Coroutines Comunications. Design and Implementation Issues in C++20

The proliferation of programming languages has raised many issues of language design, definition, and implementation. This paper presents a series of ten mini-languages, each of which exposes salient features found in existing programming languages. The value of the mini-languages lies in their brevity of description and the isolation of important linguistic features: in particular, the notions of assignment, transfer of control, functions, parameter passing, type checking, data structures, string manipulation, and input/output. The mini-languages may serve a variety of uses: notably, as a pedagogical tool for teaching programming languages, as a subject of study for the design of programming languages, and as a set of test cases for methods of language implementation or formal definition.

There is a need to study various approaches in the reuse of object-oriented design patterns and aspect oriented design approach in enterprise systems for architecture and its implementation. The development of aspect oriented requirements gathering approach, design and implementation issues for development of enterprise systems needs to be further refined in the context of reused software applications in industry. This paper discusses the software reuse in the design and implementation for aspect oriented design language in general and derives the specific requirements for the AOSDDL (Aspect Oriented Software Development Design Language) design language architecture by examining the Aspect J extensions for a distributed computing environment that is proposed within this work.

During the APL86 conference in Manchester, England, we conducted a questionnaire survey of some aspects of "APL Thinking." We feel that the findings are as useful now as then, so to provide feedback to the APL community, we summarize the results here.The purpose of the survey was to understand how people think while programming in APL. Our ultimate aim is to improve the learning, teaching, and dissemination of APL.Respondents were specifically asked to concentrate on the thinking processes involved in APL programming, rather than on applications, language design and enhancements, or environment and implementation issues. (See the sample form on page 8 for a facsimile of the questionnaire.)

While random-assignment experiments have considerable conceptual appeal, the validity and reliability of results depends crucially on a number of design and implementation issues. This paper reviews the major experiment in class size reduction-Tennessee’s Project STAR-and puts the results in the context of existing nonexperimental evidence about class size. The nonexperimental evidence uniformly indicates no consistent improvement in achievement with class size reductions. This evidence comes from very different sources and methodologies, making the consistency of results quite striking. The experimental evidence from the STAR experiment is typically cited as providing strong support of current policy proposals to reduce class size. Detailed review of the evidence, however uncovers a number of important design and implementation issues that suggest considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of any treatment effects. Moreover there is reason to believe that the commonly cited results are biased upwards. Ignoring consideration of the uncertainties and possible biases in the experiment, the results show effects that are limited to very large (and expensive) reductions in kindergarten or possibly first grade class sizes. No support for smaller reductions in class size (i.e., reductions resulting in class sizes greater than 13–17 students) or for reductions in later grades is found in the STAR results.

Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) is a standard in avionics system design. However, the communication patterns provided by AADL are not sufficient to the current context of Real-Time Embedded System (RTES) in which some multi-periodic communication patterns may occur. We propose an extension of a precedence model between tasks of different periods (multiperiodic communication). This relies on the Semaphore Precedence Constraint (SPC) model that is inspired from the concept of Semaphore, and more specifically on the m-n producer/consumer paradigm. We reinforce the SPC semantics by allowing cycles in the SPC precedence graph. We also present another viewpoint on the periodicity of tasks system using SPC based on a graph apart from the encoding technique presented in the SPC seminal work. An implementation of SPC in AADL and its associated analysis tool are also provided to study the temporal behaviour of systems using SPC.

