Creative Arts Therapies to Improve Health and Well-Being in Obesity? A Systematic Literature Review of Current Research

The availability of wearable devices recently boosted the popularity of self-tracking technologies. Self-trackers are involved in a complex process of knowledge development, but this cannot be achieved without knowing the body. However, self-tracking devices seem to embrace an abstract and scattered conception of the body, based on unrelated numbers, graphs, and depictions, which may not be integrated into a coherent body image. This may turn into biases and distortions of how we look at our bodies, worsening, rather than improving, our self-knowledge. In this chapter we explore the ways through which the progressive “quantification” introduced by self-tracking technologies is affecting the body. We first explain a series of theoretical constructs concerning the body, which are essential to understand the impact of self-tracking on our bodies, like body schema, body image, and bodyawareness. Then, we illustrate how individuals’ body image and awareness are affected by the usage of self-tracking technologies in the sports domain. Finally, we point out some lines of future research aimed at providing people with more meaningful representations of their own body, improving their body awareness and even their body image.

Comparisons of Body Awareness, Physical, and Cognitive Components and Relationships in Patients with Chronic Neck, Back, and Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Review Question/s What is the impact of Art Therapy participation on the individuals’ wellness and emotional needs? What is the experience and meaningfulness of the aged person and their participation either in group Art Therapy situations or in one on one situations? Inclusion Criteria Types of Participants Participants will be people aged 65 years or over with no evidence of dementia or other cognitive disabilities. They will either be in nursing home care, community care, day care, residential, low-care, supported living or the medical home. They may have no family or other emotional support and be suffering from increasing introspection. Types of Interventions The intervention of interest will be Art Therapy with the focus on the visual arts. All available techniques will be considered, including for example, art therapy sessions using a variety of tools, drawing, painting, computer manipulated imagery, photography and any other mode of visual expression. Art Therapy techniques examined will be those used in the group situation or with the individual aged person. Examined will also be who runs the art therapy program, is it an artist, professional art therapist, general therapist, is the therapy self-directed, how long will the sessions run for, what time period are sessions conducted over? Are these programs six months, twelve months etc how do the frail aged cope with half hour sessions or one hour sessions. Types of Outcome Measures Quantitative outcomes will look at the measureable psychological and psychosocial outcomes and behavioural characteristics resulting from Art Therapy. Indicators will include measures of cognitive function, Quality of Life (QOL) scales, depression scales, frequency of participation in activities and art therapy assessment scales. What are the participants’ communicative skills, social interaction, and quality of social interaction, behavioural problems e.g. stereotypic behaviour, and attention and concentration skills? Do they have an improved cognitive abilities, do they cope with stress and adverse events more easily. Qualitative outcomes will be subjective from the patient’s point of view, how they react to what feelings and emotions they are experiencing from the therapy sessions. Does the reminiscing help or make them feel sad for what they’ve lost, or happy for what they’ve had in their past? Reasons for exclusion Studies will be excluded if they are about the performing arts - music, dance and drama. Participants will be excluded if they are under 65 years of age, and if they have been diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer’s or other cognitive disorders. Editorials and opinion articles will be excluded.

Autistic children have the right to education. Education helps them develop their communication skills. Using a project-based learning model can improve communication skills. Currently, there is a lot of research discussing the use of project-based learning for children with special needs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of project-based learning with augmented reality on the communication skills of autistic children. The method used is a systematic literature review and theoretical bibliometric analysis of research on communication skills of children with autism sourced from Scopus from 2013 to 2022. The research stages are determining i) research questions; ii) inclusion criteria; iii) quality assessment; iv) data collection; and v) bibliometric analysis. The results of this research note that research on the communication skills of autistic children is still a research trend that is of great interest to researchers with an increase in research occurring from 2015 to 2022. Countries in the Americas and Asia contributed the most to research on this research theme. There is a relationship between project requirements (P), communication skills (CS), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This relationship is indicated by the strength of the P→CS link of 2 and the strength of the CS→ASD link of 4. This review shows that the characteristics of project-based learning can help train the level of communication skills of autistic children and will be better if assisted by the use of AR

Introduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by rapid physical, emotional, and social changes, during which eating habits and body image can have significant long-term health impacts. Aim: This study aims to examine the effects of emotional eating on body image and social anxiety levels among Turkish adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study utilized the "Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents," the "Body Image Scale," and the "Social Anxiety Scale." Data were collected between January 10 and March 1, 2023, during the 2022-2023 academic year. A total of 347 adolescents (5th to 8th grade students aged 10-14 years) from five middle schools in a district of Turkey's Central Anatolia Region were included in the study sample. Results: Our findings indicate a moderate relationship between emotional eating and poor body image in this population. Adolescents reporting higher levels of emotional eating are more likely to have negative thoughts and feelings about their bodies, including dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. Additionally, social anxiety levels were found to be strongly associated with emotional eating behaviors. Conclusion and Suggestion: Our study provides important insights into specific ways in which emotional eating may contribute to negative outcomes related to body image and social interaction. Accordingly, psychological support programs and nutrition education should be provided in schools, and parents should be informed about recognizing and supporting their children's emotional eating behaviors. Social skills training should be organized, school psychological counseling services should be actively utilized, and future research with long-term follow-up studies should be conducted.

