Constituent Processes and Democratic Ruptures

The regulation of abortion as a crime has notably changed over the last four decades, from being a prosecuted and criminally punished conduct to being considered a ‘constitutional right’ in the USA (from 1973 to 2022), Spain (from 2023) and France (2024). The aim of this article is to study such a surprising transition, looking at the Spanish case from a comparative and historical perspective, and to make some proposals to safeguard the fundamental rights of every human being without presenting abortion as the only possible solution to the dilemma or conflict of rights between the pregnant woman and the unborn child.

On drawing lessons, in the context of China: when all other conditions are not equal - the context for drawing lessons, Richard Rose the context of social policy reform in China - theoretical, comparative and historical perspectives, Sheying Chen the policy process in contemporary China - mechanisms of politics and government, Bo Peng paradigm shifts in social welfare policy-making in China - struggling between economic efficiency and social equity, Hsiao-hung Nancy Chen. Policy sectors under scrutiny: policies geared to tackling social inequality and poverty in China, Xinping Guan reflections on inequality and poverty in China, David Piachaud labour market construction and labour mobility in urban China, Fenyu Wang and Yandong Zhao the British labour market and labour market policy in comparative perspective, Jochen Clasen pensions reform in China, Yuebin Xu on reforming pensions, Alan Walker financing health care in China's cities - balancing needs and entitlements, G. Bloom, Y. Lu and J. Chen China's health policy - a comparative footnote, Rudolf Klein progress and problems of urban housing reform, Ya Ping Wang housing in China - a view from the West, John Doling women's rights and protection policy in China - achievements and problems, Peiqun He women's rights and gender issues, Jane Lewis social care and voluntary action in China, Chen Tao social care and voluntary action -a response from the UK, Nicholas Deakin and Ann Davis.

Part 1 Theoretical, comparative and historical perspectives: introduction - women and identity politics in theoretical and comparative perspective, Valentine M. Moghadam the creation of the world we know - world economy and the recreation of gendered identities, Joan Smith the ideal woman and the ideal society - control and autonomy in the construction identity, Hanna Papanek women of the West imagined - the Frangi Other and the emergence of the woman question in Iran, Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi. Part 2 Country case studies: politics, Islam, and women in Kano, Northern Nigeria, Ayesha Imam gender, religious identity and political mobilization, Sondra Hale feminism and Muslim fundamentalism - the Tunisian and Algerian cases, Alya Baffoun the social representation of women in Algeria's Islamist movement, Cherifa Bouatta and Dorian Cherifati-Merabtine gender activism - feminists and Islamists in Egypt, Margot Badran identity politics and women - fundamentalism and women in Pakistan, Khawar Mumtaz moving away from a secular vision? - women, nation and the cultural contruction of Hindu India, Sucheta Mazumdar identity politics and the contemporary Indian feminist movement, Radha Humar women and fundamentalism - the case of Turkey, Binnaz Toprak Halakha, Zionism and gender - the case of Gush Emunim, Madeleine Tress the role, place and power of middle-class women in the Islamic republic, Shanin Gerami paradoxical politics - gender politics among New Orthodox Jewish women in the US, Debra Renee Kaufman women of the New Right in the US - family, feminism and politics, Rebecca E. Klatch. Part 3 Dilemmas and strategies: the preferential symbol for Islamic identity - women in Muslim personal laws, Marie-Aimelie Lucas identity politics and women's ethnicity, Nira Yuval-Davis international standards of equality and religious freedom - implications for the status of women.

Capitalism, in one form or another, can be viewed as a global phenomenon. Even if processes of production, exchange, consumption and accumulation differed greatly in response to local contexts, cultures and environment, they were hardly an uncommon occurrence in any part of the world. This chapter, rather than tracing European influence into global markets, through maritime trade or empire, as a precursor to capitalist development, will instead focus on how economies and actors in Africa and Asia functioned prior and during this engagement. Drawing especially on case studies related to Chinese, Armenian and Akan ‘capitalisms’ in the early modern era, it will adopt an alternative perspective on economic development that highlights effective cross-cultural and communal, rather than national or state-driven, frameworks as a key feature underpinning global exchange. This is important not only as a means for understanding international ‘capitalisms’ in a comparative perspective, but also by contributing to changing ideas regarding how new European entrants to these regions were able to effectively integrate (or not) into pre-existing networks.

