Control of BLDC motor using MRPID controller with modified landsman converter

To precisely control the speed of BLDC motors at high speed and with very good performance, an accurate motor model is required. As a result, the controller design can play an important role in the effectiveness of the system. The classic controllers such as PID are widely used in the BLDC motor controllers, but they are not appropriate due to non-linear model of the BLDC motor. To enhance the performance and speed of response, many studies were taken to improve the adjusting methods of PID controller gains by using fuzzy logic. Use of fuzzy logic considering approximately interpretation of the observations and determination of the approximate commands, provides a good platform for designing intelligent robust controller. Nowadays type-2 fuzzy logic is used because of more ability to model and reduce uncertainty effects in rule-based fuzzy systems. In this paper, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic-based proportional-integral-derivative controller (IT2FLPIDC) is proposed for speed control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The proposed controller performance is compared with the conventional PID and type-1 fuzzy logic-based PID controllers, respectively in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation results show the superior IT2FLPIDC performance than two other ones.

In various industries, the high efficiency and endurance of a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. It is an important component in control system of electromechanics speed. A Brushless DC motor has been commonly used in various industries because of its high efficiency, endurance. Appropriate controller design in the response mode of BLDC motor speed enhances the efficiency in controlling motor speed. The objective of this research is to propose the Proportional Integral (PI) controller to stabilize the motor speed. A PI controller can be formulated in terms of K P and K I , a proportional and an integral gain parameters, respectively. The increase in proportional gain results in the system’s response is increasing. For suitable integral gain parameter of system, the exceeding steady-state error in the system can be eliminated by the increase of integral gain. The increase of high efficiency of motor’s response to control the motor can be applied to DSP TMS320F28335 board. For testing and simulation of controlling BLDC motor speed, the experiment’s parameters were determined as follows: 24 V, 350 W, and rotational speed of motor 3,000 rpm. The experiment of the system was based on state space model. The experimental result showed that controlling non-load motor speed would be adjusted by PI controller during steady state with reference signal varying with time. When the load was supplied the motor, the rotational speed of motor would decrease and return to its steady state in which the motor response was faster active in the reference signal system. Consequently, the PI controller of controlling BLDC motor’s rational speed is an alternative and efficiency.

This paper presents the groundwork for a novel concept of sensorless direct speed control (SDSC) in brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. Unlike the conventional sensorless speed controls, the proposed strategy does not need proportional plus integral (PI) regulators. Thus feedback mechanism is minimized. Speed regulation is achieved by controlling rotational speed of stator flux linkage. The PI regulator is replaced with a simple comparator. The BLDC motor is excited based on a look-up table. This proposal is applicable to both two-phase and three-phase conduction modes of the BLDC motors. In this paper, principles of the proposed sensorless strategy and speed ripple calculation are described in details. The validity of this claim is verified through the simulation results.

DC motors are simple choice for drive systems having very easy speed control techniques. DC motors are used where DC supply is available. Commutation in the conventional DC motors is carried out by commutator which is rotating part placed on the rotor and brushes. Due to these mechanical parts, conventional DC motor consist high amount of losses. Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors are very extensively used motors these days because of its advantages over conventional DC motors. Commutation is carried out with the help of solid-state switches in BLDC motor instead of mechanical commutator as in conventional DC motor. This improves the performance of the motor. BLDC motor shows good speed control characteristics especially in low power applications like hard-disk drives, laser printers and many more. BLDC with current control scheme was discussed in this paper. BLDC drive with fixed speed and variable speeds are developed using Matlab/Simulink and results were shown for both fixed and variable speed applications. Basic operation of BLDC motor was explained with open loop and closed loop speed control. Matlab results were shown for BLDC motor with open loop speed control, BLDC motor for fixed speed closed loop control and BLDC motor with variable speed closed loop control.

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming an increasingly popular motor of choice for low powered vehicles such as mopeds, power assisted bicycles, mobility scooters, and in this reported application, motorised mountain boards. With rapid developments in technology, high energy density batteries such as Lithium-ion Polymer batteries are becoming more affordable and highly suitable for such vehicles due to the superior charge rate and light weight of the lithium chemistry batteries. This combined with the high power, light weight, and low cost BLDC motor results in the BLDC motor being a very favourable solution over an internal combustion engine for low power vehicles with power requirements of up to 7kW. A BLDC motor controller was developed specifically for the motorised mountain board application. The motor controller is a sensored BLDC motor controller which takes inputs from Hall Effect sensors to determine the rotor position. Many other sensors are used to monitor the variables that are critical to the operation of the motor controller such as the motor phase current, battery voltage, motor temperature, and transistor temperature. The reported system is further enhanced by several additional features such as output for an LCD screen, regenerative braking, timing advance, cruise control, and soft start functions. These topics are discussed briefly in this paper.

