Confronting Pediatric Weight-Based Cybervictimization: Time for Action.

Orgasm coercion involves pressuring a partner to orgasm by implying that not orgasming will have negative consequences. In the present study, we used mixed methods to explore (1) how various individual and contextual factors-i.e., frequency of orgasm coercion, orgasm frequency, gender/sex, sexual identity, the orgasm coercion tactics used, and perceptions of the perpetrator's intention-affect relationship and psychological outcomes associated with orgasm coercion, and (2) how different individuals characterize these outcomes. Cisgender women, cisgender men, and gender/sex minority participants (N = 308, M age = 30.44years, SD = 8.16) described the most recent encounter in which they experienced orgasm coercion and then rated and described the positive and negative relationship and psychological outcomes associated with the incident. Quantitative results showed that the following predicted significantly higher negative relationship and psychological outcomes: a higher frequency of experiencing orgasm coercion, lower frequency of orgasming with partners in general, and experiencing orgasm coercion via physical or emotional threats. Believing that the perpetrator was motivated by altruism or social pressures mitigated these effects. And, experiencing orgasm coercion via implied fault predicted significantly higher negative relationship outcomes only for cisgender women. Additionally, being a sexual minority predicted higher negative relationship (but not psychological) outcomes, whereas being a gender/sex minority predicted higher negative psychological (but not relationship) outcomes. Qualitative results showed that relationship and psychological outcomes varied; for example, participants discussed making a partner happy, disappointment with their partner's behaviors, ending the relationship, and lasting feelings of anxiety, guilt, and abuse. Together, findings offer new insights into how orgasm coercion affects those who experience it.

Parents' differentiation has been linked to negative psychological and behavioral outcomes in children, adolescents, and young adults. This line of research, however, has not been extended to families in later life. In this article, we use data from 671 mother-child dyads in 275 families in the greater Boston area to explore whether mothers' differentiation among their children is related to psychological well-being among offspring. We examined actual and perceived maternal differentiation in the domains of closeness, expectations for care, and conflict. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be higher when mothers differentiated among their children and when adult children perceived differentiation. Although the specific patterns varied somewhat by mothers' and children's reports, the findings indicated that across all three domains, maternal differentiation was related to higher depression scores.

BackgroundPediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization places children at increased risk of persistent psychological and behavioral difficulties following discharge. Despite tremendous advances in medical technology and treatment regimes, approximately 25% of children demonstrate negative psychological and behavioral outcomes within the first year post-discharge. It is imperative that a broader array of risk factors and outcome indicators be explored in examining long-term psychological morbidity to identify areas for future health promotion and clinical intervention. This study aims to examine psychological and behavioral responses in children aged 3 to 12 years over a three year period following PICU hospitalization, and compare them to children who have undergone ear, nose and/or throat (ENT) day surgery.Methods/DesignThis mixed-methods prospective cohort study will enrol 220 children aged 3 to 12 years during PICU hospitalization (study group, n = 110) and ENT day surgery hospitalization (comparison group, n = 110). Participants will be recruited from 3 Canadian pediatric hospitals, and followed for 3 years with data collection points at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years post-discharge. Psychological and behavioral characteristics of the child, and parent anxiety and parenting stress, will be assessed prior to hospital discharge, and again at each of the 5 subsequent time points, using standardized measures. Psychological and behavioral response scores for both groups will be compared at each follow-up time point. Multivariate regression analysis will be used to adjust for demographic and clinical variables at baseline. To explore baseline factors predictive of poor psychological and behavioral scores at 3 years among PICU patients, correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression will be used. A subgroup of 40 parents of study group children will be interviewed at years 1 and 3 post-discharge to explore their perceptions of the impact of PICU hospitalization on their children and enhance our understanding of findings generated from standardized measures in the larger cohort study. An interpretive descriptive approach will guide qualitative data collection and analysis.DiscussionThis study aims to generate new information regarding the magnitude and duration of psychological and behavioral disturbances among children admitted to PICUs, potentially leading to remedial or preventive interventions.

