CORRIGENDUM

Elasticity modulus is the most important and most characteristic of the mechanical properties which express the degree of materials. The work aimed to explore the changes of elasticity modulus in asthma rats lung and the effect of different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment, such as lung-diffusing therapy, body resistance-strengthening therapy, integrated therapy of lung-diffusing and body resistance-strengthening, to them. We copied rat asthma model using ovalbumin, then gavaged treatment with three Chinese medicine, After 4 weeks, we researched the changes of modulus elasticity in asthma rats lung based on the biological elasticity modulus detection system, and researched the impact of three TCM treatment to them. We found the elasticity modulus of rats lung in normal group is less than those in other groups, and there is statistically significant difference between normal group and model group, prednisone group, body resistance-strengthening group. There also is statistically significant difference between prednisone group and the combination of lung-diffusing and body resistance-strengthening group. TCM treatment can improve the elastic modulus of asthmatic rats lung, and it probable is one of the mechanisms of the treatment of asthma.

The effect of thermal treatment temperatures on the dynamic and static modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) was evaluated. The dynamic MOE was measured using ultrasound and resonance methods in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The static MOE was determined by the three-point bending test. The dynamic MOE values determined by the ultrasound method were higher than the static MOE values in each case. As the temperature of the thermal treatment increased, the difference between the dynamic and static MOE values decreased. The MOE increased with increasing temperature, and it was more pronounced on a tangential surface. Increasing the sensor distance had a positive effect on the correlation between the static and dynamic MOE, and the effect from the increased temperature decreased. Measurement by the resonance method showed twice as high MOE values in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. The thermal treatment caused a significant decrease in the MOE only in the transverse direction, and the differences were insignificant in the longitudinal direction. The dynamic MOE values measured by the resonance method were higher than the static MOE values but slightly lower than the values measured by the ultrasound method.

Highway widening has become an effective way to improve the carrying capacity of existing expressways. However, assume that the differential settlement between the new and the old subgrades is not controlled. In that case, it will lead to longitudinal cracks on the pavement, which will seriously affect the safety of vehicles. In this study, the variations of elastic modulus and dynamic elastic modulus of new and old subgrades under traffic load were studied by tests. A hyperbolic model of dynamic elastic modulus increasing with strain is proposed. The numerical calculation model of new and old subgrades under traffic load is established. The deformation characteristics of new and old subgrades without treatment measures and setting up geogrid and geocell are studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) with the increase of traffic load and subgrade depth, the elastic modulus changes significantly in the early stage and small in the later stage. (2) Under the condition of no treatment measures, the vertical and horizontal deformation of the subgrade surface show a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the distance from the center line of the subgrade. (3) Setting geogrid and geocell can effectively reduce the differential settlement of the old and new subgrades. (4) The effect of setting geogrid to reduce the differential settlement of old and new subgrades is better than that of setting geogrid.

It is well known that tin exhibits an allotropic transformation from white tin which has a tetragonal lattice to grey tin which has a cubic diamond type lattice at about 13.2 ° C. The relaxation effects and the internal friction developed near the phase transition temperature is generally characterized by the form and volume of the new phase and its internal structure [1]. Many theories [2-4] discussed the atomic origin controlling the mechanism responsible for such a relaxation process. The present work aims to throw more light on the role of phase change on the mechanical properties of tin through a study of the temperature dependence of internal friction, elastic modulus and steady creep rate near the phase transition temperature. thare tin wires of 0.025 cm in diameter were used in the present tests. The test samples were pre.annealed for 2h at 85 ° C. A vibration detector circuit previously described [5] was used to measure both the internal friction, Q-I, and elastic modulus changes, AE. The elastic modulus was traced through changes in the square of the natural frequency of test samples having frequencies of vibration ranging between 20 and 120 Hz. Internal friction and elastic modulus changes of tin wire samples were measured as a function of temperature in the range 0-45 ° C. Measurements were taken while the temperature was gradually increased. The standing time for observation at each temperature did not exceed two minutes. Different degrees of deformation by pre-plastic extension was effected by a locally made tensile