Welcome to the DATE 08 Conference Proceedings. DATE combines the world's favourite electronic systems design conference and Europe's leading international exhibition for electronic design, automation and test, from system level hardware and software implementation right down to integrated circuit design. The DATE 08 event features a technical program with 77 sessions covering the latest developments in system design and embedded software, IC design/test methodologies and EDA tools, together with an exhibition with the leading EDA, silicon and IP providers showing their new products and services. Challenges that you all face or soon will face in your daily practice are the increasing design complexity of highly integrated systems, the introduction of reconfigurability and embedded software, and the control of power and variability in nanometer IC designs. All these issues will be addressed in this year's DATE event. For the 11th successive year DATE has prepared an exciting technical programme, with the help of the more than 400 members of the Technical Programme Committee, who dedicated their time to thoroughly review the 839 submissions in 37 topics, ranging from system level down to circuit design and covering all the most relevant application domains. The submissions are organised in 4 major areas: D --- Design Methods, Tools, Algorithms and Languages A --- Application Design T --- Test Methods, Tools and Innovative Experiences E --- Embedded Software After a thorough review and selection process (with an average of 5 reviews per paper), finally 198 regular papers were selected for presentation at the conference. Additionally, there are 46 Interactive Presentations that are organised in 5 IP sessions. Together with the invited special sessions (panels, embedded tutorials and hot topic sessions), this has resulted in a high-quality technical program. The technical program provides a wide but high-quality coverage of design, design automation and test topics, from the system level to the integrated circuit level. Compared with previous years, submissions in the Embedded Software track has increased by 50%, showing a clear trend towards a comprehensive system design focus with integrated hardware and software solutions. DATE has established itself firmly as a true Electronic System Design Conference. This year the conference is held in Germany, at the ICM in Munich and spans an entire working week from Monday March 10 to Friday March 14. On Monday, eleven pre-conference tutorials will be given. The three-full day tutorials cover topics of great interest for system design. The first tutorial deals with techniques to automatically realising embedded system from high-level functional models. The second tutorial addresses the different issues related to communication based design and architectures in automotive electronic systems. The third tutorial discusses several key concepts on system-level design and application mapping for wireless and multimedia MPSoC architectures. Furthermore, eight half-day tutorials are also given, which cover a wide spectrum of topics on specification, modelling, design and test. The main conference opens on Tuesday March 11, with two very interesting and complementary keynote speeches. Dominique Vernay, Chief Technical Officer for Thales, will talk about the challenges of embedded systems design, and Giovanni de Micheli, Professor at EPFL, will present his views on designing micro/nano systems for a safer and healthier tomorrow. On the same day, the Executive Track offers a series of business panels with executives discussing hot topics in design: the perils of 45 nanometers, the changes in EDA strategies from IDM, to fablite to fabless, and embedded systems level design strategies. DATE 08 will again offer two specific days related to special themes. On Wednesday March 12, a special full-day track is devoted to Automotive Electronics---Software and Architecture. This special-day track will focus on the challenges faced by the automotive supply chain with particular attention to system and software architecture design. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of automotive architectures, including ECUs, sensors and communication standards and discusses how new methods, tools and standards for interoperability and component-based design can deal with the increasing complexity of software systems and their need for reliability and guaranteed timely behaviour. In addition, it addresses to what degree existing standards, including AUTOSAR and FLEXRAY and model-based development, can support the development of safety and time-critical software. On Thursday March 13, a second special full-day track focuses on Dependable Embedded Systems. This track will address both conceptual and applied issues for design, analysis and validation of dependable embedded systems. The utility of embedded systems and services is based, in large part, on our depending on their sustained functionality in spite of the encountered operational or malicious disruptions. As the number of transient and also permanent disruptions (given the decreasing device geometries, higher device density, lower voltage latching, faster clocks etc) is expected to increase substantially, this will not only be a key issue for the hardware community but also the systems community in general. Solutions using a combination of hardware and software might be more effective than hardware-only or software-only solutions. This track focuses on both conceptual and applied issues for design, analysis and validation of dependable embedded systems. Besides these special tracks, the main conference is organized in six parallel tracks of sessions, three devoted to design methods, tools, algorithms and languages, one to application design, one to test methods, tools and innovative experiences, and finally one to embedded software. The presentations of the selected regular papers in these parallel tracks are complemented by nine Special Sessions and two Invited Industrial Sessions. The special sessions are organized in the form of panels, hot topics, and embedded tutorials. The topics to be covered include quantitative evaluation for embedded systems design, design and manufacturing at 32 and 22nm, software for wireless networked embedded systems, test challenges for low power devices, quantitative productivity measurement in IC design, and 3D Integration. The two invited industrial sessions deal with industrial system designs in transportation and information technologies. To emphasise that DATE is the major event for the designers, DATE 08 features also invited sessions where Europe's famous consumer industry presents their best designs and design practices. Friday March 14 is the day for the DATE workshops. DATE 08 offers workshops on current and emerging important issues in design, test, EDA and software to complement the regular conference. They provide a unique opportunity for the various research and design communities to spend a day discussing the latest and the best, sharing their experiences and visions. This year's workshop program includes eight workshop themes. Four workshops are related to software engineering, ranging from dependable software to modelling, analysis and development tools. Four other workshop themes cover a variety of topics such as the impact of process variations on design and test, the merging world of Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems, new directions in high level synthesis, and heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware. Each workshop features presentations, invited or submitted, from highly distinguished academic and industrial researchers. Finally, throughout the conference days, DATE offers a comprehensive overview of commercial design and verification tools in its large exhibition hall. Exhibitors include EDA vendors, silicon, FPGA and IP providers showing their new products and services. In addition, there is an Exhibition Theatre featuring talks from engineering managers of the leading electronic manufacturers on first-hand design experiences of commercial EDA tools. New this year is the European projects village where different European and large government funded projects will be able to show their ongoing research and results to the design community and have the opportunity for internal meetings and discussions. The DATE week will be also an opportunity for students and universities to show their research work, through the PhD Forum on Monday evening and the University Booth where hardware and software demonstrations will be shown by different universities on a rotation schedule. The DATE 08 event's program will be particularly attractive to industrial designers, at analog, IC, FPGA and embedded system level, as well as software designers, to researchers and academics as well as to design managers, and an increasing attendance is expected. We therefore invite you to take full advantage of the many opportunities offered to you by DATE 08, to extend your knowledge and/or business in electronic system's design and to exploit the abundant networking possibilities offered to socialise with colleagues, including fringe meetings and a memorable social party with bands and dancing. We hope that you will all enjoy the DATE 08 Conference and Exhibition.

