Cover Fuel Cells 4/2019

No abstract.

Ceramic high-temperature fuel cells and electrolysers are efficient energy conversion systems for electrical power generation and hydrogen production. Their core components are constituted by a stack of electroactive Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) in which the electrochemical reactions take place. Thanks to their flexibility, the same stack can be alternatively operated in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. However, the insufficient durability of SOCs still constitutes a major limitation for the technology. The present study addresses this issue and aims to bring some new insights on the effect of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) versus Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) operating modes on degradation of a typical Ni-YSZ//YSZ//CGO//LSCF-CGO cell. The electrochemical degradations are generally attributed to several underlying phenomena such as electrode microstructural evolution, material chemical decomposition or electroactive sites poisoning by contaminants. Among them, it is generally considered that Ni agglomeration in the Ni-YSZ cermet and Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF) material destabilization are two prevalent mechanisms involved in the cell performance deterioration. Therefore, these two mechanisms have been specifically investigated by a coupled approach of long-term testing in both SOFC and SOEC modes (1000 ≤ t (h) ≤9000) and post-test characterizations. The experimental results have then been analyzed in the frame of an in-house multi-scale model with the purpose to interpret them and to quantify the effect of material ageing on cell performances. The extent of Ni agglomeration has been characterized by three-dimensional electrode reconstructions obtained by X-ray nano-holotomography at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) (on the new Nano-Imaging beamline ID16A-NI). The new set-up and protocol enable the reconstructions of valuable 3D volumes (Fig. 1) with a large field of view (~50 µm) along with a high spatial resolution (~50 nm). The electrode morphological properties, which have been measured on the 3D volumes, have revealed a substantial Ni coarsening over time at 850°C and 750°C, whereas no Ni depletion was detected at the electrolyte interface. The increase of the Ni particle size is found to induce a decrease in both (i) the density of Triple Phase Boundary (TPBs) lines and (ii) the interfacial surface area between Ni and gas. Moreover, it was found that the Ni/YSZ interfacial surface area does not evolve during the experiments. This statement indicates that the ceramic backbone in the cermet prevents a massive Ni agglomeration at the SOFC/SOEC operating temperature. The compilation of all experimental data have allowed fitting the parameters of a physically-based law for Ni coarsening that was introduced in the modelling framework. The simulations have revealed that Ni agglomeration explains around 20-25% of the electrochemical degradation at 850°C after 1000 hrs of operation. However, the electrode microstructural evolution is found not to be affected by the cell polarizations. Therefore, the mechanism cannot explain the higher degradation rates recorded in electrolysis mode compared to the fuel cell ones. To explain the impact of the operating modes (SOFC or SOEC) on the degradation rates, several post-test analyses (i.e. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray µfluorescence and µdiffraction techniques) have been employed to investigate the phase reactivity in the region of the CGO barrier layer. The characterizations have revealed that Sr diffusion across the barrier layer and formation of SrZrO3 secondary phase occur mainly during electrolysis operation, whereas the process is very limited in fuel cell mode (Fig. 2). As a consequence, LSCF destabilization is found not to be involved in the degradation of cell performances during fuel cell operation while it could explain the highest degradation rates recorded in electrolysis mode. The post-test analyses have also revealed a diffusion and an accumulation of Co in the region of the barrier layer which is concomitant with the formation of SrZrO3. The formation of these Co-rich segregates in contact with SrZrO3 grains have been identified as cobalt-ferrite type compound. The in-house multi-scale model has been used to interpret the role of the cell operating mode on the LSCF destabilization mechanism. The cell polarization curves and the local quantities within the O2 electrode have been computed in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The simulations have shown that the electrolysis operation leads to a strong depletion of oxygen vacancies in the LSCF material. It has been proposed that the depletion in oxygen vacancies under electrolysis polarization could drive the Sr release from the structure, and in turn, could explain the experimental results. Based on this proposition, a possible mechanism for the LSCF destabilization and SrZrO3 formation has been detailed. Figure 1

Fuel CellsVolume 9, Issue 6 p. 924-926 Miscellaneous Previous Contents: Fuel Cells 5/2009 First published: 11 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200990028AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume9, Issue6Special Issue: Durability and Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel CellsDecember, 2009Pages 924-926 RelatedInformation

Challenges and opportunities in modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)

