Conslide: A Thai soft keyboard for mobile text input

Genetic structure and demographic connectivity of marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) populations of Tokyo Bay

Current radio frequency (RF) sensors at the Edge lack the computational resources to support practical, in-situ training for intelligent spectrum monitoring. This is true for sensor data classification in general. We propose a solution via Deep Delay Loop Reservoir Computing (DLR), a processing architecture that supports general machine learning algorithms on compact mobile devices by leveraging delay-loop reservoir computing in combination with innovative electro-optical hardware. With both digital and photonic realizations of our design of the loops, DLR delivers reductions in form factor, hardware complexity and latency, compared to the State-of-the-Art (SoA). The main impact of the reservoir is to project the input data into a higher dimensional space of reservoir state vectors in order to linearly separate the input classes. Once the classes are well separated, traditionally complex, power-hungry classification models are no longer needed for the learning process. Yet, even with simple classifiers based on Ridge regression (RR), the complexity grows at least quadratically with the input size. Hence, the hardware reduction required for training on compact devices is in contradiction with the large dimension of state vectors. DLR employs a RR-based classifier to exceed the SoA accuracy, while further reducing power consumption by leveraging the architecture of parallel (split) loops. We present DLR architectures composed of multiple smaller loops whose state vectors are linearly combined to create a lower dimensional input into Ridge regression. We demonstrate the advantages of using DLR for two distinct applications: RF Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) for IoT authentication, and wireless protocol recognition for IoT situational awareness.

Retinal vessel responses to flickering light are different in various systemic and ocular diseases and can be improved after successful therapy. We investigated retinal vessel response to flickering light in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients before and after treatment with a single intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin(®) ) injection. In 10 patients with exudative AMD [age: median (1.quartile; 3.quartile) 76.0 (73.5; 80.0) years], retinal vessel reactions were examined by Dynamic Vessel Analyser (DVA) before and 3 months after a single intravitreal application of bevacizumab (1.25 mg). A baseline measurement was followed by three consecutive monochromatic flicker stimulations (530-600 nm, 12.5 Hz, 20 seconds). Temporal retinal vessel reaction was analysed and compared with the reaction in healthy controls. Mean arterial dilation at the end of flicker was not different in all groups. For veins this parameter amounted to: pre-treatment, 2.6 (1.7; 3.9)%; post-treatment, 2.9 (2.4; 4.0)%; control, 4.3 (3.2; 5.7)%; significant: pre-treatment - control (Dunnett's procedure, p < 0.05). Maximal dilation occurred in arteries at: pre-treatment, 17.5 (14.8; 32.5) seconds; post-treatment, 18.0 (16.6; 30.6) seconds; control, 14.5 (10.8; 17.3) seconds. Both AMD groups were slower (p < 0.05): in veins at 17.0 (14.5; 20.0) seconds, 12.8 (8.6; 14.8) seconds and 18.5 (17.1; 19.9) seconds, respectively; significant post-treatment - control (p < 0.05). In the post-treatment AMD group arterial constriction after stimulation occurred more slowly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Dynamic retinal arterial and venous reactions to flickering light are altered in AMD compared with controls. Three months after a single injection of a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, the investigated retinal dynamic vascular parameters were not altered in our study.

