Create an Efficient Database Development Process

Unprecedented 4D spatiotemporal infant regional cerebral blood flow framework and region-specific physiology–function coupling across infancy were elucidated, highlighting strong physiology–function coupling specifically at the default-mode network to meet extraneuronal metabolic demand for network emergence.

Making Artificial Brains: Components, Topology, and Optimization.

Atypical Arousal Regulation in Children With Autism but Not With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Indicated by Pupillometric Measures of Locus Coeruleus Activity

Contemporary conceptualisations describe identity development as a process of in-depth exploration of one’s identity, making firm commitments, and possible reconsideration of these commitments, which youth engage in when forming their educational and their friendship identities (i.e., three-factor model; Meeus 1996, Crocetti, Rubini & Meeus, 2008b). Forming an identity, when defined in this way, is a prominent task of adolescence and young adulthood. During these years, the central identity question, "Who am I?", becomes especially relevant as a young person transitions from childhood to adulthood. Forming a coherent identity provides an individual security and stability, however, defining a clear understanding of the self and articulating this to others can be a distressing challenge for some youth. In the 1960s, developmental scientists such as Erikson (1963; 1968) and Marcia (1966) described the intrapersonal conflict that can occur when exploring and committing to adult roles that are relevant to both the self and the wider society. Identity is also relevant to clinical psychology, which has focused on identity disturbance, defined as an unstable sense of self that involves sudden changes in self-image and feelings of emptiness and negative self-evaluation (APA, 2013). This is most notably described as a symptom of borderline personality disorder. Despite these two streams of study involving a central theme of identity, they have remained fairly separate areas of research investigation. Founded in a developmental psychopathological framework, which places importance on the simultaneous consideration of typical and atypical development (Cicchetti & Rogosch, 1996), the aims of this research were to clarify the contributions of the identity processes of commitment, exploration, and reconsideration (in two age-relevant domains, education/ideological identity and friendship/interpersonal identity), identity disturbance, and self-regulatory deficits (emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty) in the presence of symptoms of maladjustment, including symptoms of depression and anxiety, symptoms of borderline personality disorder, and aggression. Four studies were conducted. Study 1 included 336 Australian adolescents aged 12-15 years, while Studies 2-4 were conducted with 505 youth aged 12-20 years recruited from a large high school, a first-year university course, and community mental health centres. Study 1 tested associations of typical identity processes with identity disturbance and symptoms of maladjustment (low self-worth, depression, social anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and identity disturbance), using person-level analyses to identify clusters of adolescents based on their levels of commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. Study 2 examined the relationship between in-depth identity exploration and symptoms of mental health disorders (borderline personality features, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety symptoms), by considering the moderating roles of identity commitment, emotion dysregulation, and intolerance of uncertainty. Study 3 focussed on testing the unique associations of typical identity processes and identity disturbance with mental health symptoms of depression and social anxiety, and relational and overt aggression. Lastly, Study 4 was a closer examination of the correlates of adolescent identity disturbance and borderline personality features, considering four criteria for identity disturbance described in the DSM-5 (an unstable self, negative view of self, emptiness, and dissociation), as well as typical identity processes as potential correlates. Three general conclusions are drawn from the results of this program of research: 1) identity disturbance is important to consider when evaluating identity formation during adolescence as typical perspectives may miss youth experiencing severe identity distress; 2) aspects of identity formation can serve as indicators of identity formation distress that is of clinical concern (such as low commitment to self-driven education identity, or feelings of emptiness); and 3) identity formation distress may be a transdiagnostic feature of psychopathology in youth. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed. Identity formation difficulties are potential pathways to the development of psychopathology in youth that warrant more investigation, including longitudinal investigations to determine the impacts of identity distress over the course of development. However, the current program of research provides a foundation from which to better identify adolescents at risk of developing psychopathology, and hence promote adaptive mental health and well-being.

