CONSOLIDATED MODEL OF VISUAL AESTHETICS ATTRIBUTES FOR SENSE-BASED USER EXPERIENCE

The integration of digital technology in education has opened new opportunities to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. In physical education, interactive digital learning media offers potential to improve motor skills among primary school students, a critical developmental aspect often overlooked in technology-based learning. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of interactive digital learning media on the motor skills of fourth- and fifth-grade students in a public elementary school in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. A total of 60 students were purposively selected and divided equally into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The experimental group used interactive digital media, while the control group received conventional instruction. Motor skills were measured through agility, coordination, and balance tests. Additional data were collected via questionnaires and teacher-student interviews. Independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis, and thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The experimental group showed significantly higher improvement in all motor skill areas (p 0.05) compared to the control group. Thematic findings revealed that students experienced greater motivation, enjoyment, and understanding through digital simulations and feedback. Teachers also reported improved engagement and ease in delivering motor skill instruction. The findings confirm that interactive digital media can effectively enhance motor skills and learning motivation in primary physical education, aligning with multimedia learning theory. These results support integrating technology into physical education to promote cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development.

Perceived visual aesthetics is of great significance for the design of human-computer interaction interface. There is much research on interface aesthetics in the academic community. There is evidence that perceived visual aesthetics has an important impact on user experience and interaction, and many scholars have put forward the calculation model of perceived visual aesthetics. This study research the text overlay image. Compared with the traditional text surround image, the text overlay image changes the visual perception aesthetics of the image by embedding the text into the image. Text overlay image is usually superimposed on the image by a piece of text or several pieces of text, which blocks the background area of the image and affects the overall interface aesthetics. However, the text overlay image is applied to various places. In this study, the background white space calculation model (WBB) based on bounding box is used to calculate the perceived visual aesthetics. Explore the visual aesthetics of text overlay images under three proportions: golden section ratio (1:0.618), root mean square ratio (1:0.707) and integer ratio (1:1). The experiment uses the calculation model to obtain the proportion of the blank area of the text covered image in the image background. The subjects' subjective evaluation of different proportion interfaces is obtained through the Likert scale. The results of the two are compared to obtain the proportion of the optimal visual beauty under the text covered image. The results show that: ① in terms of the image length width ratio, the visual aesthetics of the text overlay image with the length width ratio of 1:0.618 is better when the text line spacing is 1 times, and the visual aesthetics of the image with the length width ratio of 1:0.707 is better when the text line spacing is 1.5 times. When the line spacing is 1 and 1.5 times, the visual aesthetics of the image with length width ratio of 1:1 is the worst; ② In terms of line spacing, when the line spacing is the same (1 or 1.5 times the line spacing), the subjects think that the proportion of the blank area of the text covered image with high visual aesthetics in the image background is 0.7218-0.9040. When the line spacing is different (1 and 1.5 times the line spacing), it can be speculated that the visual aesthetics of the text covered image is closely related to the blank area of the image background, In order to obtain a text overlay image with high visual aesthetics, we should consider not only the proportion of the image, but also the blank area of the image background.

Gamification brings the possibility of novel form and expression via visual aesthetics of interactive nature. Gamification can be seen as the communication form that results in active user engagement and participation through the visual aesthetics and the game-like experiences it accommodates. While current interactive designs expand a number of digital technologies genres, the use of gamification excels the process of taking audience as the subject matter and visually engage. Thus, the audience can react to the aesthetics the goal of behavioral change comes into play due to the application of game aesthetics, game design, and gamification elements. However, in doing so, most of the users are not always able to see the complete design in the user experience or interface that could be misleading or just involved around certain commercial purposes. We call it dark patterns; a modern tactic used by user experience designers and gamification designers to make the interface visually misleading to serve their own interests and not the users. It presents the two diverse perspectives of the use of visual aesthetics in games and gamification; one is positive and another is negative. This chapter highlights the visual aesthetics and related elements of these genres, associated principles, and notions on important implications for the gamification designers to be considered in their practices and future projects.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) has been a popular option employed by firms to deal with piracy issues. The rationale of DRM, the expected benefits for firms, and their implications in the Interactive Digital Media (IDM) marketplace are presented. Using the VISOR framework, the chapter also analyses the impacts of DRM based in the IDM marketplace, and to suggest if DRM is the great spoiler in the IDM marketplace. Studies have shown that the advantages brought by DRM to firms go beyond what would be needed for an efficient provision of digital goods. The chapter concludes with some recommendations and suggestions whether DRM is the great spoiler in the IDM marketplace.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) has been a popular option employed by firms to deal with piracy issues. The rationale of DRM, the expected benefits for firms, and their implications in the Interactive Digital Media (IDM) marketplace are presented. Using the VISOR framework, the chapter also analyses the impacts of DRM based in the IDM marketplace, and to suggest if DRM is the great spoiler in the IDM marketplace. Studies have shown that the advantages brought by DRM to firms go beyond what would be needed for an efficient provision of digital goods. The chapter concludes with some recommendations and suggestions whether DRM is the great spoiler in the IDM marketplace.

