Convergent validity of two decision making style measures

The study aimed to assess the impact of intolerance to uncertainty, fatigue, and decision-making styles among adults. The present study addresses the existing gap in examining these variables simultaneously. Uncertainty and fatigue are key factors that determine the quality of decision-making engagement and the approach an individual opts for. Data of 226 adults, between the age group of 18–43, was used as they include the population of both emerging adults and millennials. For this cross-sectional survey design, standardized scales such as the Intolerance to Uncertainty Short Form (IU-SF), General Decision-Making Style (GDMS), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) were used. Data were analysed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression. Results showed that intolerance to uncertainty had a significant positive relationship with fatigue, as well as with avoidant and dependent decision-making styles. Fatigue demonstrated a negative correlation with the rational style and positive correlations with avoidant and dependent styles. Regression analysis indicated that intolerance to uncertainty significantly predicted avoidant and dependent decision-making, while fatigue negatively predicted rational style and positively predicted dependent style, although the effect sizes were small. Intuitive and spontaneous styles were unaffected by uncertainty and fatigue, suggesting that these rely more on instinctive and immediate reactions rather than cognitive or emotional factors. The findings highlight the complex nature of decision-making under uncertain and fatiguing conditions.

Lecturers’ Satisfaction towards University Management & Decision-making Styles in some Malaysian Public Universities

The present study aimed at investigating the relation between big five personality traits and decision-making styles among Arab undergraduate students in Israeli universities. Big-five Inventory was used to assess the personality traits and General Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire was used to assess the decision-making styles. 408 students took part in this study. A convenient sampling technique was followed to collect the samples. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way Anova and Pearson correlation coefficient test were the methods used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the rational decision-making style attained the highest value, while the spontaneous was the lowest. The agreeableness and the conscientiousness were the prominent personality traits among the participants. Findings showed that the rational and avoidant styles were significantly associated with all the personality traits. The dependent style had a positive relation with agreeableness and neuroticism. Whereas, the avoidant style had negative relation with extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness. The spontaneous style had a negative relation with agreeableness and conscientiousness, positive relation with neuroticism. The intuitive style had a positive relation with extraversion, openness to experience and neuroticism. The findings will help school counselors to shape students' personality and develop leadership qualities to take better decisions.

urpose: The main goal of this research was to verify the adopted research thesis, i.e.: design engineers have a unique and uniform procedure applied in the decision-making process, which affects their ability to create new solutions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper's authors assumed that experts – design engineers have specific personality traits that determine their decision-making style. In order to verify this assumption was maked: analysis of selected personality traits of experts, assessment of individual decision-making styles, detailed analysis of the decision-making process, within which the design of innovative toothed gear pumps is carried out, decision-making analysis related to the development of a new innovative solution, analysis of the impact of personality traits and decision-making style on the process of designing innovative gear pumps. The study used tools such as the Decision-Making Styles Inventory – KSPD, Expert Behavior Questionnaire – EBQ, Expert Mind Questionnaire – EMQ, and SCAMPER technique. Findings: The analysis of the obtained results allows us to assume that the selected team of experts allows for creating and generating new solutions while maintaining the desired level of caution in the scope of risk analyses. In the case of forming project teams, the use of tools that support their selection, such as EBQ and EMQ, can be considered an advantage. Such analyses can be supplemented by the application of the KSPD. As a result of the broad analyses of the decision-maker's personality, it is possible to characterize the experts in terms of their predispositions to create new innovative solutions. Moreover, a distinctly rational approach to decision-making constitutes a common feature for designer engineers, which is supported by intuition at the same time. However, the research presented in the work shows that expert design engineers utilize intuition in their work and then make decisions based on facts and data. This style is strongly correlated with the areas of expert behaviors concerning cognitive motivation and open-mindedness. Originality/value: Identify unique personality traits for design engineers and define their impact on the effectiveness of their decisions. Keywords: decision-making process, design engineers, personality traits, intuition, rational approach. Category of the paper: Research paper, case study.