In Memoriam

Recent findings suggest that difficulties on small-scale visuospatial tasks documented in Williams syndrome (WS) also extend to large-scale space. In particular, individuals with WS often present with difficulties in allocentric spatial coding (encoding relationships between items within an environment or array). This study examined the effect of atypical spatial processing in WS on large-scale navigational strategies, using a novel 3D virtual environment. During navigation of recently learnt large-scale space, typically developing (TD) children predominantly rely on the use of a sequential egocentric strategy (recalling the sequence of left-right body turns throughout a route), but become more able to use an allocentric strategy between 5 and 10 years of age. The navigation strategies spontaneously employed by TD children between 5 and 10 years of age and individuals with WS were analysed. The ability to use an allocentric strategy on trials where spatial relational knowledge was required to find the shortest route was also examined. Results showed that, unlike TD children, during spontaneous navigation the WS group did not predominantly employ a sequential egocentric strategy. Instead, individuals with WS followed the path until the correct environmental landmarks were found, suggesting the use of a time-consuming and inefficient view-matching strategy for wayfinding. Individuals with WS also presented with deficits in allocentric spatial coding, demonstrated by difficulties in determining short-cuts when required and difficulties developing a mental representation of the environment layout. This was found even following extensive experience in an environment, suggesting that - unlike in typical development - experience cannot contribute to the development of spatial relational processing in WS. This atypical presentation of both egocentric and allocentric spatial encoding is discussed in relation to specific difficulties on small-scale spatial tasks and known atypical cortical development in WS.

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis based on the typical research of the traditional project-driven teaching model of software programming practice courses. According to the software programming course's own software engineering discipline attributes and the typical development model in enterprise software development, a life cycle model theory based on the software engineering discipline is proposed. As a basis, we can flexibly choose different software development models according to the different scales of project cases used in the classroom, and design teaching links scientifically and rationally according to the typical development process of different models of software engineering. Thereby, a teaching process design plan for software programming courses is formed, which meets the actual needs of the company's position and can reflect the dominant position of students, which is conducive to the cultivation of applied talents with soft engineer qualities in universities.

(Meth)acrylate/p-t-butylphenol (PTBP)-coterminated bisphenol A polycarbonates (PCs) were prepared by interfacial processes and subsequently were reacted at high temperatures (≥200 °C) to form new branched polymers. Two interfacial methods were used to prepare the precursor linear PCs, one with (meth)acryloyl chloride [(M)AC] and the other with (meth)acrylic acid [(M)AA]. Both processes involve phosgenation in the presence of catalytic amounts of triethylamine. The process that used (M)AC formed disproportionately large amounts of bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, whereas the process using (M)AA required about 50% more phosgene to achieve high (M)AA conversions than typical interfacial PC processes. The branching of the acrylate/PTBP PCs occurred with heating at temperatures greater than or equal to 250 °C. The molecular weight and degree of branching depended on the mole ratio of the thermally reactive and nonreactive coterminators, the total amount of coterminators, and the reaction conditions. The functionality of the branch points formed appeared to be dependent on the acrylate concentration. The branching of the methacrylate/PTBP PCs required the presence of a free-radical initiator and temperatures up to about 200 °C. The methacrylate end group was less effective than the acrylate on a molar basis in increasing the branched polymer molecular weight and degree of branching. The melt rheology of the branched acrylate/PTBP PCs showed the expected increase in low shear viscosity and shear rate sensitivity with increasing weight-average molecular weight and acrylate-end-group concentration. Small changes in the total terminator concentration and, therefore, the linear precursor polymer molecular weight produced large effects in the low shear rate melt viscosity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2340–2351, 2000

In modern production, three-dimensional modeling of workpieces has become a logical stage in the development of the technological process. Engineering analysis, process design, CNC mill tool path design, final inspection of products and other aspects are done basing on 3D models and have become the norm in the manufacturing industry. This research aimed at deriving mathematical tools which could be used in the process of CAM software development and modernization. Structural and process related elements can be automatically recognized on the basis of a 3D model. English literature refers to such elements as features. A set of parameters necessary for the description of a pocket design feature characteristics was reviewed. Available process solutions for CNC machining of said feature were analyzed. Special attention was given to selection of the roughing and finishing mills, as well as roughing and finishing cut strategy development. A tool parameter selection algorithm was developed for CNC milling of a pocket feature.

he paper outlines a new design tool for the assessment of sustainable energy systems (SES) for large buildings that is being adapted for the UAE building stock and climate context. The structure and underlying framework is discussed for SES and building types appropriate to the UAE. The mapping of the various levels of input and output of the tool to a typical design development process are described and initial characterization of some components are presented.