Intrinsically Viscoelastic Supramolecular Conjugated Polymer toward Suppressing Coffee-Ring Effect

Evaluation of residual mechanical properties of concrete after exposure to high temperatures using impact resonance method

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of alternate wetting and drying, as well as of continuous drying, on the volume, weight, and dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity of portland blast-furnace cement concretes. Identical experiments were carried out with normal portland cement concretes so that the results for each type of cement used might be compared with one another. Two types of portland blast-furnace cement-one is of high slag content (65% slag by weight) and the other of low slag content (45% slag by weight) -were used in making concretes used in the experiments. The following results were obtained : 1. In drying shrinkage there was no difference between portland blast-furnace cement concretes and normal portland cement concretes, regardless of water-cement ratio, the length of curing period, and the amount of entrained air.2. When stored in water, portland blast-furnace cement concretes showed a greater expansion than normal portland cement concretes.3. The change in volume and weight of concretes caused by alternate wetting and drying had little relation to the type of cement used. In the change in dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity caused by the same process, however, the tendencies showed by portland blastfurnace cement concretes and normal portland cement concretes were markedly different from one another.

Analysis of the static and dynamic elastic moduli of a one-coat rendering mortar with laboratory and in situ samples

The evolution of elastic moduli with increasing crack damage during cyclic stressing of a basalt from Mt. Etna volcano

Analysis of a typical railway turnout sleeper system using grillage beam analogy

Experimental study on fracture failure characteristics evaluation of wooden pallets in humid-cold environment based on piezoelectric technology

Influence of ionizing irradiation on the visco-elastic properties of polymethylmethacrylate and poly-4-methylpentene-1

This study investigated the relationship between the change in the shear elastic modulus and the change in muscle length using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Four thigh muscles, cranial part of the sartorius, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, of 21 pelvic limbs in 12 clinically healthy Beagle dogs were used. The muscle length was estimated using a radiograph and the flexed and extended positions of the coxofemoral and stifle joints, respectively. The shear elastic modulus (kPa) was measured in two joint positions using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Shear elastic modulus was expressed as median of 10 consecutive measurements. The percentage change of elastic modulus was calculated from the shear elastic modulus in elongated condition and pre-elongated condition of muscle. The elastic modulus of all muscles increased when the muscle was elongated. The shear elastic modulus for both joint positions and the percentage change of the shear elastic modulus (%) in cranial part of the sartorius were highest in all muscles. Intra-observer correlation coefficient (1.2) was 0.75 to 0.96 and intra-observer correlation coefficients (2.2) was 0.46 to 0.96. This study revealed that the shear elastic modulus of muscle was changed by the change in muscle length and increased when the muscle was elongated. Ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to assess the elastic properties of canine muscle.

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an invaluable technique for examining topographical features of biological materials in solution, and there has been a growing interest in developing techniques to provide further compositional contrast and information concerning surface mechanical properties. Phase shifts, cantilever response at higher harmonic frequencies of the drive, and time-resolved tip/sample force reconstruction have all been shown to provide additional compositional contrast of surfaces, as compared to basic tapping mode AFM imaging. This study aimed to demonstrate the relative ability of these different imaging techniques to detect temperature induced changes in the elastic modulus of supported total brain lipid extract (TBLE) bilayer patches on mica. To aid in direct comparison between the different imaging techniques, all required data was obtained simultaneously while capturing traditional tapping mode AFM topography images. While all of the techniques were able to provide compositional contrast consistent with known temperature-induced changes in the bilayer patch, interpretation of the resulting contrast was not always straightforward. Phase imaging suffered from contrast inversion. Individual harmonics responded in a variety of ways to the temperature-induced changes in elastic modulus of the bilayer. The maximum tapping force (or peak force) associated with imaging the bilayer correctly reflected the changes in elastic modulus of the lipid bilayer. Importantly, as the required data can be obtained simultaneously, combining these different imaging techniques can lead to a more complete understanding of a sample's mechanical features.

4D printed multi-stable metamaterials with mechanically tunable performance