This study proposes an improved electric differential system (EDS) for an electric vehicle (EV) with separately control of two front wheels driven using brushless DC (BLDC) motors based on robust fuzzy logic speed controllers. The speeds and torques of all wheels of the EV can change on a curved road with different surface conditions. The proposed EDS not only has important features such as reduction of EV mechanical losses and weight, but is able to separately control the speed of each front motor and lock them on such mentioned road conditions in order to make safe turn and driving. To achieve this, an improved Hall sensor signal-based synchronizing EDS along with a dynamic steering model of the EV is proposed to combine the rotor positions of the motors come from the Hall sensors signals and converting them to group of common switching signals to ensure the operation of motors with identical speed during variable steering angles and wheels torques. In spite of the recent control techniques for EDS, the proposed control strategy has simple and feasible structure with no need to auxiliary controllers. The system’s simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink toolbox for different operation modes of the EV to illustrate the proper operation of EDS and better accuracy of the control system.

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions. The performance of an EV is highly influenced by the control method of the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The main challenges in EV applications include the motor stability at low speeds and the power consumption during high acceleration changes. This research proposes a novel BLDC motor control strategy that combines Direct Power Control (DPC) and FieldOriented Control (FOC) to enhance motor efficiency and stability. The DPC method regulates the power consumption of the BLDC motor, whereas FOC ensures stability at low speeds. The proposed hybrid control system was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink on a BLDC motor drive. The simulation results indicate improved motor stability at low speeds and reduced power consumption, confirming the effectiveness of the hybrid DPC-FOC approach for BLDC motor control.

–This paper designs the high-efficiency and the low-cost drive system of the small-size electric vehicles (EVs). The power circuit for driving the dc motor is designed by considering both the cost and efficiency. In order to reduce the conduction loss of MOTFET and diode for controlling an armature voltage, some MOSFETs and diodes at the armature are in parallel connection. An operating sequence for both the field current and the armature voltage according to the accelerator pedal angle is suggested for changing smoothly the rotating direction of dc motor. Through the simulation studies, the performances of the proposed methods are verified. Keywords: Electric vehicle, conduction loss, buck converter, switching loss, DC motor 1. Introduction Recently, because environmental pollution and the energy crisis are rising globally, electric vehicles (EVs) are promising instead of traditional gasoline vehicles. As the EVs are driven by electricity stored in a battery, they still suffer from the main problem as short driving range due to the low energy content of the batteries. As how to use the battery’s energy efficiently is a hot issue for developing EVs, it is important to design the drive system of a traction motor with high efficiency. Selection of traction motors for propulsion system is very important step that requires special attention. In fact, the choice of electric-propulsion systems for EVs mostly depends on three factors: efficiency, cost, and reliability. In an industrial point of view, the major types of electric motors adapted or under serious consideration for EVs include the dc motor, an induction motor (IM), and brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The BLDC motor has been widely used in the EVs, because it provides high power density, and has higher efficiency than induction motor [1]-[3]. By the way, in order to drive the BLDC motor, the 3-phase PWM inverter and complex control system are required [4]. Recently, the price of PM has been dramatically raised. They cause the increase of the manufacturing cost of the EVs. The small-size EVs such as the golf car and scooters require the simple propulsion system in order to reduce the manufacturing cost. Although a brushed dc motor has some problems such as requirement of maintaining both the brush and commutation, it has some advantages like a simple drive system and high starting torque. Thus, the dc motor as the traction motor is more suitable at the low cost small-size EVs [5]. In this paper, the power circuit for driving the dc motors is designed by considering both the cost and efficiency. In order to reduce the conduction loss of MOTFET and diode for controlling an armature voltage, some MOSFETs and diodes at the armature are in parallel connection. An algorithm to change smoothly the rotating direction of the motor is suggested. In order to verify the performances of proposed methods, some simulation studies are carried out.

This study presents the design and development of a tire tread with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed control and monitoring system for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) in mining applications. By providing precise speed control and real-time monitoring of the motor's operating parameters, the proposed system seeks to enhance the performance of UGVs used in mining operations. A BLDC motor, a motor controller, and a monitoring system that captures data on the motor's speed, temperature, and voltage are incorporated into the tire tread design. The data is wirelessly transmitted to a central control system, enabling operators to monitor the UGV's performance and make informed maintenance and operation decisions. Experiment results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in enhancing the performance and safety of UGVs on mining sites, highlighting the system's potential for utilization in other industries.