Breaking barriers: Evaluating an arts-based emotion regulation training in prison

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle attention in the literature appears to have been paid to the issue of postoperative weight-bearing protocols for different injury patterns after pelvic fracture surgery. The primary aim of this study is to review the currently available literature to define the level of available evidence used to inform surgical decisions on weight-bearing after pelvic fracture surgery. Secondary aims are to assess the published methods of fracture classification, surgical management, and assessment or reporting of patient outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of the English language literature from 1990 to 2016 was undertaken. Eligible papers were all papers reporting minimum 6-month outcomes following surgery for pelvic fractures in adults. Exclusion criteria included pathological fractures or those resulting from penetrating injury, solely osteoporotic fractures, or series with less than 6 months of follow-up data.ResultsThere is very little published scientific data to inform the treating surgeon on postoperative weight-bearing protocols after pelvic fracture surgery, with no randomized trials and only 1 paper out of 122 stating this as a primary aim. More than half of the papers published did not state what postoperative protocol was employed. There is no standardization of outcome measures, with less than 20% of papers using the most common validated outcome scoring system; in contrast, there is good agreement on the use of either the Tile (75%) or Burgess and Young (20%) classification.LimitationsDue to the lack of published studies looking at the topic of postoperative weight-bearing after pelvic fractures, no specific recommendations are possible. As large numbers of papers were included, they were not individually assessed for bias.ConclusionA review of postoperative weight-bearing regimes reveals a nonexistent scientific evidence base from which to make recommendations, although a consensus strategy has been identified. Future research needs to be directed at this topic, as has already been the case in numerous other fracture areas, since the advantages of early mobility are potentially significant. The reported methodology for assessing and reporting patient outcomes after pelvic fracture surgery reveals no consistent standards, and the majority of papers use no specific outcome scoring system.How to cite this articleRickman M, Link B-C, Solomon LB. Patient Weight-bearing after Pelvic Fracture Surgery—A Systematic Review of the Literature: What is the Modern Evidence Base? Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2019;14(1):45–52.

SAT0218 Validating Responsiveness and Discrimination of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging SCORE (RAMRIS) – A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTS) Identified in A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract: This article describes the phenomenon of teenagers physical socialization in the context of extracurricular activities. The features of body image of dance, sports, travel and psychological courses participants. This article highlights typical stylistic features of teens body image. Keywords: body socialization, body awareness, body image, social behaviour strategies. Introduction. “Assigning” а man’s body, with all its internal and external content, social, cultural and symbolic layers is an important aspect of socialization, as well as necessary condition for the formation of a complete self-image. This assignment occurs during certain physical practices, the so-called «body techniques» that the person do more or less purposefully [3, 32–39]. Investigating the formation of adolescent’ body image in the socialization process, we pay particular attention to the specific experience of the participants of extracurricular educational circles. Features of non-formal education, with a focus on various aspects of physical activity (or lack thereof) create a different perception of teenager’ body. As a base of empirical research were chosen extracurricular organizations engaged in the work with teenagers: dance, sports, touristic and psychological courses.Methodology. The problem of human socialization is closely woven into the large number of psychological phenomena. Theories of socialization by C.Cooley, D. Mead, S. Freud, J. Piaget, L. Kohlberg, E. Erikson, L. Vygotsky, S. Rubinstein, P. Halperin, J. Mead, T. Parsons considered the formation of the self in the context of the interaction with others. The very concept of socialization provides a process by which an individual becomes a member of the society, learns its norms and values, masters social roles. And some similar process happens to the human body.Participation of body experience in the socialization process seems so significant that the concept of «body socialization» could be provided into the terminological field of psychology. In general, physical mechanisms of socialization do not differ much from classical mechanisms: these are identification (with relevant figures, including parental) and simulation, and as negative mechanisms guilt and «body shame» appear. There are also involuntary and voluntary socialization. The first is the practice that, although in fact may develop body, has other purpose than influencing body shape and body image. As an example it can be walking, activities on playgrounds, and all that is called active recreation. Therefore voluntary (intentional) body socialization includes practices that require certain regularity and duration, and focuses on the purpose of achieving a certain shape or skill. Dance classes, yoga, gymnastics, sports, and even plastic surgery belong to this type.It is also important to note that from the point of internal subjective experience there are three levels of bode awareness, corresponding to the levels of personal maturity: objectifying, conformal and personal attitude to one’s body [8, 45–50].Body practices could not be a reliable indication of the level of his physical reflection. Dance classes, sports, and even plastic surgery can be dictated by the different value system level. For the real indication we have to question: what is a personal meaning of this activity? Thus, we can talk about two sides