Low operating temperature micro solid oxide fuel cell (micro-SOFC) systems which utilize liquid fuels are attractive for high energy efficiency and density. Long time operation is possible for micro-SOFCs by refueling and it is not restricted by battery charge. Hence, it is expected to alternative power source for compact mobile electronic devices which consume a large amount of power. In previous, diverse types of micro-SOFCs focused on its performance was reported and a maximum power density of 1 W/cm2 at 500oC was achieved. However, they have many problems of durability and repeatability for practical use. Additionally, it is necessary to consider how to heat up micro-SOFC cells to operating temperature, compatibility with other electronic circuits and thermally self-sustained condition. In this study, micro-SOFC system was proposed in order to adopt the micro-SOFCs into a power source of compact mobile electric devices. We designed the micro-SOFC package with thermal insulation and heat exchanger. Its insulation performance was experimentally confirmed and power generation test with micro heater in the micro-SOFC package was performed. Micro-SOFC packages require thermal insulation to keep the surface temperature below about 85oC, which is the maximum operating temperature of other electronic circuits. We applied vacuum insulation widely used for thermal insulation in MEMS devices to the package. The heat of the exhaust gas was recovered by the liquid fuel through heat exchanger. From the calculation of temperature distribution by the finite element method, surface temperature of the package was kept from 57 to 88oC when operating temperature is 500oC. As long as the liquid is evaporated, temperature of the heat exchanger is kept constant. Therefore, heat conduction from high temperature glass flow channels to vacuum insulator was prevented and low surface temperature was achieved. Applying micro-SOFC system as independent power sources, thermally self-sustained condition is required, i.e. micro-SOFC packages should keep operating temperature more than 300oC only by the generated heat from reaction of fuel cells during power generation. For thermally self-sustained condition, the amount of heat generated during power generation needs to exceed that of heat loss from surface of the package and transferred heat by exhaust gas. We calculated thermally self-sustained condition of a micro-SOFC system with 4 W output fueled by methanol and water that has reformer and heat exchanger from exhaust gas. From the result, generated heat from reaction of fuel cells was 4.8W, heat loss from surface was 1.5 W and transferred heat by exhaust gas was 4.6 W at 500oC. The result confirmed that transferred heat by exhaust gas was dominated in this system. Hence, recovering the heat of exhaust gas with the gas-liquid heat exchanger was essential to achieve thermally self-sustained condition. Micro-SOFC cells and micro heater were fabricated in general MEMS technology. Power generation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of micro-SOFC (Pt-Pd | 15 mol% Y-doped BaZrO3 | Pt-Pd) by micro heater were measured in the temperature range of 200-330oC. A maximum power density of 1.12 mW/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 1.09 V at 330oC were obtained using wet H2 as fuel and air as the oxidant. As a result of impedance measurement, electrode reaction resistance was very high in cell total resistance. Therefore, the improvement of electrode will reduce cell resistance to a level for actual utility. We actually fabricated the micro-SOFC package installed vacuum structure and heat exchanger to evaluate cooling performance of the insulation package and performed power generation test in the package. In the case of heat exchanger filled with 50 vol% ethanol solution, surface temperature was 89.6oC when micro heater temperature was 500oC. In accordance with the result, it was possible to keep surface temperature of the package sufficiently low with heat exchanger. As a result of power generation test of micro-SOFC inside the package, a maximum power density of 1.27 mW/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.94 V at 300oC were obtained using wet 25% or 50% H2 as fuel and air as the oxidant. Additionally, surface temperature of the package was kept under 80oC. Therefore I achieved power generation in compact micro-SOFC system with thermal insulation. The micro-SOFC package was designed for applying micro-SOFCs to power source of mobile electronic devices in this study. As a result of calculation, the package installed vacuum insulation and heat exchanger could achieve thermally self-sustained condition and low surface temperature. Power generation test of micro-SOFC inside the prototype package was achieved and the package kept low surface temperature. Hence, this study presented that applicability of micro-SOFC system to power source for compact mobile electronic devices.

Objetivo: Describir el cuadro clínico y la evolución de los casos de síndrome febril presentados durante el fenómeno de “El Niño” de 1997-98, y presentar una revisión de la fisiopatología del cuadro de hipertermia. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal en la ciudad de Chimbote, Ancash. Se definió como caso de síndrome febril: niños menores de 5 años con fiebre refractaria al uso de antipiréticos sin foco aparente de infección. En el análisis posterior se consideraron: apariencia no tóxica, previamente sano, sin foco de infección al examen físico y con examen de laboratorio negativo. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 25 casos (68% varones, 80% con edades entre 5 y 18 meses) con un tiempo de enfermedad promedio de 15,17(13,52) días ± desviación stándar (±DS). La mediana de la temperatura fue 38,8ºC con un promedio de 38,84ºC (rango 38 – 40ºC). 68% tuvo un tiempo de enfermedad mayor de 15 días; 52% había visitado al menos una vez un centro médico anterior; 68% recibió antibióticos y antipiréticos; y, 52 % ingresó al hospital por emergencia. Todos los casos presentaron alza térmica, asociado a piel seca (72%), diarrea (64%), tos (52%), baja de peso (52%), irritabilidad (44%), náuseas o vómitos (40%), rinorrea (24%) y convulsiones (20%). El tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue 4,7 días y el estado febril promedio fue 2,5 días. Ninguno tuvo examen de laboratorio compatible con causa infecciosa. Conclusiones: En situaciones ambientales adversas debe considerarse al calor ambiental como un factor importante en el desarrollo de la hipertermia, con el propósito de brindar un manejo más apropiado a los afectados en el menor tiempo posible.