Substance abuse is a pervasive issue affecting Canadian families, and a substantial number of children are impacted by alcohol or drug abusing parents. Children exposed to parental substance misuse are at increased risk for negative psychological, emotional, developmental, and behavioural outcomes, and a substantial proportion will go on to experience substance use issues later in life. Early intervention is key to providing support for these children and ultimately disrupting the family cycle of addiction. However, few family-based programs for children of substance abusing families are reported in the literature and information on program theory is lacking. A 2-study dissertation was conducted in order to address these gaps. First, a realist review study was undertaken to systematically review existing evaluations of family-based interventions aimed at improving psychosocial outcomes for children of substance abusing parents. A systematic search of academic and grey literature uncovered over 30 documents spanning 7 different intervention programs. Data were extracted on contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes for each program. Four demi-regularities, or patterns of program functioning, were found to account for the effectiveness of programs included in this review: 1) opportunities for positive parent-child interactions, 2) supportive peer-to-peer relationships, 3) the power of knowledge, and 4) engaging hard to reach families using strategies that are responsive to socio-economic needs and matching services to client lived experience. Second, a program evaluation of the Renascent Children’s Program was conducted in order to determine effective implementation and program outcomes for participating children and parents. A repeated measures, mixed methods design was used with 19 families (26 parents and 26 children) who enrolled in the program over a 16 month period. Results indicate that the Children’s Program yields significant improvements in child emotional and depressive symptoms, child conduct behaviours, parenting skills, parent emotion regulation, family functioning, and family communication. High levels of implementation fidelity were also found. These two dissertation studies shed light on theoretical process of family-based interventions for children of substance abusing parents and provide preliminary evidence of effectiveness of the Children’s Program.

Background Video games have become a primary source of entertainment for adolescents worldwide due to the widespread integration of digital technology into daily life. Excessive gaming has emerged as a public health concern, as poor control over gaming behavior may lead to negative psychological and behavioral outcomes. This study aimed to assess gaming disorder among adolescents and examine its relationship with callous–unemotional (CU) traits and self-regulation. Adolescents were assessed using the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU), the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ), and the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GAD) to measure CU traits, self-regulation capacity, and video game addiction, respectively. Results Video game addiction scores indicated a moderate level of addictive tendencies (59.84 ± 21.17), with salience and relapse being the most prominent dimensions. Participants demonstrated generally adequate self-regulation (207.82 ± 25.11). CU traits were expressed at a moderate level overall (29.09 ± 8.66), with the unemotional dimension showing the highest scores. Significant negative correlations were found between gaming-related withdrawal and conflict with the self-regulation domain of formulating a plan. Total CU traits were positively correlated with all dimensions of video game addiction (r = 0.216 – 0.457, p < 0.01). Conclusions Callous–unemotional traits are significantly associated with video game addiction among adolescents. Regarding self-regulation, only formulating a plan was negatively correlated with conflict and withdrawal dimension of gaming addiction. Regression analysis identified callousness as a significant positive predictor of video game addiction.

Television crime dramas and shows are very popular all over the world. This popularity is not bound to a certain age group, rather all the TV viewers like these shows very much. Like other countries, dozens of TV channels are telecasting these crime shows in Pakistan. Furthermore, few of the channels telecast crime shows at prime time which attests the popularity of such genre. Some of the media contents behave in morally disputed ways. The crime depictions as re-enactments of TV crime shows are questionable in the field of research signifying diverse cultural contexts. A large number of people are habitual to watch these shows, which may probably come out with negative behavioural outcomes. Especially the children who are at their behavioural developmental phase; are more susceptible to adopt negative behavioural leanings. In this research effort, introduction and detail of TV crime shows in Pakistan are provided, the literature concerning “media as risk factor“ in children development is discussed, and relevant theories inferences are deliberated.it was found that media has powerful role in behaviour formulating of children and violence media portrayal (TV crime shows) may appear with grave concerns. Previous scientific literature was reviewed to find and discuss the problem in hand. In the research effort, the literature review provides research propositions to explore further dimensions to TV crime shows’ effects and possible negative or positive behavioural outcomes in children behaviour.

Background: Children who have sustained severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) demonstrate a range of post-injury neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae, which may have adverse effects on their academic and behavioral outcomes and interfere with school re-entry, educational progress, and quality of life. These post-TBI sequelae are exacerbated within the context of a resource-poor country like South Africa (SA) where the education system is in a somewhat precarious state especially for those from disadvantaged backgrounds.Objectives: To describe behavioral and academic outcomes of a group of school-aged SA children following severe TBI.Methods: The sample included 27 school-age children who were admitted to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RXH), SA, between 2006 and 2011 for closed severe TBI and who received intracranial monitoring. We collected behavioral data using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and academic information sourced from the BRIEF, CBCL, medical folders, and caregivers. Analyses include descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation matrices.Results: The descriptive results show that (1) more than half of the participants experienced clinically-significant behavioral problems across the CBCL scales, (2) the working memory BRIEF subscale appeared to be the most problematic subdomain, (3) two thirds of the sample were receiving some form of, or were in the process of being placed in, special needs education, (4) there was a three-fold increase in the use of special education services from pre- to post-injury, and (5) more than half (n = 16) of the sample repeated at least one grade after returning to school post-injury. Correlation analyses results suggest that children with increased externalizing behavioral problems and executive dysfunction are more likely to repeat a grade post-injury; and that children with executive dysfunction post-TBI are more likely to require some form of special educational services.Conclusion: While there is a vast amount of literature on pediatric TBI (pTBI) academic and behavioral outcomes, little literature exists on the pTBI population from the developing world and SA specifically. This is important to address given unique challenges that face the country and its educational system, and its implications for the management and care of children post-TBI.