Communication is an effort to provide influence, inviting changes in thoughts and behavior so that they can follow the knowledge, understanding and actions of individuals. Communication skills are skills in establishing relationships between one individual and another individual in order to gain mutual benefits, both individually and in groups. This research aims to test the effectiveness of a guidance program based on expressive art therapy to improve communication skills in early childhood, namely Kindergarten A students at KB TK AL Mukmin Surabaya. The research method used in this research is quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach, pretest posttest one group research design. The instrument used in this research was an observation guide using purposive sampling technique. Furthermore, research subjects who had low communication skills were given treatment by implementing a guidance program based on expressive art therapy. The results of implementing this expressive art therapy-based guidance program can improve communication skills in early childhood. This condition can be seen from the difference between the pretest and posttest scores which show a significant difference.

Research background and hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that dissatisfaction with the body image among girls often reflects a desire to be thinner, among boys – a desire to be bigger, taller, become more muscular and have a nice body shape. It is known that adolescents have a very precise body image which is related to their own perception. However, there is a gap in research, analyzing body image aspect, i. e. evaluation of specific body image components. Hypothesis – there is a difference in the satisfaction level with specific body image components among 8 th grade pupils; body image assessment of 8 th grade pupils is different in the aspect of gender. Research aim was to establish gender differences in body image perception among 8 th grade pupils.Research methods. The research has been conducted during the months of March-April-May of 2012. A random probability sampling method was used with 8 th grade pupils from 24 general education schools located in various cities and towns around Lithuania. The research sample was comprised of 1347 (boys n = 674, girls n = 673) 8 th grade pupils. To perform the diagnostic analysis, the author designed a body image perception questionnaire, composed on the basis of V. Rittner (1986), A. Zaborskis et al. (1996), R. Jankauskienė (2001), A. Zaborskis, J. Makari (2001), W. D. Brettschneider, T. Kleine, G. Klimek (2003), D. M. Garner (2004), R. Russell (2004), A. Miškinytė (2011), questionnaires.Research results. Results of the present research allows concluding that respondents are more dissatisfied with their body image components which are influenced by adolescents’ phenotype. i.e. stomach, shoulders, legs, thighs, hips, buttocks, waist, shin, breast (p < 0.001). Gender differences in body image perception revealed that girls tended to be more dissatisfied with their facial features (p < 0.001), nose (p < 0.001), cheeks (p = 0.003), facial skin (p < 0.001), hair (p = 0.001), breasts (p = 0.004), waist (p = 0.001), stomach (p < 0.001), legs (p = 0.001), hips (p < 0.001), thighs (p < 0.001), shin (p < 0,001), buttocks (p < 0.001), feet (p < 0.001), naked body (p < 0.001), body shape (p < 0.001), and body weight (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusions. Differences in body image perception among 8 th grade pupils depend on gender, i. e. girls compared to boys (p < 0.001), tend to be more dissatisfied with their body image.Keywords: body image, adolescence, body weight, body type, body shape.

This study aims at examining relationships between body mass index and perceived body shape and image. Using a purposive sampling method, 404 female college students were recruited from three universities located in Busan from April 2000 to June 2000. To classify the levels of obesity, Broca's method was used. Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale(1953) modified by Kim mi ok(1997) was also used to measure body image. The collected data were analyzed with the percentages, Mean, Standard deviation, T-test. and Pearson correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows.1. 56.4% of subjects were under weight, and 42.1% were normal for BMI.2. 55.9% of subjects were very satisfied with their body shape and 15.1% were satisfied.3. The mean values of perceived body shape according to the BMI were 3.0 for the overweight group, 2.65 for the normal weight group, and 2.21 for the low weight group, the mean differences among three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 21.42, P= .000).4. The mean scores of body image according to the BMI was 160.21 for low weight group, 155.57 for the normal weight group, and 140.0 for overweight group. The mean differences among the three groups were not significantly satisfied.5. The mean scores of body image according to perceived body shape were 17819 for the satisfaction group, 161.08 for the moderate group and 150.82 for dissatisfied group. The mean differences among the three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 35.72, P=. 000).6. There were high positive correlations between BMI and perceived body shape(r= .317) and between perceived body shape and body image (r= .415).

