Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Geographic Information Systems from 2010 to 2014 in Khuzestan Province, Iran.

Assessing Culturally Appropriate Food Choices: A Need for Hispanic Specific Food Choices as Illustrated by GIS Mapping

The effect of salt-induced soil on growth and yield development of paddy rice in Akure, Nigeria was determined. This was to ascertain effect of various salt-inducing parameters on rice yield. Fifteen soil samples were collected and 13 parameters were analysed using standard procedures. The parameters include electrical conductivity (EC), pH, particle size, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable acidity (EA), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), phosphorus, sodium, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and magnesium. Geographic information System (GIS) mapping was also carried out on the affected areas and results compared with the international standards. From the results, predominant soil class was clay loam which is excellent for rice growth while salinity levels were not in excess to lead to stress or low rice yield although very low values of N and K were recorded. EC, CEC and EA were well below critical levels in the soil and with the exception of OM, OC, MC and pH which were statistically significant at P < 0.05, other parameters were statistically non-significant. GIS mapping also showed traces of salt but not in high concentration levels as to result in crop stress.

A quality control process has been applied to improve the water quality in the network of Sharjah city in the United Arab Emirates. The process capability of the network is measured in terms of pH and residual chlorine using the 6-sigma method. The sources of problems in this network are investigated and identified and corrective and preventive actions for each type of quality nonconformity are suggested. A geographic information system (GIS) is utilized to enhance managerial skills in supervising and improving the system. GIS maps allow remote and instantaneous monitoring of water quality in the network based on laboratory tests. Water quality in 38 locations of Sharjah city are classified according to their sources and located on GIS maps. Nonconformities are also classified according to their severity and located on the same maps to identify problematic areas. The Al-Nahda sampling point is selected as a sample location to test the process. The research showed that real time data gathered from different locations and embedded on GIS maps would provide an effective and immediate decision tool for technical managers in monitoring and improving the system.

Summary This paper introduces Geographic Information Systems (GIS) user services in libraries. It presents the concept and functions of GIS and compares the use of GIS with library map collections. GIS project in libraries are reviewed. Different kinds of GIS user services are examined. The article looks into the challenges in adding GIS to user services in libraries. User access to GIS in libraries is discussed. It argues that simplified user interfaces and multiple levels of usage are important to improve user access to GIS.

Background: The Stroke Encounter Quality Improvement Project (SEQIP) is a collaboration between certified stroke centers, the AHA/ASA and the Kentucky Department for Public Health (KDPH) to implement statewide QI initiatives to improve the care of stroke patients. From 2009 to 2018, 23 hospital in Kentucky participating in SEQIP have entered 76,222 stroke patient records into Get With The Guidelines® (GWTG) / Patient Management Tool™ (PMT). Purpose: Geographic information systems (GIS) tools can expand our understanding of care and outcomes based on patient location. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the methods of linking a disease management registry with GIS mapping and analysis program,) to understand challenges when performing this link, and to derive meaningful insight on stroke care and outcomes by zip code. Methods: Stroke data from GWTG and PMT was compiled and downloaded by KDPH. The information was converted to a database file for use in ArcGIS. After excluding those who had missing or incomplete zip codes, records were Geocoded annually from 2009 to 2018. The data were then matched to one of 945 zip codes in Kentucky. Data were summarized by zip code, calendar year by the number of ischemic strokes; number IV alteplase administration; rate ischemic stroke receiving IV alteplase; number and rate of ischemic stroke patients arriving to hospital by EMS, privately owned vehicle or transfer; and median time from last known well to hospital arrival; and medical history of hypertension. Additional data including hospitals, certified stroke centers, drive time analysis, etc. were added to maps. Results: Mapping GWTG and PMT stroke data is feasible and may allow for additional analysis by location. Conclusion: Using GIS mapping and methodology can assist hospital stroke coordinators and public health officials in developing and implementing interventions to improvement stroke care and outcomes. Further analysis including socioeconomic, demographic and marketing/consumer preference data is planned to better understand variations by zip codes. This feasibility project provides an example of a useful application of GIS analyses applied to data registry including GWTG and PMT.