Considering Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Framework.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine customers’ behavioural outcomes based on the actual attitudinal responses of mobile marketing initiatives. Design/methodology/approach A total of 764 usable responses was included through a non-probability convenient sampling method. The data used in the study gathered from mobile users of 37 cities from nine states across India. The analysis of moment structures 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical programmes were used for measurement validation and to test the structural model. Findings The study indicated that mobile marketing had a more significant effect on customers’ negative attitudes and followed by on positive attitudes. Despite the strong significant effect on customers’ negative attitudes, it does not display more significant effect on negative behavioural outcomes. Finally, the study suggested that customers’ positive attitudes display more favourable behavioural outcomes of mobile marketing initiatives. Practical implications The paper would help the mobile marketers and advertisers to understand the impact of mobile marketing initiatives on customers’ attitudes and behavioural outcomes and how it can be managed to ensure the higher level of adoption and acceptance. Originality/value The results of the analysis indicated that when the users have favourable attitudes of mobile marketing initiatives, it can be highly effective in triggering of favourable behavioural outcomes.

Rural families’ use of multiple child care arrangements from 6 to 58 months and children’s kindergarten behavioral and academic outcomes

Parenting practices and adolescent social anxiety: A direct or indirect relationship?

Correspondence on “Ensuring best practice in genomics education and evaluation: Reporting item standards for education and its evaluation in genomics (RISE2 Genomics)” by Nisselle et al

Health sciences education involves intensive theoretical and clinical training that can expose students to psychological and physiological stressors, potentially affecting their well-being and academic success. Music may help mitigate these challenges. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music interventions across psychological, physiological, and academic outcomes in health sciences students. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in nine databases up to August 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled and controlled clinical trials comparing music interventions with control group were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan (version 5.4). Thirty-four studies (n = 2841) were included, mostly nursing (n = 24), medical (n = 7), dental (n = 2), and midwifery (n = 1) students. Meta-analyses demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety (SMD = - 0.48, 95% CI [- 0.72, - 0.23]; p = 0.001), depression (SMD = - 1.00, 95% CI [- 1.95, - 0.04]; p = 0.040), and vital signs, including systolic blood pressure (MD = - 7.15, 95% CI [- 9.64, - 4.66]; p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (MD = - 3.72, 95% CI [- 5.53, - 1.91]; p = 0.050), and pulse rate (MD = - 3.77, 95% CI [- 7.46, - 0.07]; p = 0.050). No significant effects were found for stress, self-efficacy, sleep quality, pain, or academic performance. Music interventions effectively improve emotional well-being and autonomic regulation among health sciences students. Although their effects on academic or behavioral outcomes remain inconclusive, music represents a simple and safe approach to enhance psychological resilience in educational environments. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD420251150104).

Background: The gestational environment influences longer-term child developmental outcomes. Various studies have been conducted to determine a correlation between prenatal stress and offspring behavioural outcomes. The objectives of this study is to review current literature relating prenatal exposure to different types of stress, including psychological (anxiety, perceived stress) and acute (adverse life events), to offspring behavioural outcomes. Methods: Since a significant body of literature exists on this topic, it was important to systematically review evidence found using online databases such as MEDLINE and Pubmed. Articles were selected based on language, if they were published after 2002, sample size, methodology, whether or not they were in a peer-reviewed journal, and the nature of the stressor - this review considers both acute and psychological stress. Results: More genetically informed studies should first take place before causation can be determined, but there is indubitably a relationship between prenatal stress and negative child behavioural outcomes. Conclusion: There is ample evidence of an association between maternal stress during gestation and negative offspring behavioural outcomes although a clear causative relationship cannot be established. The mechanism by which psychological stress affects behavioural outcomes are not fully known and more research could be done in future.

This review examines the impact of digital media exposure on adolescent health, focusing on physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. Adolescents are increasingly immersed in digital platforms, which can influence their development and well-being. Physically, prolonged screen time has been linked to issues such as poor posture, eye strain, and sedentary behavior, contributing to obesity. Psychologically, excessive digital media use can affect mental health, leading to increased anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality. Furthermore, the behavioral effects of digital media include altered social interactions, decreased academic performance, and engagement in risky behaviors. While digital media offers educational and social opportunities, its overuse presents several health challenges. This review highlights the need for balanced digital consumption and suggests strategies to mitigate negative health impacts. Addressing these concerns requires collaborative efforts from healthcare providers, educators, and parents to promote healthy digital habits among adolescents.