In recent years, various environmental problems such as rising temperature, droughts, and extreme weather events have become more serious in many parts of the world because of global warming. One of the causes of the global warming is an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O, those are emitted during a combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas in thermal power generation. As energy consumption accelerates year by year, the depletion of fossil fuels is also becoming an issue. Therefore, hydrogen energy is attracting attention. Hydrogen is known as a clean energy because it reacts with oxygen to produce only water and chemical energy.Fuel cells are attracting attention as a new power generation device that produces electricity from hydrogen energy. Fuel cells generate electricity directly through chemical reactions, resulting in minimal power generation loss from energy conversion. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), in which solid oxide electrolyte membrane (SOEM) is used as the electrolyte membrane, have particularly high-power generation efficiency. On the other hand, the operating temperature of SOFCs is extremely high (over 1000 K), which accelerates degradation of SOEM. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the operating temperature from high to medium (about 700 K) while maintaining high power generation efficiency.To solve this problem, we focus on dual-phasing and nano-structuring of SOEMs. Previous studies of SOEM have shown that dual-phase membranes have better ion transport performance than a single-phase membrane. For example, a dual-phase SOEM is composed of SSC (SrSc0.1Co0.9O3-d) with perovskite structure and SDC (Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-d) with fluorite structure. One the other hand, nano-structuring are nano-thin film and nano-crystalline. Nano-thin film is a method of forming an electrolyte film of several μm by layering nano-films of several nm in size. Nano-crystalline is a method to reduce a crystal size to several tens of nanometers. By these nano structures, the resistance of ion conduction is reduced, and ion conductivity is improved.However, the number of interfaces in dual-phase SOEM and nano structured membrane is expected to increase. Previous studies have reported a decrease in ion conductivity near the interface between different structures of membrane. This decrease in ion conductivity at the interface is caused by an increase in the energy barrier as the conduction path passes through the interface. The correlation between the reduction of ion conductivity and nano structures in membrane has not been clarified clearly.In this study, we analyze the mechanism of oxygen ion conductivity reduction near the interface by numerical simulations. Molecular simulations are performed to build up information by multi-scale analysis. Specifically, density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD), and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) are performed in a bottom-up manner. First, MD simulations were performed using a potential model constructed from the energy states in the atomic arrangement at the interface obtained by DFT. We analyzed the ion conductivity at the interface and its crystal size dependence. We also create a hopping model of oxygen ions moving from site to site for kMC simulations. Next, kMC simulations are performed to analyze the oxygen ion conductivity in the dual-phase SOEM including interface, on a time and spatial scale similar to that of a real SOEMs.In this presentation, we report on the results of MD simulation. A dual-phase SOEM model consisting of SSC and SDC was used as the simulation model (Fig.1(a)). The diffusion coefficient of oxygen ions was obtained as an indicator of ionic conductivity. Because the ionic conductivity is determined by the balance between the energy barrier of the conduction path and the kinetic energy of the ions involved in ionic conduction. In this study, the activation energy for the diffusion was calculated as the energy barrier. The activation energy was estimated from Arrhenius relation of diffusion coefficient. The number of unit cells in the dual-phase SOEM model was varied to change the crystal size. As a result, both the diffusion coefficient and activation energy increase as the crystal size of SSC increases. On the other hand, as the crystal size of SDC increases, although the diffusion coefficient decreases, the activation energy increases (Fig.1(b)). These results show the dependence of the diffusion coefficient and activation energy on the crystal size in a dual-phase SOEM. Figure 1

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHigh Temperature Electrolysis in Alkaline Cells, Solid Proton Conducting Cells, and Solid Oxide CellsSune Dalgaard Ebbesen*, Søren Højgaard Jensen, Anne Hauch, and Mogens Bjerg MogensenView Author Information Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 21, 10697–10734Publication Date (Web):October 6, 2014Publication History Received14 February 2014Published online6 October 2014Published inissue 12 November 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5000865https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5000865review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12153Altmetric-Citations462LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Electrolysis,Electrolytic cells,Fuel cells,Oxygen Get e-Alerts