Journal Article Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Volumes I and II: A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. By Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969. Vol. I: xxii + 301 pp. Map, charts, tables, notes, and appendixes Get access Richard Jensen Richard Jensen Washington University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 56, Issue 4, March 1970, Pages 882–886, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917524 Published: 01 March 1970

Shop Floor Bargaining and the State: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Steven Tolliday and Jonathan Zeitlin. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Pp. vii + 261. $34.50.) - Volume 80 Issue 2

Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, A Staff Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Edited by Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr. (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 2 vols. Pp. 644. $1.25 each.) - Volume 64 Issue 1

This chapter looks into the context of social policy reform in China by offering relevant theoretical, comparative and historical perspectives. Western scholars, as well as academics in some westernized Chinese societies, accustomed to think in terms of welfare state social policies, have tended to find that the socialist state of mainland China did not measure up to their expectations. Policy analysis using dominant models may not always do justice to all the forces, causes and effects of the policy change process. A broader view is needed to integrate the policy-making system with the society within which it operates. A political perspective in policy analysis holds that policy development is a result of political disagreement over the nature of the problems confronting society and over what, if anything, should be done about them. Contextual approach is important, however, for it sets an aim for an individual, a group, or the society as a whole for exploring barriers to rationality.

The Consequences of Possession

(2004). Anthony M. Orum and Xiangming Chen (2003) The World of Cities. Places in Comparative and Historical Perspective. Malden Ma: Blackwell. 180 pp. ISBN: 0631210253. Housing, Theory and Society: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 143-144.

The Business of the Japanese State: Energy Markets in Comparative and Historical Perspective. By Richard J. Samuels. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987. xii, 358 pp. 14.95 (paper). - Volume 47 Issue 4

Western Constitutionalism in Southeast Asia: Some Historical and Comparative Observations

On January 1, 2000, the German Civil Code (BGB) became 100 years old. It had been remarkably resilient throughout a century marked by catastrophic upheavals and a succession of fundamentally different political regimes. Two years later, however, the most sweeping individual reform ever to have affected the Code entered into force. This was the Modernization of the Law of Obligations Act, triggered by the necessity to implement the European Consumer Sales Directive, but going far beyond what was required by the European Community. The most important practical implication of the Modernization Act is the fundamental reform of the German law of prescription. However, the most remarkable feature of the revised BGB in terms of innovative doctrine is the new regime concerning liability for general non-performance, and for non-conformity in sales law. Radically, the face of the BGB has been changed by the incorporation of a number of special statutes aiming at the protection of consumers. The draftsmen of the new law have thus made an effort to streamline, or harmonise, general contract law and consumer contract law. Topics covered in this book include prescription, remedies for non-performance, liability for non-conformity, and consumer contract law. In all these cases, a historical or comparative perspective is adopted in order to analyse and assess the new rules of German law. Even in its radically new form, the German Civil Code continues to be a characteristic manifestation of German legal culture.

Reflecting on the often diffuse use of the concepts transnationalism and translocality this paper argues that the terms need to be historicised. The case study of migration movements of Goans across the Indian Ocean and beyond it illustrates the argument that the temporal layers of translocal, transnational and global phenomena cannot be conceptualised without taking into account the characteristics of the different locations concerned. In a further step, it is argued that specific space time relations are correlated with specific forms of social interaction. The identity of Goans was constituted within the translocal, transnational, and global temporal layers in the context of their twice migration. Social institutions such as the church, the club, and schools played an important role in this process. Arguably, the connection between migration movements and identity formation can be applied to other migratory groups who shared a similar history.

The SARS-CoV-2 crisis of 2020 triggered a number of unprecedented reactions of European states, in particular in the form of either constitutional emergency measures or statutory anti-epidemic emergency measures. Poland chose to deal with the crisis by delegating powers to the executive by ordinary legislative means and declared a nationwide state of epidemic emergency on 13 March 2020 and a week later a state of epidemic on the basis of the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases. For a century, Poland has been dealing with epidemics by delegating powers to the executive by ordinary legislative means. Anti-epidemic emergency measures were developed under the relevant acts of 1919, 1935, 1963, 2001, 2008 and now form an autonomous normative model authorised directly by Article 68 (4) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997. The Constitution of 2 April 1997 authorises also extraordinary measures in situations of particular danger, "if ordinary constitutional measures are inadequate". This article analyses anti-epidemic emergency regimes under Polish law in a comparative, historical and jurisprudential perspective.