Web GIS is becoming the developing hotpot for GIS With the development of Internet technology .Geographical Information System (GIS) is an information system which stores analyzes and visually express spatial data . WebGIS can Provide not only simple text and data , but also graphics and images to more and more people. WebGIS is the outcome of Internet development and information sharing . However, many traditional GIS software adopts file-based data organization, which only publishes GIS data less. The technology of publishing mass vector and image database would be restricted . It is necessary to take the proper syncretizing among such technologies as Web, software engineering, programming languages, database and GIS functions into account and consider how to provide a simple and convenient application mode to client. In This paper the author first discuss the model about the data-memory, organizing and the data publishing, then research the design model and the realize model of the Web GIS based on J2EE. Analyse the work principle , merit , demerit and the realizing method of the constitutes of Web GIS, i.e. the structure of three layers.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS), computerbased systems that allow decision makers to incorporate geographically based data into their analyses, are widespread and powerful tools in many business and scientific settings today. In this paper, we discuss ways in which GIS functionality can be implemented within the spreadsheet environment. We show the straightforward and natural analogy between several GIS functions with spreadsheet functions, particularly for raster based data. We present two realistic examples meshing analytical models with GIS methods --- an integration which is greatly enhanced by the “remarkable development platform” provided by spreadsheets. We discuss the many benefits of the spreadsheet enabled seamless integration of geographical data, mathematical analysis, and mapping displays.

In this paper we present a way to extract features and information from a digitize GIS-based map and for obtaining the open space in Rajshahi city. As we know the environment plays a most vital role for our living, the unplanned use of land can be a great threat to our environment and life. In this respect Geographic information system (GIS) gives us a way to keep track of land use through a digital map. We can capture, digitize, and store information and data in a GIS map. This paper aims to find out the useful data from the GIS based digitize map and analyze the information. After extracting the information a yearly based analysis is made and shows how terribly the number of building in Rajshahi area is increasing day by day since 1931 to 2000. And finally it is tried to make a forecast about the increasing the effect of it.

Even just a decade ago having a chapter dedicated to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in a book on methods in history would have been seen as unusual, but such is the development of digital mapping and spatial technologies over recent years that historians cannot now afford to be without them. This chapter provides an introduction to GIS and its applica- tion and potential for historical study. Given the scope of the chapter it can only be reasonably cursory and aims to show what can be done with GIS in historical research (and teaching), with some pointers for historians on how they might employ GIS and spatial technologies in their own work. It should become clear that GIS is no longer a highly specialised and technical approach to handling spatial and temporal information but an increasingly user-friendly and accessible basis for integrating, analysing and visualising historical and geographical data of a wide variety, both qualitative and quantitative in nature. With this in mind, the chapter sets out: first, what GIS is and how it works; second, why historians might wish to use GIS; thirdly, how GIS is useful for providing insights into the past; and lastly, what the future might be in using GIS for historical research, particularly its problems and challenges. The chapter also provides some directions for further study, including the locations of a growing number of digital online resources that use GIS to disseminate historical material.

Introduction: The Public Health Information and Epidemiological Cell (PHIEC) of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) utilizes the Geographic Information System (GIS) enabled integrated surveillance for collection, integration, analysis and reporting of geo-referenced epidemiological diseases in Bangalore city. Dengue fever is an emerging disease and there are minimum studies conducted in India about the GIS enabled dengue surveillance system. Objective: To assess the relationship between dengue cases and vector indices as depicted in the GIS map. Methodology: Data regarding dengue confirmed cases was obtained from PHIEC and entomological surveillance data from Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHC) for May to July 2017 in south zone of Bangalore city and active data collection was done for August and September 2017. Results: There was significant association between the number of dengue cases and the Breteau index in the month of September. However, there was no association between vector indices and the number of cases during the month of October. In some wards, contrary findings were noted between dengue vector indices and number of cases reported. Conclusion: There was a relationship between reported dengue cases and vector indices and there is a need for incorporation of entomological data into GIS system along with epidemiological and intervention data. Involvement of more private and government health care providers may help answer the gap between entomological data and number of dengue cases.

Geographical Information System (GIS) is associated as an essential tool and as a part of natural resource management activities worldwide. Though, GIS is receiving special attention in the field of hydrology and the aquaculture management, their deployment for spatial decision support in this domain continues to be very slow. This situation is owing to a variety of constraints together with an absence of appreciation of the technology, restricted understanding of GIS principles and associated methodology, and inadequate structure commitment to confirm continuity of these spatial decision support tools. This paper addresses these constraints and includes the use of basic GIS techniques. Fish and water samples were collected and analyzed from seven sites along the Cauvery river basin, Tamilnadu, India and the results were incorporated into GIS platform. The section on GIS terminology addresses the two fundamental types of GIS (Mapping and Interpretative analysis), and discusses the aspects related to the visualization of outcomes. Spatial distribution maps were prepared for the above analyzed parameters. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) tool have been applied to express the results obtained from the study area.