This study aims at examining relationships between perceived body shape, body image and health complaints among 88 women registered at a facility for managing body shape, which leads to adequate management of obesity in women for healthy lives.The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire consisted of 12 items of general characteristics and interests for weight control, 47 items of body image, and 57 items of Cornell Medical Index(CMI). The data were analyzed by using mean standard deviation, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are following.1. The means of age, body weight, height of the women were 27.02 years, 56.02 years, 56.03kg, 161.71cm, respectively. The level of obesity by body shape was 47.7% for standard type, 26.2% for slim type, 26.1% for fat type. Those women graduated from high school or higher education institutions were 97.7%.2. More than 70% of the subjects perceived their weight as overweight, while 26.1% of the women were fat according to the level of obesity. Ninety percent of the subjects were not satisfied with their body shape.3. Body weight increased most during middle and high school days. The women became interested in weight control through talks with friends(35.2%), influence of mass communication(34.1%), and social custom(22.7%). As to the method of weight control, subject's own judgement(54.5%) revealed highest percentage, whereas only 20% of the subjects adopted prescriptions of experts for weight control or of doctors. Those who had side reactions from weight control were 30.7%. High percentages of the women reported the decrease the amount of eating(54.5%), the increase the amount of exercise(27.3%) as the effective methods of weight control.4. The score of body image differed significantly by the perceived body shape : the score was highest in the perceived standard type.5. The level of health complaints did not differ by the perceived body shape. In relation to the level of obesity, physical health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of very fat type, while mental health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of fat type.6. Very high correlations were observed between the perceived body shape and body image and between physical health complaints and mental health complaints.

The intervertebral disc has been implicated as an etiology of chronic lumbar spine pain based on clinical, basic science, and epidemiological research. However, there is lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of intervertebral disc disorders. Based on controlled evaluations, the lumbar intervertebral discs have been shown to be sources of chronic back pain without disc herniation in 26% to 39%. Lumbar provocation discography, which includes disc stimulation and morphological evaluation, is often used to distinguish a painful disc from other potential sources of pain. Despite the extensive literature, controversy continues about provocation lumbar discography. A systematic review of the lumbar provocation discography literature. To systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar discography. A systematic review of the literature was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar discography with respect to chronic low back pain. Study inclusion/exclusion criteria were based on International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) standards with pain provocation and determination of controlled discs. Selected studies were then subjected to a rating instrument for diagnostic accuracy studies. Specific data were then culled from these studies and tabulated. Quality of evidence was assessed using modified Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) diagnostic accuracy evaluation. Studies meeting methodologic quality criteria scores of 50 or higher were included in the assessment of the level of evidence. Qualitative analysis was conducted using 5 levels of evidence, ranging from Level I to III, with 3 subcategories in Level II. The rating scheme was modified to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Based on a modified U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) level of evidence criteria, this systematic review indicates the strength of evidence as Level II-2 for the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar provocation discography utilizing IASP criteria. Limitations include a paucity of literature, poor methodologic quality, and very few studies performed utilizing IASP criteria. Based on the current systematic review, lumbar provocation discography performed according to the IASP criteria with control disc (s) with minimum pain intensity of 7 of 10, or at least 70% reproduction of worst pain (i.e. worst spontaneous pain of 7 = 7 x 70% = 5) may be a useful tool for evaluating chronic lumbar discogenic pain. Discography is an important imaging and pain evaluation tool in identifying a subset of patients with chronic low back pain secondary to intervertebral disc disorders.

Accessible Summary We held a group for people with Learning Disabilities who were overweight and unhappy about being so. The group ran for 9 weeks. It lasted 2 h and four adults came to the group. The group talked about how they felt about their bodies, why they ate and why it is sometimes hard to choose healthy food over unhealthy food. It helped people learn to accept their body size and shape. Summary The Clinical Psychology Service and the Dietetic and Nutrition Service for People with Learning Disabilities in Birmingham shared concerns about the effectiveness of services offered to service users who were overweight. In an effort to gain more understanding of the issues from a service user perspective and to ultimately provide more effective services, a body awareness group was established, structured according to the ‘Health at Every Size’ model. Four adults with learning disabilities attended a total of nine sessions held once a week for a period of 2 h. Topics were presented to the group in the form of group discussions or group activities, which included: personal and social attributions towards body shape and size; self-esteem; physical eating vs. emotional eating; relationship with food (e.g. understanding of choosing junk food over healthier options); negative messages people tell themselves about eating and factors that prevent people from engaging in a healthier lifestyle. This study aims to report the process of designing and facilitating the ‘Body Awareness Group’ and to critically review observations and findings in an effort to gain greater understanding of the role of food in this context.