, and interactive discussion sessions. The approach used was socialization, hands-on practice, and participatory mentoring, actively involving partners throughout the entire process. Findings and Discussion: The results of the activity showed an increase in partners' knowledge of digital financial recording concepts and ease of use of smartphone-based financial recording applications. Partners also gained a greater understanding of basic accounting and financial recording, and a greater awareness of the importance of consistent financial recording. The participants' enthusiasm was evident in their active involvement in question-and-answer sessions, discussions, and the practical use of the application. Implications: This activity provides practical benefits for women entrepreneurs, especially in improving the efficiency of digital-based business financial management. The program also opens up opportunities for developing basic accounting consulting services and sustainable digital recording for rural communities.

Overview of Systematic Reviews of Advance Care Planning: Summary of Evidence and Global Lessons

The seminar with the theme "The Utilization of Social Media for Business Promotion in the Digital Economy Era" was held as part of the Teaching Assistance Group Work Program of SMAN 5 Mataram in 2025. This seminar aims to provide students with an understanding of opportunities and strategies for the use of social media as a means of business promotion in facing the development of the digital economy. Participants in the activity are student representatives from classes X to XII. The implementation of the seminar was carried out through the delivery of material using presentation media and interactive discussion sessions. The results of the activity showed that participants gained insight into how to find business ideas in the digital era, basic strategies to promote products through social media, as well as challenges and solutions in the digital promotion process. This activity is expected to increase students' digital literacy, foster entrepreneurial interest, and motivate the younger generation to utilize technology productively towards a Golden Indonesia 2045.

A graph representation model for radiation exposure prediction and path-planning in nuclear power plants

Monitoring of the release of 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Am, 242Cm, and 244Cm in the airborne effluents from Czech and Slovak nuclear power plants

Due to high safety standards at nuclear power plants, no experience exits with nuclear emergencies in Western Europe. Thus, emergency exercises are the only possibility to assure effective protective measures should the very unlikely severe accident occur. The main objectives of exercises are generally the check of response plans for suitability, the test of the equipment's applicability and training of personnel for the unusual task to manage a nuclear emergency. After an introduction into the different types of exercises, this contribution focuses on off-site nuclear emergency exercises, explaining frame conditions to ensure good practice and, finally, reports some experience from exercises.

Evacuation after a nuclear accident: Critical reviews of past nuclear accidents and proposal for future planning

Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) is effective for preventing childhood thyroid cancer when radioactive iodine is released into the environment during a nuclear power plant accident. Japan employs the pre-distribution of stable iodine (PDSI) to residents living near nuclear power plants; however, the number of residents who have actually received stable iodine to date remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of guardians of children living around the Genkai Nuclear Power Plant (GNPP) in Japan. We distributed self-administered questionnaires regarding perception of risks associated with administration of stable iodide to approximated 400 guardians of children aged 0–6 in 10 kindergartens located in four municipalities. We obtained responses from 286 guardians, and after excluding invalid responses, 247 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that living within 5 km of the GNPP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.43–8.24), awareness of preferential implementation of ITB to children (OR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.78–6.22), and awareness of the prophylaxis booklet published by the local government (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.37–4.68) were independently associated with PDSI for children. The main reasons for not receiving PDSI were “anxiety about the side effects of stable iodine” (40.2%), “distrust of the effectiveness of SI” (23.5%), “complicated procedures for receiving stable iodine” (15.7%) and “missed the date for receiving stable iodine” (8.8%). In the case of ITB implementation during a nuclear emergency, it is necessary to clarify the risk perceptions of guardians and adapt risk communication accordingly.

On 7 November 1996, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) initiated a series of international nuclear emergency exercises (INEX-2) involving specific Member country nuclear facilities. The first of these exercises is to be conducted in conjunction with a regional exercise (FORTUNA) in Switzerland and south-western Germany. The sponsorship of such exercises by the OECD/NEA started in 1993 with INEX-1.