-Cognitive abilities are critical for children to develop knowledge through sensory experiences. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of interactive digital media in sewing pattern activities on the cognitive development and creativity of children in Group B at Idhata Bucinri Kindergarten, Pangkajene Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of the study were 17 children in Group B, where each child had an equal opportunity to participate in this activity, such as in the concept of probability. The children were divided into two groups: an experimental group that used interactive digital media as a sewing guide, and a control group that used conventional methods. The study was conducted for 10 days, with cognitive and creative aspects measured before and after treatment. The results showed that the group that used interactive digital media experienced a significant increase in cognitive and creative aspects compared to the control group. This increase can be expressed as asignificant difference between the averages of the two groups. The use of interactive digital media as media content in sewing pattern activities has proven effective in supporting students' cognitive development.

Learning motivation plays a crucial role in elementary education, supporting both the achievement of learning objectives and the enhancement of students’ abilities. However, in practice, many students still exhibit low motivation despite the use of interactive digital media in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of interactive digital media in Civic Education and the learning motivation of elementary school students. A quantitative correlational design was employed with 80 fourth-grade students selected purposively. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire, then analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation test. The findings revealed that although both the intensity of digital media use and students’ learning motivation were categorized as high, no significant relationship was found between them (r = 0.100; p = 0.378). These results suggest that interactive digital media alone does not directly enhance learning motivation without the integration of participatory and contextual teaching strategies. This study highlights the importance of combining digital media with pedagogical approaches that actively involve students to optimize motivation in Civic Education learning. The implication is that interactive digital media should not be viewed as an independent solution, but rather as a complementary tool that requires alignment with participatory strategies. Such integration is essential to maximize its effectiveness in fostering learning motivation among elementary school students.

This study aims to develop interactive digital media based on the local wisdom of the Jaran Eblek dance as an innovative learning tool to improve the critical thinking skills of elementary school students, especially in the material of the human movement system. The background of this study is based on the importance of integrating local culture in science learning so that students not only gain a cognitive understanding of concepts, but also internalize the values ​​of local wisdom. The development model used is ADDIE, which includes five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 5 media experts, 5 material experts, 15 teachers, and 85 sixth grade elementary school students who became the trial group. The research instruments were in the form of validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and critical thinking skills tests designed according to learning indicators. The validation process carried out by media experts resulted in an average score of 4.74 with a very feasible category, while the assessment from material experts obtained a score of 4.47 with a very feasible category. The practicality test involving teachers and students showed that the interactive digital media was included in the very practical category with a score of 92.29%. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test using N-Gain analysis showed that the experimental class using the media obtained a score of 76.94% with an effective category, while the control class only achieved 33.13%. The results of further statistical tests proved a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two classes, which indicates that this interactive digital media is able to have a positive impact on improving students' critical thinking skills. Thus, this study concludes that interactive digital media based on local wisdom of the Jaran Eblek dance is feasible, practical, and effective for use in learning.

The digital transformation of the photography industry is shaped by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and the growing role of social media as a medium for interaction and promotion. Fotoyu, an application that integrates facial recognition-based AI with visually appealing design, caters to consumer needs in documenting sports events. This study investigates the influence of AI, social media presence, and visual aesthetics on purchase intention, with perceived enjoyment serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative method was employed by distributing online questionnaires to 240 Fotoyu users who participated in running events in Bali. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS approach. The results reveal that all independent variables exert a positive and significant impact on both perceived enjoyment and purchase intention. Moreover, perceived enjoyment fully mediates the effect of AI and partially mediates the effects of social media presence and visual aesthetics on purchase intention. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of perceived enjoyment in shaping users’ purchasing decisions. From a practical perspective, the study highlights the importance of enhancing AI capabilities, implementing effective social media strategies, and optimizing visual design to foster enjoyable user experiences and increase purchase conversions on digital platforms.

