Creative Cities and Knowledge Capital

The publication and acceptance of international city ranking indices have been growing over the last decade with the prevalence of globalisation and urbanisation in this knowledge economy. Given the variety of benchmarks, indices and reports published to date, there is limited study on a comprehensive city index that would consolidate a wide-range of indicators for broad international audiences. This paper presents CITYCARD, an aggregating index, to comprehensively measure, score and rank 105 cities worldwide using a collection of 21 global indices arranged in five broad categories: global cities, nice cities, knowledge cities, intelligent cities and creative cities. This study on city ranking may prove to be useful for practitioners and decision makers in the planning and economic development fields.

Clean, green, creative, and now smart cities have all been separately identified, measured, ranked, and evaluated. Are they really all just different ways of talking about the same things? Cities that rank well in one category always seem to do well on the others. This research identifies and compares creative, green, and smart cities and looks for correlations. This research will proceed along two lines. First, new measures for identifying smart cities and sustainable cities are developed. These are then combined with existing measures for green and creative cities. Which cities are creative but not smart? Green but not creative? Second, what are the relationships among cities for being creative, green, and smart? This research will help cities, regions, and policy makers, many of whom are pursuing growth strategies based around one or more of these concepts. By discussing the relationships among these strategies, a more nuanced approach may be developed.

In the process of turning the post-industrial city of Malmö, Sweden, into a knowledge-based, creative city, new urban planning strategies and visions are being developed. An important component of developing the “knowledge city” is the spatial conceptualization for renewal of urban life. One such concept introduced in Malmö is “the 4th urban environment” (det 4.e stadsrummet). In this article, based on critical urban studies, the development, branding, and practice of the 4th urban environment as a strategy to generate a creative economy and knowledge city is critically analyzed as part of a neoliberal planning discourse. The article raises the question, what kind of vision is “the 4th urban environment”? What is it an expression of; what does it mean for planning practice and to urban development? Contextualizing and investigating trends of neoliberal planning ideas are important to an understanding of the social and economic consequences of unequal power relations. The 4th urban environment and its application in Malmö is illustrative of existing neoliberal planning practices in a Nordic context, and in other similar economies with legacies of redistribution policies and long-standing leadership of the Social Democratic Party. This article focuses on what is articulated within discourses that re-present particular notions of space and place, to gain a better understanding of what neoliberal planning does to space.

This paper examines the limits of Cynical parrhesia. Based on fieldwork with artist‐activists in post‐recession Dublin, I recount their fraught efforts to use adventurous artistic expression to provoke a critical awakening in an audience of strangers, who instead respond with derision. My focus is thus on a narrow but prevalent feature of artists’ work and lives, and the public’s experience of challenging genres of provocative public criticism: the encounter with unintelligibility and alienation in the public sphere. I thus deploy ‘bad parrhesia’ as a tool through which to consider the factors that mitigate against artists establishing the desired critical relationship with audiences. Nevertheless, though these parrhesiastic encounters do not succeed, I argue that they do not yield an absence of social relations but relations of an anti‐social kind. Departing from readings of parrhesia as a form of individualism, corrosive to relationality, or a playful reaction against the failures of liberal democratic politics, I make a case for framing parrhesia as a relationship of contestation over which kinds of public criticism are judged to be intelligible and valuable responses to moments of cultural crisis in northern liberal democracies.

Creative Cities (CCs) have emerged as a prominent topic of global interest, representing a novel approach to urban development that fosters sustainability. This study employed the CiteSpace bibliometric tool to conduct a knowledge mapping analysis of CC research, utilizing the Web of Science (WoS) core collection as the data source spanning from 2004 to 20 April 2023. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of CCs, supported by both theoretical foundations and empirical data. Furthermore, it identifies research hotspots, core themes, and future trends within the field. A total of 2270 articles were retrieved for this study, revealing an upward trajectory in the number of articles associated with specific keywords. The research encompasses various disciplines, including geography, economics, urban studies, sociology, and art. The key focal points of CC investigations encompass sustainable development, cultural heritage, and information technology. The advancement of CCs has primarily focused on three core areas: theoretical research, policy strategies, and developmental challenges. This study underscores the importance of addressing issues such as gentrification, embracing information technology, and bridging the gap between theory and practice in CC development. The literature suggests that there is a dearth of comprehensive frameworks, spanning from theory to practice, which could serve as guiding principles and evaluation tools for the establishment and progress of CCs. This observation carries significant theoretical implications, while also offering a springboard for further exploration of the research hotspots by other scholars in the field.

The term ‘knowledge capitalism’ emerged only recently to describe the transition to the so-called ‘knowledge economy’. Knowledge capitalism and knowledge economy are twin terms that can be traced at the level of public policy to a series of reports that emerged in the late 1990s by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1996a,b,c) and the World Bank (1998, 1999), before they were taken up as a policy template by world governments in the late 1990s. In terms of these reports, education is reconfigured as a massively undervalued form of knowledge capital that will determine the future of work, the destiny of knowledge institutions and the shape of society in the years to come. This article focuses on the twin notions of knowledge capitalism and the knowledge economy as a comparative context for formulating education policy. First, it provides a brief theoretical context based on developments in the economics of knowledge and information by reference to the work of Hayek; second, it analyses recent documents of world policy agencies concerning these two concepts; third, it discusses the notion of knowledge capitalism as it has figured in the work of Alan Burton-Jones (1999). These accounts serve as three accounts of knowledge capitalism that have exerted a profound influence upon national education policies. This article is an essay in the new political economy of knowledge and information. It adopts the concept of knowledge capitalism as an overarching concept that denotes a sea change in the nature of capitalism. Finally, the article entertains the concept of knowledge socialism as an alternative organizing concept for knowledge creation, production and development.