Four types of surveillance programs were (are) realized in Slovak NPP’s: • “Standard Surveillance Specimen Program” (SSSP) was finished in Jaslovske´ Bohunice V-2 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Units 3 and 4; • “Extended Surveillance Specimen Program” (ESSP), was prepared for Jaslovske´ Bohunice NPP V-2 with aim to validate the SSSP results; • For the Mochovce NPP Unit 1 and 2 was prepared completely new surveillance program “Modern Surveillance Specimen Program” (MSSP), based on the philosophy that the results of MSSP must be available during all NPP service life; • For the Bohunice V-1 NPP was finished “New Surveillance Specimen Program” (NSSP) coordinated by IAEA, which gave arguments for prolongation of service life these units for minimum 20 years; • New Advanced Surveillance Specimen Program (ASSP) for Bohunice V-2 NPP (units 3 and 4) and Mochovce NPP (units 1, 2) is approved now. ASSP is dealing with the irradiation embrittlement of heat affected zone (HAZ) and RPV’s austenitic cladding, which were not evaluated till this time in surveillance programs. SSSP started in 1979 and was finished in 1990. ESSP program started in 1995 and will be finished in 2007, was prepared with aim of: • increasing of neutron fluence measurement accuracy; • substantial improvement the irradiation temperature measurement; • fixed orientation of samples to the centre of the reactor core; • minimum differences of neutron dose for all the Charpy-V notch and COD specimens; • the dose rate effect evaluation. In the year 1996 was started the new surveillance specimen program for the Mochovce RPV’s unit-1 and 2, based on the fundamental postulate — to provide the irradiation embrittlement monitoring till the end of units operation. The “New Surveillance Specimen Program” (NSSP) prepared in the year 1999 for the Bohunice V-1 NPP was finished in the year 2004. Main goal of this program was to evaluate the weld material properties degradation due to the irradiation and recovery efficiency by annealing too. The results showed us that the NPP V-1 RPV’s can be operated without any technical limitation for minimum next 20 years. Advanced Surveillance Specimen Program (ASSP) for Bohunice V-2 NPP (units 3 and 4) and Mochovce NPP (units 1 and 2) was prepared as the part of research project dealing with the WWER-440 units ageing management.

As part of the ongoing efforts at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program, Idaho National Laboratory is conducting several research projects in collaboration with the nuclear industry to improve the reliability, safety, and economics of the nuclear power industry, especially as the nuclear power plants extend their operating licenses to 80 years. One of these projects is the automated work package (AWP) project. An AWP is an electronic intelligent and interactive work package. It uses plant condition, resources status, and user progress to adaptively drive the work process in a manner that increases efficiency while reducing human error. To achieve this mission, the AWP acquires information from various systems of a nuclear power plant and incorporates several advanced instrumentation and control technologies along with modern human factors techniques.With the current rapid technological advancement, it is possible to envision several available or soon-to-be-available capabilities that can play a significant role in improving the work package process. As a pilot project, the AWP project develops a prototype of an expanding set of capabilities and evaluates them in an industrial environment. While some of the proposed capabilities are based on using technological advances in other applications, others are conceptual; thus, they require significant research and development to be applicable in an AWP. The scope of this paper is to introduce a set of envisioned capabilities, their need for the industry, and the industry difficulties they resolve.

Improving evaluation criteria for monitoring networks of weak radioactive plumes after nuclear emergencies

An international team of experts conducted a detailed operational review at the Volgodonsk nuclear power plant. The review was the first mission by an International Atomic Energy Agency Operational Safety Review Team to Russia in over a decade. The author reviewed the emergency preparedness program in detail. Emergency preparedness professionals in the West are largely unfamiliar with Russian nuclear plant emergency preparedness programs, and the legacy of Chernobyl may leave some doubt as to their efficacy. This article describes the program in some detail and compares some elements to programs in the United States. The author was favorably impressed with the state of nuclear plant emergency preparedness in the Russian Federation and identified program elements that should be considered for implementation elsewhere.