Longitudinal or panel surveys, in which the same individuals are interviewed repeatedly over time, are increasingly common in the social sciences. The benefit of such surveys is that they track the same respondents so that researchers can measure individual-level change over time, offering greater causal leverage than cross-sectional surveys. Panel surveys share the challenges of other surveys while also facing several unique issues in design, implementation, and analysis. This chapter considers three such challenges: (1) the tension between continuity and innovation in the questionnaire design; (2) panel attrition, whereby some individuals who complete the first wave of the survey fail to participate in subsequent waves; and (3) specific types of measurement error—panel conditioning and seam bias. It includes an overview of these issues and their implications for data quality and outlines approaches for diagnosing and correcting for these issues in the design and analysis of panel surveys.

Design and implementation issues are discussed for a fuzzy information retrieval system using a knowledge-based system approach. In this context, system performance is identified as a critical point, and heuristics are suggested for a constrained spreading activation in the knowledge base and for optimization of the retrieval procedure. The design and implementation issues outlined are being tested in a prototype system named FIRST (Fuzzy Information Retrieval SysTem), which is being implemented in Prolog on a personal workstation. >

Design and implementation issues in an integrated database management system for engineering design environment

This paper covers a general design guidelines, implementation issues as well as performance limitations of a clock-jitter insensitive multibit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) topology for high-performance low-power continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators. Since, the considered DAC building block uses a time-variant feedback pulse shape both the clock jitter influence as well as the slew rate and bandwidth requirements of the used amplifiers are reduced so that also the overall power consumption of the modulator is decreased. It will be shown that the proposed concept provides various benefits over the commonly used current-source DACs. Additionally, the influence of a number of circuit non-idealities is analytically determined and verified by behavioural simulations in order to minimize their impact on the modulator performance on the one hand and to optimize the overall power consumption on the other hand. In particular, the effects of clock jitter, random device mismatch, finite switch resistance, circuit noise as well as the limited output impedance is analyzed. Besides, the impact of amplifier confinements like finite DC-gain as well as gain-bandwidth are evaluated.