After a large-scale disaster, many damaged buildings are demolished and treated as disaster waste. Though the weight of disaster waste was estimated two months after the 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto, Japan, the estimated weight was significantly different from the result when the disaster waste disposal was completed in March 2018. The amount of disaster waste generated is able to be estimated by an equation by multiplying the total number of severely damaged and partially damaged buildings by the coefficient of generated weight per building. We suppose that the amount of disaster waste would be affected by the conditions of demolished buildings, namely, the areas and typologies of building structures, but this has not yet been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to use geographic information system (GIS) map data to create a time series GIS map dataset with labels of demolished and remaining buildings in Mashiki town for the two-year period prior to the completion of the disaster waste disposal. We used OpenStreetMap (OSM) data as the base data and time series SPOT images observed in the two years following the Kumamoto earthquake to label all demolished and remaining buildings in the GIS map dataset. To effectively label the approximately 16,000 buildings in Mashiki town, we calculated an indicator that shows the possibility of the buildings to be classified as the remaining and demolished buildings from a change of brightness in SPOT images. We classified 5701 demolished buildings from 16,106 buildings, as of March 2018, by visual interpretation of the SPOT and Pleiades images with reference to this indicator. We verified that the number of demolished buildings was almost the same as the number reported by Mashiki municipality. Moreover, we assessed the accuracy of our proposed method: The F-measure was higher than 0.9 using the training dataset, which was verified by a field survey and visual interpretation, and included the labels of the 55 demolished and 55 remaining buildings. We also assessed the accuracy of the proposed method by applying it to all the labels in the OSM dataset, but the F-measure was 0.579. If we applied test data including balanced labels of the other 100 demolished and 100 remaining buildings, which were other than the training data, the F-measure was 0.790 calculated from the SPOT image of 25 March 2018. Our proposed method performed better for the balanced classification but not for imbalanced classification. We studied the examples of image characteristics of correct and incorrect estimation by thresholding the indicator.

In this paper a new method is developed to make a dynamic layout adjustment and navigation for enterprise Geographic Information System(GIS) based on object mark recognition. The extraction of object mark images is based on some morphological structural patterns, which are described by morphological structural points, contour property, and other geometrical data in a binary image of enterprise geographic information map. Some pre-processing methods, contour smooth following, linearization and extraction patterns of structural points, are introduced. If any special object is selected to make a decision in a GIS map, the all information around it will be obtained. That is, we need to investigate similar object enterprises around selected region to analyse whether it is necessary for establishing the object enterprise at that place. To further navigate GIS map, we need to move from one region to another. Each time a region is formed and displayed based on the user’s focus. If a focus point of a map is selected, in terms of extracted object mark image, a dynamic layout and navigation diagram is constructed. When the user changes the focus (i. e. click a node in the navigation mode), a new sub-diagram is formed by dropping old nodes and adding new nodes. The prototype system provides effective interfaces that support GIS image navigation, detailed local image/map viewing, and enterprise information browsing.

The importance of geographic information system (GIS) in daily life is well known as it is really helpful and eases the user. GIS is basically a database system with software that can analyse and display data using digitized maps and tables for planning and decision-making. Unfortunately, there are people in rural area that far from unreachable to apply this GIS tool in life. Thus, this reviewed study aimed to provide further understanding of the application of GIS in emergency preparedness for rural areas. It also will be able to recognize a management information system for rural planning. This systematic literature review concentrates on previous research starting from 2015 to 2020 to evaluate the application of GIS in mapping, transportation planning and network service. From 24 papers that have been analysed under eligibility test, 37.5% of them reviewed on the application of GIS, another 37.5% on emergency preparedness and 25% for rural area. The result shows there is a common type of knowledge and the way it can respond to emergency preparedness. Nevertheless, there are fewer cases related to rural areas and it shows the need for more case studies and experimental research to support this promising field. In conclusion, to meet present day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluate the effectiveness of GIS in rural areas.

Background:Tuberculosis (TB) spread pattern is influenced by geographic and social factors. Nowadays Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the most important epidemiological instrumentation identifying high-risk population groups and geographic areas of TB. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between climate and geographic distribution of TB in Khuzestan Province using GIS during 2005–2012.Methods:Through an ecological study, all 6363 patients with definite diagnosis of TB from 2005 until the end of September 2012 in Khuzestan Province, southern Iran were diagnosed. Data were recorded using TB- Register software. Tuberculosis incidence based on the climate and the average of annual rain was evaluated using GIS. Data were analyzed through SPSS software. Independent t-test, ANOVA, Linear regression, Pearson and Eta correlation coefficient with a significance level of less than 5% were used for the statistical analysis.Results:The TB incidence was different in various geographic conditions. The highest mean of TB cumulative incidence rate was observed in extra dry areas (P= 0.017). There was a significant inverse correlation between annual rain rate and TB incidence rate (R= −0.45, P= 0.001). The lowest TB incidence rate (0–100 cases per 100,000) was in areas with the average of annual rain more than 1000 mm (P= 0.003).Conclusion:The risk of TB has a strong relationship with climate and the average of annual rain, so that the risk of TB in areas with low annual rainfall and extra dry climate is more than other regions. Services and special cares to high-risk regions of TB are recommended.