To assess and describe pet owners' motivation and decision-making styles related to pet weight loss programs. The study population consisted of dog and cat owners whose pets were participants in the University of Tennessee's Veterinary Obesity Center (UTVOC) or Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center's Healthy Weight Clinic (KSUHWC), presenting for either initial or recheck appointments. In this prospective study, participants completed an online survey utilizing modified versions of the Situation Motivational Scale (SIMS) and Weight Loss Motivation Questionnaire (WLMQ) to assess motivation and the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) to assess decision-making styles. The questionnaire was available between January 23, 2024, and June 16, 2024. There were 53 survey respondents (UTVOC, n = 31; KSUHWC, 22). According to the SIMS results, identified regulation was the most common motivational style, and, according to the GDMS results, rational was the most common decision-making style in our study. The WLMQ revealed that health factors were the most important motivational factors for pet owners, compared to appearance-related factors. In this study, the most common types of motivation and decision-making styles among pet owners were identified regulation and rational decision-making. The main reason pet owners were motivated to help their pets lose weight was due to concerns about their pet's health. Clinicians can use the study results to better understand the motivational and decision-making styles of pet owners whose pets are enrolled in weight loss programs. Future directions could assess whether aligning veterinary interactions with pet owners' preferred styles improves weight loss program outcomes.

The current study aimed to assess: i) whether executive functioning (EF) mediates the association of age with different decision-making (DM) styles in adults, and ii) whether these mediational associations change with age in adulthood. Our sample included 195 adults (110 young adults and 85 middle-aged adults; 95 males) selected from different government, semi-government, and private sector organizations. They were assessed on a self-report measure of General Decision-making Styles and on two EF tests: the Design Fluency Test and the Color-Word Interference Test from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Functions System. Results indicated that EF mediated the association of age with three decision-making styles including dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous DM. However, a conditional indirect effect of EF was significant only for spontaneous DM, indicating stronger indirect effects for middle-aged adults than for young adults. The findings highlight the idea that EF is an important factor in DM, particularly during middle adulthood.

The unfavorable relations of the Rational and Experiential Inventory Experiential scale with objective criterion measures and its limited content validity led Norris and Epstein to propose a more content-valid measure of the experiential thinking style, the Rational and Experiential Multimodal Inventory (REIm), in order to assess the several facets of a broader experiential system consisting of interrelated components. This study aimed to provide the Italian validation of the inventory by examining its psychometric features, its factor structure (Study 1, N = 545), and its convergent and discriminant validity (Study 2, N = 257). Study 1 supported the 2- and 4-factor solutions, and multi-group analyses confirmed the invariance measurement across age and gender for both models. Study 2 provided evidence for both the convergent validity by supporting the theoretical associations among Rational and Experiential Multimodal Inventory scores and similar and related measures, and the discriminant validity by showing associations between the two thinking styles and a different but conceptually related construct, i.e., identity formation. No associations between Rational and Experiential Multimodal Inventory scores and social desirability were found. The Italian version of the Rational and Experiential Multimodal Inventory showed satisfactory psychometric properties, thus confirming its validity.

Decision-making style mediates the relationship between trait self-control and self-reported criminal behavior

In heavy equipment and mining companies, it is important to always maintain the quality of the products and services provided to customers. Quality Management System (QMS) as a standard has a very important role in maintaining the company's business continuity. Quality management includes customer focus, leadership, people engagement, process approach, improvement, evidence-based decision making, and relationship management. Middle management leadership and decision-making styles as well as the implementation of QMS are examined in this study to see the extent of their correlation with firm performance. The research was conducted on a heavy equipment company in Indonesia with a case study of PT. United Tractors, Tbk by involving 55 middle management respondents and 310 subordinates in 55 branch offices/sites throughout Indonesia. The results of the study concluded that QMS implementation was the only construct in this study that was positively relationship to firm performance, while decision making style was negatively relationship and leadership style was not significantly relationship. In another section, it was also confirmed that leadership style was negatively relationship to decision making style, it was also found that leadership and decision-making style middle management had no relationship to QMS implementation. Leadership style middle management PT. United Tractors, Tbk is known to be more inclined to the laissez faire style compared to the transformational and transactional styles, while the decision-making style is strongly predicted to dependent style compared that avoidant, rational and spontaneous styles. Keyword: Leadership style, Decision making style, QMS implementation, Firm performance

Studies on decision-making have classically focused exclusively on its cognitive component. Recent research has shown that a further essential component of decisional processes is the emotional one. Indeed, the emotional route in decision-making plays a crucial role, especially in situations characterized by ambiguity, uncertainty, and risk. Despite that, individual differences concerning such components and their associations with individual traits, decisional styles, and psychophysiological profiles are still understudied. This pilot study aimed at investigating the relationship between individual propensity toward using an emotional or cognitive information-processing route in decision-making, EEG and autonomic correlates of the decisional performance as collected via wearable non-invasive devices, and individual personality and decisional traits. Participants completed a novel task based on realistic decisional scenarios while their physiological activity (EEG and autonomic indices) was monitored. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data on personality traits, individual differences, and decisional styles. Data analyses highlighted two main findings. Firstly, different personality traits and decisional styles showed significant and specific correlations, with an individual propensity toward either emotional or cognitive information processing for decision-making. Secondly, task-related EEG and autonomic measures presented a specific and distinct correlation pattern with different decisional styles, maximization traits, and personality traits, suggesting different latent profiles.