Limited understanding of occupational safety, health, and environmental elements among students increases the risk of accidents both at work and in daily life. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive digital learning media based on Video on Demand (VoD) in enhancing the understanding of students with mild intellectual disabilities regarding occupational safety, health, environment, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The research subjects included one learning media expert, three content experts, three teachers, six parents, and ninth-grade students with mild intellectual disabilities as trial participants. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests, and were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Expert assessments yielded scores of 97.7% (media expert) and 88.5–90.6% (content experts), while practicality tests by teachers and parents scored 93% and 92.58%, respectively, indicating the media’s feasibility. Quantitative effectiveness tests showed an average pre-test score of 2.67 and a post-test score of 7.83. Analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test produced a p-value <0.05, demonstrating a significant improvement in all students’ understanding of occupational safety, health, and PPE. It is concluded that the interactive digital VoD-based media is effective in enhancing the understanding of students with mild intellectual disabilities and provides a valuable contribution to the development of inclusive vocational learning tools adaptable to students’ special needs.

In this paper, we address specific problems related to the temporal development of narratives in games and interactive media in general. Game narratives can be inconsequential when they progress isolated from coherent temporal aspects, which in turn affects the possibility for pacing and experiencing a dramatic arc. The problem arises when the agency afforded to the players leads them to pursue non-narrative activities, which “put the story on hold”.

Mixed reality (MR) technology provides consumers with innovative means of purchasing in retail environments, and the integration of MR with product customization enables potential benefits for personalized shopping and the uniqueness of experiences. This study proposes designing a Mixed Reality Product Configurator (MRPC) for head-mounted displays, aiming to provide systematic MR configuration interface design principles for commercial applications. The empirical study collected feedback on the MRPC from 64 participants through a mimic retail environment experiment using a mixed methods approach by conducting interviews and questionnaires. The design principle identifies thirteen design elements: parametricity, informativeness, comfort, comparability, contextual, intuitiveness, beyond reality value, interactivity, predictability, conciseness, accuracy, visual aesthetics and environmental compatibility. These principles represent five dimensions that need to be focused on for commercial MR customization system design: functionality, user experience, visual aesthetics, affective engagement, and user comfort.

This study aims to explore the application of Chinese painting elements in app interface design to enhance user experience and visual aesthetics. To this end, it first introduces the research background and problems that necessitate the search for new design elements, namely the current issues in application interface design such as excessive uniformity and insufficient differentiation. Secondly, it clarifies the purpose and significance of this research by innovating app interface design through the application of Chinese painting elements to enhance user experience and visual aesthetics. Then, it briefly describes the research methods, experimental design, and investigation methods employed. Specifically, it analyzes the visual characteristics, aesthetic significance, and traditional techniques of Chinese painting, and studies the basic principles, common methods, and user experience of app interface design.

This research aims to explore: First, evaluate the level of understanding and ability of MAN Binjai teachers in implementing learning media that supports the principles of the Independent Curriculum. Second, knowing the strategies that can be implemented to optimize the use of learning media in accordance with the Independent Curriculum at MAN Binjai. Third, knowing the obstacles faced in implementing learning media at MAN Binjai, knowing the strategies that can be implemented to optimize the use of learning media in accordance with the Independent Curriculum at MAN Binjai. This research method is a qualitative type with a descriptive approach. The instruments used in this research were observation, interviews and documentation studies. The location of this research is MAN Binjai, North Sumatra. This research data analysis uses three steps, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The research results show that: First, the implementation of the independent curriculum at MAN Binjai includes the implementation of intracurricular learning, extracurricular learning, and the Pancasila Rahmatan Lil Al-Amin (P5RA) Student Profile Strengthening Project. This independent curriculum emphasizes freedom to think, innovate, learn independently and creatively, as well as the freedom to feel happy. Second, the planning strategy for using interactive digital learning media at MAN Binjai begins with intensive training for teachers to integrate technology in their teaching process. The use of digital media also helps students develop technological skills which are very important in the modern era. The research results show that the use of interactive digital learning media at MAN Binjai has increased student engagement, expanded access to learning, and developed their digital skills. Third, the obstacles faced by Technological Infrastructure: One of the main obstacles is the availability of adequate technological infrastructure. Training Limitations: Despite intensive training, there are still challenges in obtaining adequate training for all teachers. Teacher Readiness and Willingness: Not all teachers have the same readiness in adopting and integrating digital learning media. Insufficient Content: Sometimes, the availability of appropriate and quality content to support project-based learning can be a challenge. Time Limitations: Implementing interactive digital learning media requires additional time for preparation and development of learning content. Student Engagement: While digital learning media can increase student engagement, there are also challenges in ensuring that all students can access and use the technology effectively.

Interactive digital media is a computer-based learning media that contains images, narration, music, games and animations that can train the visual and auditory development of PAUD students with interactive designs so that they are able to train children's motor skills. Early childhood is a child aged 0-6 years or also called the golden egg or golden child, and is a very important age to receive maximum learning so that this period affects the future of the child. So, parents must be active in supervising their child's learning wisely and purposefully. Interactive digital media can provide variety and innovation in children's learning and as a refresher in the process, it can also make children happier without any element of coercion.