This paper investigates the attitude tracking problem for spacecraft with limited communication, network congestion, unknown model parameters, actuator saturation, and external disturbances. To alleviate communication load, a novel sigmoid event-triggered mechanism is proposed with the special ability to guarantee a high minimum inter-execution time to avoid network congestion like package loss or time delay effectively. A neural network-based adaptive control algorithm is designed to deal with unknown model parameters. Besides, the problem of actuator saturation is tackled by introducing a dynamic loop gain function-based approach. System stability is proved by Lyapunov stability analysis and the high minimum inter-event time is substantiated by Zeno Behavior analysis with explanatory remarks. Numerical simulation results also show that a high minimum inter-event time and a high average inter-event time can be realized on the premise of high attitude tracking accuracy. Compared with all the previous studies, the ratio of the minimum inter-execution time to the average minimum inter-execution time has been improved by nearly 10 times with the proposed approach. Note to Practitioners—This paper was motivated by the problem of spacecraft attitude takeover control, but it also applies to other aperiodic discrete-time control systems. Existing event-triggered control methods have solved the problem of limited communication for attitude takeover control of spacecraft by reducing the number of times wireless communication is required. This paper proposes a new method for realizing quasi-periodic control with a large time gap between any two consistent control impulses using a hyperbolic tangent function or another sigmoid function in an event-triggered mechanism. The proposed sigmoid event-triggered mechanism (ETM) can magnify the event-triggered threshold dozens of times in a short time to avoid unnecessary frequent triggering without decreasing the precision of control. It’s feasible to employ the proposed sigmoid ETM to deal with limited communication and network congestion in other network control systems that are constructed with similar dynamic structures. Furthermore, it would be marvelous if we could transform this sigmoid ETM into a high-efficiency decision-making mechanism in some control systems without using a wireless network. Now we are studying how to realize orbital-attitude (maneuver) control with a relatively average time interval and fewer times of orbit transfer by using the proposed sigmoid ETM. Besides, to further improve the system performance, we are also seeking to further increase the ratio of the minimum inter-execution time to the average inter-execution time. For the purpose of a more even distribution of the triggering events on the time axis, we may modify the proposed sigmoid event-triggered method or associate it with other methods.

Delay tolerant network (DTN) protocol was proposed for a network where connectivity is not available. In DTN, a message is delivered to a destination node via store-carry-forward approach while using opportunistic contacts. Probabilistic routing protocol for intermittently connected networks (PRoPHET) is one of the widely studied DTN protocols. In PRoPHET, a message is forwarded to a contact node, if the contact node has a higher delivery predictability to the destination node of the message. In this paper, we propose an improved opportunistic routing protocol, where context information of average distance travelled and average time elapsed from the reception of a message to the delivery of the message to the destination node is used. In the proposed protocol, the average distance and average time are updated whenever a message is delivered to a destination node. Then, both average distance and average time as well as delivery predictability of PRoPHET protocol are used to decide a message forwarding. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed and compared with that of PRoPHET and reachable probability centrality (RPC) protocol, which is one of the latest protocols using the contact history information of a mobile node. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance than both PRoPHET and RPC, from the aspect of delivery ratio, overhead ratio, and delivery latency for varying buffer size, message generation interval, and the number of nodes.

