Corrigendum.

Person-Environment Transactions Theory purports that certain individuals react differently (and gain different experiences) based upon their environment, which therefore informs acute and long-term behavioral development. Given the central role of impulsive traits (i.e., positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) in the etiology of alcohol use/misuse, a variety of studies have tested person-by-environment transactions between impulsive traits and environmental, day-level variables predicting drinking behavior. Yet, a synthesis of these findings remains needed to best characterize the literature, inform future studies, and spur conversation among the research community. This narrative review identified studies testing cross-level interactions between Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking (UPPS-P) impulsive traits and day/moment-level environmental variables, broadly defined, predicting alcohol use/misuse using daily diaries/surveys, ecological momentary assessment, and timeline followback interviewing. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, testing interactions between UPPS-P impulsive traits and day-level pregaming, affect/PTSD symptoms, alcohol and cannabis couse, planned drinking, physical activity, rate of alcohol consumption, and state impulsivity. Across studies with significant interactions, all but one found interactions wherein positive urgency potentiated the influence of the given day-level variable on heavier drinking. Findings for lack of premeditation and perseverance were less common but in the same direction as positive urgency, while findings for negative urgency and sensation seeking were sparse, inconsistent, and mixed. A host of day/moment-level environmental variables, broadly defined, appear to potentiate riskier drinking dependent upon impulsive personality traits. Themes across studies and the need for continued research and environment-specific intervention development are discussed.

Background: Although the relation between impulsivity and substance use outcomes is well-documented (Jones et al., 2014; Stautz et al., 2017), less is known about individual facets of impulsivity among individuals who use cannabis. There is some research suggesting that positive urgency, sensation seeking, and lack of premeditation are associated with greater cannabis use problems, but much of this research has been conducted in normative adolescent or young adult samples (VanderVeen et al., 2016). Given that more than 11% of legal cannabis users currently use daily/near daily (Goodman et al., 2020), this study examined relations between individual facets of impulsivity and cannabis use, alcohol use, simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use, and problem use within a sample of frequent, adult cannabis users. Methods: Individuals (n=167) with a mean age of 34.89 (SD=11.19) who reported using cannabis on average once per day completed measures of individual facets of impulsivity (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking; UPPS-P), cannabis use frequency, alcohol use frequency, simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use frequency, cannabis use problems, cannabis use disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Path models were used to predict frequency of use (cannabis, alcohol, and simultaneous cannabis/alcohol) and problem use (cannabis consequences, cannabis use disorder, and alcohol use disorder) from each facet of impulsivity. Models were first run using sex, age, and race as covariates, and subsequently run after adding depressive and anxiety symptoms as covariates. Results: After controlling for sex, age, and race, positive urgency was associated with less frequent cannabis use (b=-0.28, S.E.=0.13, p=0.03), more frequent simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use (b= 0.24, S.E.=0.11, p=.04), and greater cannabis consequences (b=0.30, S.E.=0.10, p=0.002). Negative urgency was associated with greater cannabis consequences (b=0.31, S.E.=0.09, p<0.001), cannabis use disorder (b=0.27, S.E.=0.09, p=0.002), and alcohol use disorder (b=0.27, S.E.=0.10, p=0.01). After including depressive and anxiety symptoms as covariates, relations with positive urgency, but not negative urgency, remained significant. Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggest that positive urgency may be uniquely linked to riskier behavior in frequent cannabis users given that no other facet of impulsivity was significantly associated with cannabis use outcomes after all covariates were included in the model. Although not directly assessed in the current study, the findings suggest that relations between negative urgency and cannabis use frequency and cannabis and alcohol use disorder may be mediated by depressive and anxiety symptoms. This possibility should be explicitly examined in future studies. The lack of relations between other facets of impulsivity and alcohol and cannabis use outcomes in the current study suggest that effects of impulsivity among daily users may be restricted to urgency, in contrast to studies in normative adolescent and young adult samples (VanderVeen et al., 2016).

Cannabis use in context: Relations among impulsive personality traits, context, and cannabis problems

Contents of agricultural water management, volume 16

Modelling agricultural forest, and rangeland hydrology: Proc. 1988 international symposium, December 12–13, 1988. ASAE publ. 07-88. ASAE, St Joseph, MI., U.S.A., 1988. Softcover, 520 pp., price US$44.00

Residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) is effective at reducing substance use, dependence, and other related problems. However, dropout from treatment against medical advice (AMA) is common in residential treatment settings. Studies have shown that impulsivity is associated with substance misuse and treatment dropout in predominately male samples, but less is known regarding whether impulsivity dimensions predict treatment dropout among women. This study examined impulsivity dimensions (ie, negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking) as predictors of dropout AMA among women in a residential substance use treatment facility (N = 229). Logistic regression results demonstrated that elevations in lack of perseverance and sensation seeking were associated with an increased odds of treatment dropout AMA and that lack of premeditation was associated with a decreased odds of treatment dropout AMA. Study findings suggest that early evidence-based interventions for sensation seeking and lack of perseverance may improve retention of women in residential treatment.