Global warming, air pollution and sound pollution are major environmental problems faced by today’s world. Environmental pollution and increasing cost of fuels had led to the importance of using alternate sources for transportation since Internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles carries more than 40% of the pollution. Battery electric vehicles (BEV) is an alternative which received high attention in transportation industry. This paper focus on the control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor which is used to drive the Electric two-wheeler. Hardware implementation of the motor is developed and an Atmega 328 microcontroller is utilized to control the motor which is provides a speed control with current commutation. A 60V, 1000W BLDC hub Motor is used to meet the drive requirements. The mathematical modeling of BLDC motor is discussed with the mathematical equations. MATLAB Simulation is developed, and the closed loop speed control is done in Simulink. PWM pulses generated from the MCU as per the commutation sequence and loaded to control the switches of 3-phase inverter and in response to the driver inputs (start/stop, accelerator, brake) the motor speeds are dynamically varied.

In this paper, we introduce a position sensorless control method of a micro brushless dc (BLDC) motor for accurate propulsion of mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Micro BLDC motors have low back-electromotive force (back-EMF) so line back-EMF difference method is employed to amplify the extracted back-EMF. A low-pass filter (LPF) is employed to filter out the high-frequency noise caused by on-off actions of the converter. However, the LPF causes large commutation delay, which reduces control accuracy. To eliminate the commutation delay caused by the LPF, a real-time commutation delay compensation method is introduced. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

A sensorless control strategy of a high-speed 315 kW brushless dc (BLDC) motor based on a speed-independent flux linkage function is proposed in this paper. It addresses the two key challenges on the sensorless control of high-speed BLDC motor: proposing a speed-independent flux linkage function to ensure reliable operation in the low-speed range, and presenting correction strategy to provide accurate commutation points in the high-speed range. First, the sensorless detection circuit model of a 315 kW BLDC motor is discussed. The analysis shows that the speed-independent flux linkage function is really suitable for BLDC motor sensorless control strategy in the low-speed range. Then, an improved closed-loop system based on the change of current in the full speed range is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can provide a highly accurate and robust sensorless operation from near zero to 20 000 r/min.

This paper presents a single-stage isolated power factor corrected power supply (SSIPP) fed permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive. An advantage of fast voltage regulation with single voltage control loop of SSIPP is utilised to develop a power factor correction (PFC) based BLDC motor drive. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled by varying the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) feeding BLDC motor using a single voltage sensor. A boost-flyback SSIPP operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is used for the voltage control with improved power quality at AC mains. A fundamental frequency switching of VSI is used instead of pulse width modulation (PWM) switching to avoid high frequency switching losses in it. The performance of the proposed BLDC motor drive is evaluated for wide range of speed control with power quality indices with-in the recommended limits of international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2.

This project presents the design, development, and testing of a self-balancing hoverboard optimized for short-distance urban travel. The hoverboard features a lightweight, durable alloy frame capable of supporting various rider weights while remaining portable. A gyroscope-based balancing system with integrated sensors ensures stability during motion, enhancing the user experience. The propulsion system is powered by a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, providing smooth and precise speed control. A custom Battery Management System (BMS) manages energy efficiently, extending the battery life with power-saving modes during idle periods. The hoverboard is equipped with a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery, offering a balance between weight and performance for daily commuting. Safety and security are prioritized through an RFID lock and GPS tracking, allowing users to monitor the device via a mobile app. Extensive testing validated the hoverboard’s stability across diverse surfaces and rider weights, as well as its energy efficiency and suitability for urban transportation. This work demonstrates the potential of affordable, user-friendly, and energy- efficient self-balancing vehicles as practical solutions for urban mobility.

This paper presents a direct torque control (DTC) technique for brushless DC (BLDC) motors with non-sinusoidal back-EMF using four-switch inverter in the constant torque region. This approach introduces a two-phase conduction mode as opposed to the conventional three-phase DTC drives. Unlike conventional six-step PWM current and voltage control schemes, by properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two-phase conduction mode from a simple look-up table at a predefined sampling time, the desired quasi-square wave current is obtained. Therefore, a much faster torque response is achieved compared to conventional PWM current and especially voltage control schemes. In addition, for effective torque control in two phase conduction mode, a novel switching pattern incorporating with the voltage vector look-up table is designed and implemented for four-switch inverter to produce the desired torque characteristics. Furthermore, to eliminate the low-frequency torque oscillations caused by the non-ideal trapezoidal shape of the actual back-EMF waveform of the BLDC motor, pre-stored back-EMF constant versus position lookup tables are designed and used in the torque estimation. As a result, it is possible to achieve two-phase conduction DTC of a BLDC motor drive using four-switch inverter with faster torque response due to the fact that the voltage space vectors are directly controlled. Therefore, the direct torque controlled four-switch three-phase BLDC motor drive could be a good alternative to the conventional six-switch counterpart with respect to low cost and high performance. A theoretical concept is developed and the validity and effectiveness of the proposed two phase conduction four- switch DTC scheme are verified through the simulations and experimental results.