To evaluate eye use behavior in myopic and non-myopic children objectively using Clouclip M2 device and subjectively using questionnaire and compare the results. The study also aimed to assess the relationships between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status. Clouclip M2 was used in monitoring eye use behavior and visual environment in children aged 9-11 years. The participants were monitored for 7 days. On the eighth day, data stored in the device were collected, relevant eye examination were conducted and survey questionnaire was administered. The paired sample t-test was used to compare the eye use behavior obtained objectively and subjectively. The relationships between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status were assessed using the Pearson's Correlation analysis. Spherical equivalent refraction was significantly correlated with axial length, axial length to corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal radius (P < 0.05). The average time per day spent on near work, the maximum time for single near work, and the average near working distance were significantly lower, and the average total time spent on outdoor activities was significantly longer as determined by questionnaire method than that found using Clouclip M2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that prolonged near work, shorter working distance, presence of parental myopia, and lesser outdoor activities were significant risk factors for myopia. The childhood myopia is influenced by eye use behavior, eye use environment, and parental myopia. Results from this study further support that biometric and optical parameters of the eye determine refractive status. Being an objective method, Clouclip M2 provides an independent eye use behavior data which potentially are more reliable than obtained from subjective method. Our study provided a theoretical basis for myopia prevention and control in clinical practice.

MANET is one of the prominent main areas beyond the 4G wireless communications. They are infrastructure-less autonomous collection of mobile nodes with self-organizing, self-configuring, and multi-hop capabilities forming a temporary network in which the network's topology varies dynamically due to node mobility. These striking features attracted many application areas, and a significant amount of research has been contributed over the last two decades. In this paper, a new initiative has been taken to study and find the influential factors concerning throughput on reactive routing protocols, influencing MANET's performance using Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) through OPNET 14.5 modeler. We considered seven factors to find significant importance: routing protocol, packet size, network size, mobility, pause time, data rate, and node placement. Using Taguchi DOE, there is an advantage of the significant reduction in the number of experiments run. The optimum factor levels from DOE are tested and validated through experimentation. Also, the results obtained from the simulation on the OPNET14.5 modeler are cross validated with the NS2 simulator, and it is observed that the results reveal similar behavior. From the results, it is observed that AODV routing protocol with large packet size, dense network size, low mobility, minimum pause time, low data rate, and random node deployment leads to improved performance related to throughput, delay, and network load when matched with DSR and other factor levels. Major effects with percentages are packet size, routing protocol, and network size are 34.84%, 33.37%, and 22.98%, respectively.KeywordsMANETOPNET14.5NS2Taguchi DOEAODVDSR

The research described in this paper shows that main parameter of acoustic cavitation which should be used for practical applications this phenomenon, are not the temperatures of plasma into the cavitation bubbles (the intensity of son luminescence), but the power of pressure pulses, which they produce, and which cause destruction of phases existing in a liquid (the intensity of erosion). The distribution of the density power of erosion in space can be the subject of numerically simulated, if it is assumed that process of multibubble cavitation is an ergodic process. For this the integral of pressure superposition from all bubbles of cavitation field at any point in space, must be approximated by the function of the pressure pulse on the surface of a single cavitation bubble, that pulsate with a period equal to the period of oscillations of the harmonic wave. This superposition of pressure can be described using a two metrics of space, which are belongs to this point. The first – the average distance from this a point until all points of the cavitation region. It determines the average time of arrival into this point of a total perturbation of pressure from all bubbles. The second – the average harmonic distance – determines the average coefficient of attenuation of this perturbation. The results of computational and laboratory experiments illustrate the adequacy and the applicability of model. The model makes it possible to quantitatively compare the results of physical and chemical effects of cavitation in the any liquids in the reactors of any size. The model also gives a sufficient degree of accuracy and reliability of performing the technical calculations for the design of such devices and the possibility to make comparative assessments of different reactors.

Forensic entomologists rely on laboratory growth data to estimate the time of colonization on human remains thus extrapolating a minimum postmortem interval (PMI) if assumptions are satisfied. The flesh fly Blaesoxipha plinthopyga (Wiedemann) is one species that occurs in casework in Idaho, Texas, and central California. Because of the few laboratory studies on the development of this fly, the following study was conducted to determine if different substrates impact immature development of the species. In this study, flies were reared on different substrates that are likely to be encountered at indoor and outdoor scenes (Wet Sand, Dry Sand, Clothes [Polyester fibers], and Carpet [Polypropylene fibers]) to determine the influence of substrate on larval, intrapuparial, and total immature development times at 25°C, 50% RH, and 14:10 (L:D) h cycle. The results revealed that substrate significantly affected minimum immature development times without affecting the sexes differently; though a female bias in sex ratio was observed consistently. Average minimum larval developmental times were 160-179 h with a significantly faster development in Carpet than in Clothes. Similarly, average minimum intrapuparial developmental times were 331-352 h; fastest on Carpet and the slowest in Dry Sand. For this species, it may be important to consider the substrates encountered at a death scene as they may affect the development of B. plinthopyga (Wiedemann) in casework by up to 29 h at 25°C and 50% humidity. These effects will also be important to consider when planning future development studies with the species.