Assessing decision-making styles of business students is crucial, particularly in China, because the government increasingly encourages business graduates to establish their own businesses as startups. The authors’ aim was to employ both the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire and General Decision-Making Style measure to investigate whether differences exist in terms of decision-making styles between students with and without business experience, and whether gender is a moderating factor. The findings will assist in curriculum reform of business education in Chinese universities. More attention should be paid to training students’ decision-making styles, especially the rational style for students without business experience.

The authors evaluated the reliability and validity of a set of 7 behavioral decision-making tasks, measuring different aspects of the decision-making process. The tasks were administered to individuals from diverse populations. Participants showed relatively consistent performance within and across the 7 tasks, which were then aggregated into an Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) index that showed good reliability. The validity of the 7 tasks and of overall A-DMC emerges in significant relationships with measures of socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, and decision-making styles. Participants who performed better on the A-DMC were less likely to report negative life events indicative of poor decision making, as measured by the Decision Outcomes Inventory. Significant predictive validity remains when controlling for demographic measures, measures of cognitive ability, and constructive decision-making styles. Thus, A-DMC appears to be a distinct construct relevant to adults' real-world decisions.

There are 5 independent, although not mutually exclusive, styles used by military officers when making decisions: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous (Scott & Bruce, 1995). The rational and intuitive styles are part of the cognitive style concept, whereas the conceptual foundation of the remaining 3 styles is less clear. The dependent and the avoidant styles were expected to be accompanied by increased levels of negative stress, while this was not expected of the remaining 3 styles. This hypothesis was put to test. Twenty-three male Swedish Army majors were asked to make decisions in 2 different military situations. Their decision styles were measured by the General Decision Making Style inventory (GDMS; Scott & Bruce, 1995). Saliva cortisol release indicated negative stress and was measured on 4 occasions: twice before, after the first decision, and after the second decision. The avoidant style was related to negative stress, as predicted. There was, however, no difference between the base-line measurements and the after-decision measurements, suggesting that officers with an avoidant decision style may, in general, have higher levels of cortisol secretion (i.e., being more of the worrying kind).

Judging from the realm of Islamic Religious Education graduates, they have a graduate profile that is expected to be a center in education that produces superior Islamic Educators. However, in reality, there are students who graduate from Islamic Religious Education who have a background as educators or education graduates who prefer to work in non-educational fields. The impact of this phenomenon itself can lead to other phenomena, so this study seeks to provide a description of how this phenomenon can occur and of course this is influenced by several factors in decision making, decision-making styles and what difficulties are faced after making a decision to work in a non-profit sector. education. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Sources of data came from 10 students who graduated from Islamic Religious Education UNP who worked in the non-educational field by conducting in-depth interviews. The results of the interviews were analyzed systematically with four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Overall, the results of the analysis show that the internal factors that influence the decision making of PAI graduate students are interests and talents, as well as personality. Then three external factors that influence, namely: 1) parents, 2) environment, 3) salary/financial. Meanwhile, there are two decision-making styles used by PAI graduate students, namely the rational style and the intuitive style.

The decision-making style of Cagayan State University’s middle managers (college deans) is crucial in the process of its development. Thus, this study investigated the decision-making style of the deans and the managerial ethics using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study included 15 college deans and 229 faculty members. It utilized standardized and self-made questionnaires and interview guide. Results showed that the majority of the deans displayed moderate risk-taking behavior and normative decision-making style. They displayed high risk-taking behavior in loading and promotion; they used thinker decision-making style and beneficence as managerial ethics. The position of the deans is situated in such a way that there is pressure from above (from top management) and from below (subordinates). They are caught in a dilemma on how to bring organizational results or show loyalty to the top officials who designated them and one hand, how to maintain smooth interpersonal relationship with their subordinates.Keywords: Social Science, decision-making style, risk-taking behavior, beneficence, quantitative and qualitative method, Philippines