This paper presents the results of a study to evaluate the feasibility of deploying fuel cells in hydrocarbon producing facilities. For the majority of hydrocarbon production facilities, electric power is generated on-site, most often, by the combustion of some of the produced hydrocarbons. To optimize its performance, Shell is continuously looking at applying new technologies, which can increase the availability of her production facilities and/or reduced lifecycle costs and/or improve safety and environmental performance. Shell has identified fuel cell technology as being capable of delivering some of these benefits because of its potential to achieve high availability, reliability and fuel efficiency when compared to conventional technologies. An inventory has been made of the specific design specifications and the state-of-the-art of commercially available fuel cell systems. Most of the required capacities fall in the range of 1kW to 1 MW, which is compatible with state of the art fuel cell developments or it can be achieved in the near future. A software-screening tool has been constructed to evaluate the various options with respect to conventional technologies. The specific design specifications can vary from production site to site, but in general availability and low maintenance are two of the main criteria to be considered and most favorable for fuel cells. Depending on the specific requirements for a particular hydrocarbon production facility a polymer fuel cell, MCFC or SOFC system are considered suitable alternatives to conventional technology. The screening tool has been applied and evaluated in a case study of one of the unmanned production facilities of Shell. A 20 kW SOFC system was found to score higher than a commercially available gas engine of 25 kW on eight of the most important of several criteria. However, SOFC system lifecycle costs are still 15 to 20% higher due to the development costs needed for this ‘prototype’ SOFC system to make it suitable for use in hydrocarbon producing facility. When applied in more surface production facilities the SOFC system also becomes costs competitive with conventional technologies.

Journal of Chemical Technology & BiotechnologyVolume 57, Issue 3 p. 284-285 Extended Summary Protein engineering of 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases D. J. Nicholls, D. J. Nicholls Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. J. Nobbs, T. J. Nobbs Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. E. Jones, S. E. Jones Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. Davey, M. Davey Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Miller, J. Miller Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC. R. Goward, C. R. Goward Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. Atkinson, T. Atkinson Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. D. Scawen, M. D. Scawen Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this author D. J. Nicholls, D. J. Nicholls Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. J. Nobbs, T. J. Nobbs Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. E. Jones, S. E. Jones Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. Davey, M. Davey Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Miller, J. Miller Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC. R. Goward, C. R. Goward Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorT. Atkinson, T. Atkinson Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. D. Scawen, M. D. Scawen Division of Biotechnology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280570316AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume57, Issue31993Pages 284-285 RelatedInformation

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 750, Issue 1 p. 130-133 General Strategies in the Stabilization of Enzymes by Structural Modificationa R. VENKATESH, R. VENKATESH Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSUDHA ARUN, SUDHA ARUN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN. RAJALAKSHMI, N. RAJALAKSHMI Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorLALITA SUBRAMANIAN, LALITA SUBRAMANIAN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. MEENAKSHI, V. MEENAKSHI Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorK. VENUGOPALAN, K. VENUGOPALAN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorP. V. SUNDARAM, Corresponding Author P. V. SUNDARAM Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiabTo whom correspondence should be addressed.Search for more papers by this author R. VENKATESH, R. VENKATESH Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSUDHA ARUN, SUDHA ARUN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN. RAJALAKSHMI, N. RAJALAKSHMI Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorLALITA SUBRAMANIAN, LALITA SUBRAMANIAN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. MEENAKSHI, V. MEENAKSHI Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorK. VENUGOPALAN, K. VENUGOPALAN Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorP. V. SUNDARAM, Corresponding Author P. V. SUNDARAM Centre for Protein Engineering and Biomedical Research The Voluntary Health Services Madras 600 113, IndiabTo whom correspondence should be addressed.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb19941.xCitations: 6 a This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology. Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume750, Issue1Enzyme Engineering XIIMarch 1995Pages 130-133 RelatedInformation

Ross Milton

Fuel CellsVolume 20, Issue 4 p. 383-383 Cover PictureFree Access Cover Fuel Cells 4/2020 First published: 27 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202070401AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the wider commercialization of devices and technologies which use low-temperature FUEL CELLS and ELECTROLYZER. These technologies are strongly linked to HYDROGEN and its PROCESSING – which will be featured at the EFCF 2019. The conference topics span the wide range of challenges, from fundamental understanding of the relevant materials as well as of the kinetics and mass/heat transport processes in operating cells, all the way to their implementation in real-world devices, requiring optimized engineering designs. The 23rd EFCF in series continues the tradition as a well recognized international event for science and industry in these fields. Although a European based event, participants from all continents contribute and attend. The Forum has evolved to the largest international event and leading meeting place in Europe dedicated to Hydrogen FC. It is an excellent platform for scientists, engineers and manufactures to present recent technical progress, industrial achievements and inventions. New contacts are established in the unique networking events, which allow a fruitful exchange on technology and business. Volume20, Issue4Special Issue: 23rd EFCF “Low-Temperature Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, H2-Processing Forum” (EFCF2019)August 2020Pages 383-383 RelatedInformation