The relationship between traffic accidents and human visual characteristics in low illumination were analyzed, and the difference of illumination, color, and contrast were considered. Ten drivers were selected to develop real road experiments to find the efficiency of drivers in identifying pedestrians in low illumination with the same road and the same velocity. The results show that the average distance of drivers who see the pedestrian wearing black, white, red and green suits are 195.7m,193.3m,214.6m and 201.2m respectively, and the average time from which the driver see the pedestrian to identify the pedestrian’s action is 0.5s,0.4s,0.3s and 0.6s when the illumination is sufficient. But in low illumination, the average distance of drivers who see the pedestrian wearing black, white, red and green suits are 45.2m,76.3m,71.2m and 63.4m respectively, and the average time from which the driver see the pedestrian to identify the pedestrian’s action is 2.1s,1.5s,2.1s and 2.3s.The average distance decrease in separation was76.9%,60.5%,66.8% and 68.5%,and the average time increase in separation is 4.2 times,3.8 time,7 times and 3.8 times.

The nervous system is very sensitive to CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs), and an understanding of the effects of CdTe QDs on the nervous system is indispensable for their use in biomedical applications, especially in clinical medicine. This research explored the possible neurotoxic effects of CdTe QDs on the peripheral nervous system of zebrafish, including motor neuron damage, altered mobility and motor behavior of zebrafish larvae. The mechanism of peripheral neurotoxicity induced by CdTe QDs was also investigated by qRT-PCR in this study. The experimental results showed that 100 nM and above quantum dot exposure induced shortening of axon length of motor neurons and reduced the length and number of neurogenesis as well as motor nerve branching in 24-120-hpf zebrafish. The toxic effects of 100 nM and above CdTe QDs on motor neurons were further manifested as a decrease in the overall activity level of the 144-hpf zebrafish larvae including decreased locomotor velocity and shortened movement time. The average swimming velocity and total movement time of zebrafish in the 400-nM CdTe QDs-treated group were 24.7% and 17.1% of those of the control group, respectively. Molecular toxicology studies showed that genes related to neurogenesis (nrd) and axonal growth (mbp, gfap, and gap43) were significantly affected by CdTe QDs exposure. Their expressions all tended to decrease in zebrafish larvae at 72 hpf after exposure to 400-nM CdTe QDs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that exposure of zebrafish to CdTe QDs at early life stages leads to adverse neural outcomes through inhibition of neural development and motor neuron axon growth.

Motivated by the shape of transportation networks such as subways, we consider a distribution of points in the plane and ask for the network G of given length L that is optimal in a certain sense. In the general model, the optimality criterion is to minimize the average (over pairs of points chosen independently from the distribution) time to travel between the points, where a travel path consists of any line segments in the plane traversed at slow speed and any route within the subway network traversed at a faster speed. Of major interest is how the shape of the optimal network changes as L increases. We first study the simplest variant of this problem where the optimization criterion is to minimize the average distance from a point to the network, and we provide some general arguments about the optimal networks. As a second variant we consider the optimal network that minimizes the average travel time to a central destination, and we discuss both analytically and numerically some simple shapes such as the star network, the ring, or combinations of both these elements. Finally, we discuss numerically the general model where the network minimizes the average time between all pairs of points. For this case, we propose a scaling form for the average time that we verify numerically. We also show that in the medium-length regime, as L increases, resources go preferentially to radial branches and that there is a sharp transition at a value L_{c} where a loop appears.

The continued drive for more compact and lightweight handheld mobile devices has forcibly pushed the electronics assembly industry to look for novel packaging and assembly technologies. One of the newest advances in recent years is for semiconductors to be stacked, one on top of the other, in a single package. This die stacking allows system designers to take advantage of the often more readily available “Z” axis of the cubic area while saving on the valuable “X” and “Y” square dimensional space on PCB layouts.