Identifying the relationship between characteristics of the individual perception of time and the personality trait of impulsivity is the problem this study is devoted to. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationships between the various components of impulsiveness as a personality trait and the characteristics of an individual minute (IM) taking into account age and gender in a sample of Ukrainian university students (62 participants aged 17-22; 11 of them are men). To assess the features of time perception, the IM method was used according to F. Halberg. As the characteristics of MI, we used the mean and standard deviation for three consecutive measurements of IM and the average error of subjective time relative to objective one in percent. Impulsivity was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale test in the Ukrainian adaptation, which reveals 5 indicators of impulsivity: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. For Ukrainian students, impulsivity indicators correspond to the average norms of the French sample. The mean IM is 61.3 seconds and it is in the range of 36-88 seconds, the standard deviation of 3 IM measurements is 8 seconds, the average error of the subjective time relatively to the objective one was 9%. An inverse relationship between the mean duration of IM and the impulsivity index “positive urgency” was revealed. A direct relationship between the variability of the IM, the average error of the IM in percent and the impulsivity index “lack of perseverance” was also revealed. There are no signifiant differences in the mean duration of IM between men and women. At the same time, women have a signifiantly higher variability in time estimation – the standard deviation of IM is signifiantly greater in them than in men. By the characteristics of the impulsiveness, women have a signifiantly higher indicator of positive urgency than men. Age-related differences in the features of perception of time and impulsivity were not found. It will be worth to study relations of IM with other personality peculiarities such as Big Five traits and temperament types. This would give us more insights about diagnostical usefulness of IM measurements as proxy between physiological and psychological conditions of people.

Validation of a short Spanish version of the UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale

The role of emotional and instrumental support from parents on facets of emerging adult impulsivity

Simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis or marijuana ("SAM") use is prevalent among young adults and associated with adverse outcomes. Impulsivity is a key construct associated with alcohol and other substance use in this age group, but scant work has considered the role of individual facets of impulsivity on SAM use. The present study compared latent profiles defined by facets of impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and examined whether profiles were associated with recent SAM use relative to alcohol without cannabis use. Participants were 542 young adults (53% female) recruited through Qualtrics Panels who reported past-year alcohol use and blackout drinking behavior. Participants completed online questionnaires regarding their past-year substance use behavior and typical impulsivity. Regression analysis examining the five impulsivity facets revealed that only sensation seeking predicted the likelihood of recent SAM use relative to alcohol without cannabis use. Using latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: "low impulsivity," "high sensation seeking/urgency impulsivity," "moderate impulsivity," and "high lack of premeditation/perseverance impulsivity." Individuals in the high sensation seeking/urgency group were more likely to engage in SAM use. Impulsivity may be an important individual difference factor associated with SAM use. Young adults who engage in SAM use may be particularly vulnerable for impulsivity related to sensation seeking and urgency, which may further heighten their risk for hazardous use and related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale for children and adolescents

Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-analytic review

Examining the multidimensional structure of impulsivity in daily life

There is inconsistency in the measurement of impulsivity resulting from the diversity in its conceptualization. We aimed to develop a revised measure based on the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking - Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) model (i.e., TRUE Multidimensional Impulsivity Scale; TRUE-MIS) considering the limitations and strengths of the existing measures. We conceptualized impulsivity as a personality trait referring to the inability to restrain one’s urges without thinking about the future consequences in various contexts. A total of 535 adults (262 females, M = 34.1, SD = 12.7) participated in Study 1. Principal component analyses indicated a four-factor structure (internal urgency, social urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance) with satisfactory internal consistency and validity evidence by significant relations with self-control. Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 confirmed the factor structure obtained in Study 1. Hierarchical linear regression analyses provided further validity evidence through establishing differential links between the subscales and Big Five personality traits, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in a sample of 556 adults (368 females, M = 24.0, SD = 7.4). Overall, TRUE-MIS is a valid and reliable measure of impulsivity addressing the arguments regarding the conceptual structure of the construct.

Few studies have empirically tested if trait and behavioral impulsivity hinder treatment engagement (TE), which is unfortunate since TE is crucial for treatment success. Therefore, this study collected data from 16- to 17-year-old males (n = 322) and females (n = 110) residing in Flemish youth detention centers or residential (secured) care institutions. Dimensions of TE (i.e., readiness to change, bond with staff, collaboration on goals and tasks, and therapeutic engagement) and trait impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance) were measured through self-report questionnaires, while behavioral impulsivity (i.e., response inhibition, choice impulsivity, and risk-taking) was assessed via computerized tasks. A series of multiple linear regressions was performed, including all facets of trait impulsivity and all indices of behavioral impulsivity as independent variables, and TE dimensions as dependent variables. Self-reported callous-unemotional traits showed a significant negative zero-order correlation with TE and were therefore included as a control variable. Findings showed that various facets of trait impulsivity and indices of behavioral impulsivity were significantly associated with different dimensions of TE in both males and females. Moreover, sex differences were observed in the associations between trait and behavioral impulsivity and TE. The results underscore the need to examine both trait and behavioral impulsivity in future research to clarify how they relate to TE and other treatment outcomes across sex and to inform targeted interventions, thereby potentially enhancing TE and improving treatment success.