Fuel CellsVolume 9, Issue 4 p. 485-485 Miscellaneous Previous Contents: Fuel Cells 2/2009 First published: 07 August 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200990013AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume9, Issue4Special Issue: Progress in MEA Components for Medium and High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (La Grande Motte, September 2008)August, 2009Pages 485-485 RelatedInformation

Journal of Periodontal ResearchVolume 19, Issue 6 p. 591-594 Abnormal leukocyte motility in patients with early-onset periodontitis R. C. Page, Corresponding Author R. C. Page Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorT. J. Sims, Corresponding Author T. J. Sims Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorF. Geissler, Corresponding Author F. Geissler Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorL. C. Altman and, Corresponding Author L. C. Altman and Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. A. Baab, Corresponding Author D. A. Baab Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this author R. C. Page, Corresponding Author R. C. Page Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorT. J. Sims, Corresponding Author T. J. Sims Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorF. Geissler, Corresponding Author F. Geissler Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorL. C. Altman and, Corresponding Author L. C. Altman and Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. A. Baab, Corresponding Author D. A. Baab Center for Research in Oral Biology, the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, School of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.Address: Department of Pathology SM-30, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1984 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb01321.xCitations: 22AboutRelatedInformationPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessClose modalShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume19, Issue6November 1984Pages 591-594 RelatedInformation RecommendedMicrobiological profile of early onset/aggressive periodontitis patientsJ. J. Kamma, M. Nakou, R. Gmür, P. C. Baehni, Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyPrevalence of periodontal pathogens in localized and generalized forms of early‐onset periodontitisBrian H. Mullally, Barry Dace, Charles E. Shelburne, Larry F. Wolff, Wilson A. Coulter, Journal of Periodontal ResearchRelationship of Periodontopathic Bacteria With Early-Onset Periodontitis in Down's SyndromeAtsuo Amano, Tetsuhiko Kishima, Shigehisa Akiyama, Ichiro Nakagawa, Shigeyuki Hamada, Ichijiro Morisaki, Journal of PeriodontologyMicrobial comparison of smoker and non‐smoker adult and early‐onset periodontitis patients by polymerase chain reactionI. B. Darby, P. J. Hodge, M. P. Riggio, D. F. Kinane, Journal of Clinical PeriodontologyAssociations Between Serum Antibody Levels to Periodontal Pathogens and Early‐Onset PeriodontitisJasim M. Albandar, Ann M DeNardin, Margo R. Adesanya, Scott R. Diehl, Deborah M. Winn, Journal of Periodontology

We present a review on fuel cells with emphasis on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). We give an overview of proton exchange membrane, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate and direct methanol fuels cells. For SOFCs we discuss electrolytes, anodes, cathodes, interconnects, fabricating processes, materials alternatives and industry. We also give an overview on thermodynamics, electrochemistry and kinetics of fuel cell reactions, mathematical models, fluid dynamics and simulation/computational methods in fuel cells (MM, HF, SE, HF, QM/MM, DFT, MC, MD, FF, Periodic, hybrid, coarse grain). Which are the best SOFCs electrolytes and how they work. We discuss breakthroughs, recent developments and the next generation fuel cells. Keywords: Alkaline, fuel cells, molten carbonate, proton exchange membrane, simulation models, solid oxide.

Scandinavian Journal of HaematologyVolume 8, Issue S13 p. 183-188 23. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE PROTAMINE SULPHATE TEST IN PLASMA OF VARIOUS PATIENTS M. Palester-Chlebowczyk, M. Palester-Chlebowczyk Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorE. Strzyzewska, E. Strzyzewska Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorW. Sitkowski, W. Sitkowski Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorA. Olender, A. Olender Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorZ. Wegrzynowicz, Z. Wegrzynowicz Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorZ.S. Latallo, Z.S. Latallo Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this author M. Palester-Chlebowczyk, M. Palester-Chlebowczyk Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorE. Strzyzewska, E. Strzyzewska Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorW. Sitkowski, W. Sitkowski Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorA. Olender, A. Olender Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorZ. Wegrzynowicz, Z. Wegrzynowicz Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this authorZ.S. Latallo, Z.S. Latallo Department of Clinical Chemistry (Head: Dr. A. Wolańska) and Departemnt of Thoracic Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Med. L. Manteuffel) of the Institute of Tuberculosis Department of Radiobiology and Health Protection (Head: Doc. Dr. Med. Maria Kopéc) of the Institute of Nuclear Research, WarsawSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1971 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb02005.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume8, IssueS13March 1971Pages 183-188 RelatedInformation