This study aims to identify and analyse the influencing factors on the processes of diffusion between fashion and politics as well as to determine forms and methods of their interaction which now appear to emerge as a separate topic for scientific research (e.g. aestheticism within political life and political dimension of the fashion itself). On the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, politics and fashion are comprehensively analyzed as two important social regulators. This analysis uses historical sources, theoretical and methodological developments of Ukrainian and foreign scientists who studied the process of diffusion between fashion and politics. Such processes of diffusion were identified and considered accordingly within the most significant factors of influence: politics is the dictator of fashion; fashion is a symbol of a political movement; political leaders are dictators of fashion; fashion is the language and weapon of fashion designers. A comprehensive analysis showed that over the centuries in all contries of the world fashion performed the role of an identifier of the social stratification of society, was an indicator of social status, a reflection of political processes. Fashion is considered as an ideological imagery of a political movement and a symbol of the idea represented by an image. Also, functions of fashionable symbols have been revealed. It was determined that national revolutionary movements and wars influence fashion innovations, in particular, the development of patriotic clothing style (national clothing style; revolutionary fashion; military fashion). The process of diffusion is considered based on the analysis of the visual image of political leaders. It has been determined that the visual image plays an important role in the formation of the image of the state, as it is shaped within the consciousness of society and with the help of associative connection. Fashion also plays an important role in the evolution of political identities. Conceptual presentations of fashion collections have been proven to be a spectacular and an effective form of diffusion between fashion and politics. Such shows present a scenographic character of protest and manifest and are powerful and effective in influencing collective political consciousness of a society. Since the visuality is a priority in postmodern culture, one of the relevant topics for further research will be the issue of design and fashion in the field of political imagelogy of the post-war period in Ukraine, which will also encompass topics on development strategies and methods as well as influencing factors and effective tools.

This paper evaluates the delivery and learning outcomes of an interactive postgraduate geography and development MSc programme taught partially over the Internet, to students living in some of the most connectivity-poor regions of the world. It focuses particularly on the experiences of course developers, tutors and students, with the distance strand of a Master's Programme pioneered by Royal Holloway, University of London, and IW:LEARN (International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network), a UNDP-implemented project of the Global Environment Facility. Issues of design and implementation are discussed, with particular reference to pedagogical and financial questions and the considerable technical and personnel difficulties encountered. Comparability of experience between distance and residential students forms a central concern.

Reforming Aid: Toward More Predictable, Performance-Based Financing for Development

A novel comprehensive optimal PMU placement considering practical issues in design and implementation of a wide-area measurement system

Programmable hardware is gaining popularity as it can keep pace with growing performance demand in tight power budget, design and test cost, and serious reliability concerns of future multiprocessor embedded systems. Compatible with this trend, Network-on-Chip, as a potential bottleneck of future multi-cores, should also support pro-grammability. Here, we address this issue in design and implementation of routing algorithm for two-dimensional mesh. To this end, we allocate paths based on input traffic pattern and in parallel with customizing routing restriction for deadlock freedom. To achieve this, we propose extended turn model (ETM), a novel parametric deadlock-free routing for 2D meshes that generalize prior turn-based routing methods (e.g., odd-even) with great degree of freedoms. This model facilitates design of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach, which considers channel dependency turns as independent variables and decides for both path allocation and routing restriction. We solve this problem by genetic algorithm and evaluate it using simulation experiments. Results reveal that application-aware ETM-based path allocation outperforms prior turn-based approaches under synthetic and real traffic loads.