In typical model-driven development processes, models on different abstraction levels are used to describe different aspects. When developing a mechatronic system, an abstract system model is used to describe everything that is relevant to more than one of the disciplines involved in the development. The discipline-specific implementation is then carried out using different concrete discipline-specific models.During the development, changes in these discipline-specific models may affect the abstract system model and other disciplines’ models. Thus, these changes must be propagated to ensure the overall consistency. Bidirectional model transformation and synchronization techniques aim at automatically resolving such inconsistencies.However, most changes are discipline-specific refinements that do not affect other disciplines. Therefore, vertical model transformations also have to take into account that these refinements must not be propagated. Current model transformation techniques, however, do not provide sufficient means to specify and detect whether a change is just a refinement.In this paper, we propose a way to formally define such refinements. These definitions are then used by the model transformation engine to automatically synchronize models of different abstraction levels.KeywordsVertical Model SynchronizationTriple Graph Grammars (TGG)Refinement/AbstractionMechatronic System Design

This paper introduces the evolutionary process of technological innovation and technology management in Chinese enterprises since 1949. First, the transition of corporate management and technology management in China is introduced in comparison to Western-style management. Then, based on the historical description and case studies, the typical technology development process, especially the processes of technological acquisition, learning and secondary innovation in Chinese enterprises, is analyzed. The integration between technology acquisition and in-house design and R&D is emphasized. The authors suggest that "assimilation and self-design upon imported technology" (3-I policy) is the suitable and vital technology development avenue for most Chinese firms. To accomplish such a technological avenue, coordination, which exists between product innovation and process innovation, corporate strategy and technology strategy, and technology evolution and organizational change must be organized well and dynamically. As Chinese firms face more severe competition than ever, more attention should be paid to the development of indigenous capabilities for technological innovation. The firms' innovation system (FIS), which emphasizes the infrastructure support for a firms entrepreneurship, R&D system, and organization, as well as high-talent personnel, should be established or improved. Thus, technology strategy and the technological innovation system are currently the two key issues of management of technology (MOT) in China and will continue to be into the coming century.

During the analysis stage of a typical information system development process, user requirements concerning system functionality and data are captured and specified using requirement specification techniques. Most of these specification techniques are graphical (semi-formal), i.e. they involve modelling. This paper presents a comparison of data requirement specification techniques in SSADM, which is a strong data-centred method, and the Unified Process, an object-oriented method. In particular, we investigated how data groups (entities and classes), their attributes and relationships are identified, specified and validated in both methods. Data requirement specification techniques used in both methods are then evaluated against a set of detailed criteria based on five requirement specification quality attributes. Both methods seem to have a similar informal approach to producing initial data requirement specifications, but they differ when these initial models are refined. The refinement in SSADM is more rigorous. Therefore, this paper makes a few recommendations for the Unified Process.KeywordsData ItemSequence DiagramBoundary ClassEntity ClassEntity RelationshipThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

A timely introduction of a new product has become invaluable to the firm since the competitors are capable of introducing new or similar products once the driving technology becomes available. In order to generate a high profit from a new product, managers in other departments, such as marketing and production, have to plan ahead of time so that a seamless series of operations can be executed from product development to mass production. Needless to say, a competitive edge is given to the firm with better knowledge on product development process. Such knowledge, nonetheless, is not easy to acquire since a typical product development process is a complex network of many relationships among activities, which we call patterns. In addition to its complex topology, the product development process is often uncertain, iterative, and evolving over time; therefore, even studying individual islands of relationships (patterns) is challenging. Although there were some existing models that shed lights on some of these patterns, very little has been done to systematically analyze the product development process as a whole. In this paper, we develop analytical models that capture essential properties, including uncertainty, iteration and evolution, and estimate the cycle time of each pattern. With our proposed models, the cycle time of a set of patterns (or the whole product development process) can be effectively estimated. As demonstrated in a case study, our model provides valuable insights on how product development process progresses over time, while the corresponding time estimate can help managers to set appropriate manufacturing and marketing strategies.

This chapter introduces the major categories of biotechnological product and provides an overview of the different actors involved. It describes the cost and time involved in a typical product discovery and development process for an enzyme, and summarises the kind of regulatory hurdles which a new biotechnology must clear in order to be placed on the market. The chapter analyses the demand by scientists from the private and public sectors for access to genetic resources to develop new biotechnologies. It explores practice in benefit-sharing in biotechnology, and looks at monetary and non-monetary benefits that arise from the use of genetic resources in biotechnology. Biotechnology companies are largely involved in the development of ‘products’ or ‘processes’. There are ‘solution providers’ in both the public and the private sectors. In 1997, there were roughly 300 biotechnology companies in Europe, and an equivalent number in the USA providing solutions in sectors other than healthcare and agriculture, including industry suppliers, environmental and energy companies.