A tripla revolução informática, telemática e rizomática que marca a emergência da sociedade em rede, da economia da informação e da globalização do conhecimento é a fronteira mais avançada e intangível da transformação urbana contemporânea. O desafio é en

Knowledge Cities fall under a new area of academic research entitled Knowledge-Based Development (KBD), which brings together research in urban development and urban studies and planning with knowledge management and intellectual capital. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social computing and a promising role it could play in the implementation of Web-based Knowledge City Portal. A collection of academic and practitioner papers/articles related to social computing, web portal, knowledge city and related areas are analyzed and critiqued. Four critical dimensions namely Accessibility, Affordability, Usability, and Functionality are identified and analyzed to form a conceptual implementation model for a Web-based Knowledge City Portal.

The research reported in this paper introduces a knowledge-based urban development assessment framework, which is constructed in order to evaluate and assist in the (re)formulation of local and regional policy frameworks and applications necessary in knowledge city transformations. The paper also reports the findings of an application of this framework in a comparative study of Boston, Vancouver, Melbourne and Manchester. The paper with its assessment framework: demonstrates an innovative way of examining the knowledge-based development capacity of cities by scrutinising their economic, socio-cultural, enviro-urban and institutional development mechanisms and capabilities; presents some of the generic indicators used to evaluate knowledge-based development performance of cities; reveals how a city can benchmark its development level against that of other cities, and; provides insights for achieving a more sustainable and knowledge-based development.

Fuelled by the influential work of urban guru Richard Florida, the European knowledge economy is seeing a rise of cities calling themselves ‘creative cities’. In this paper we have a look at the concept of creative cities and offer a view on them beyond the hype. We understand ‘creative cities’ as competitive urban areas that combine both concentration, diversity, instability as well as a positive image. Examples of creative cities in history and recent best practice of two such urban areas in Europe (Øresund and Manchester) show that local governments cannot plan knowledge, creativity and innovation from scratch. We conclude, however, that local governments can increase the chance that urban creativity emerges by providing the appropriate framework conditions.

The paper will present a new approach to city development focusing on knowledge-based development. The paper will present a conceptual framework and methodology for defining and assessing a city's knowledge base, i.e. its knowledge resources, knowledge cultures, core competencies and their local and global linkages. The approach draws from the experience of US cities and is being elaborated while undertaking strategic diagnostics of knowledge-based development in several cities for the cities of Amsterdam and Delft, then for the EC-FAST MONITOR study on the Future of European Cities and presently by the city of Vienna. The paper will present key findings from studies of the transformation from production to knowledge in several types and sizes of cities including New York and Cleveland in the US and Amsterdam, Delft, Lille, Lyon, Barcelona, Genoa, Milan and Vienna in Europe. Implications of knowledge-based development for cities and regions will be summarised and the need for a policy framework for cities at the Community level will be explored. Some guiding principles for city development in an open and increasingly knowledge-based global society will be outlined.

There is increasing awareness of research and innovation across Africa. Each year, researchers in universities and research institutes generate new knowledge and ideas. However, it is doubtful if there is an information flow to those outside academia. This feature holds true in many countries across the world; Africa, however, is unique in that many countries within it suffer from this lack ofinformation flow.

Creative cities can be accelerators of a creative economy, if these cities understand how to maximise the potential of a creative city designation as a strategic policy and organising device for sustainable development. This chapter presents a framework for how to align a creative city designation with local economic development planning. The chapter is a self-reflection based on working with policy makers around the world developing strategy, especially in sustainable economic development with cultural and creative industries. It discusses the increasing contributions of China to the 2005 UNESCO Convention, particularly the UNESCO creative cities program.

<p><em>City plays important role making the city owns its high enchantment. This could effect on the emerging of city’s problems, where the city could not accommodate to all the complexity of people interest. Those problems need a new strategy to solve city’s problem which is more suitable to globalization era. The suitable solution is creative city which means city must be attractive by optimizing city’s local potentials. Surakarta, since 2013 has been established by the Ministry Of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia to be a creative city of design by UCCN (UNESCO Creative City Network). There is much potency supporting Surakarta to be city of design. The existence of creative industries such as batik and furniture, various creative communities, creative spaces (Benteng Vastenburg, ISI, batik training organizations), and also various events based on cultural are good aspect to be considered. </em></p><p><em>This research has purpose on knowing the readiness of Surakarta in implementing Creative City Of Design. The boundaries of this research are readiness of creative economy, readiness of creative community, readiness of creative space, readiness of leading, and readiness on holding events. This action then is followed by analyzing the readiness score of Surakarta as creative city of design. The research finding shows the readiness scales of Surakarta as creative city of design based on the five requirements that creative city must have. The research shows that Surakarta is not ready yet to be a creative city of design. There are some criterias that have not been accomplished. Creative economy, creative space, and experience in holding event are the lowest supporting aspect. Creative economy is the average in supporting creative city of design. Then the leading is the only one aspect who is ready in supporting implementation of Surakarta as city of design. </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> creative city, city of design </em></p>

According to prospects of international organisations like OECD and FAO, Ukraine will be one of the important suppliers of agricultural products on the world market in the coming decade. Thus, Ukrainian agricultural production and exports are important elements in sustaining global food security. However, the country threatens global food security as well as its own agricultural development when applying grain export restrictions, as happened several times in recent years. Therefore, any impediments to grain trade in the country should be carefully inspected. In this paper we analyse recent developments of Ukrainian agricultural policy influencing grain trade. We show that any export restriction brings large welfare losses compared to a free trade situation. We support our claim by a comparative analysis of the different export policies applied by the Ukrainian government on the domestic wheat market between 2006 and 2014. Additionally, we suggest and discuss alternative policy responses to realise the policy goal of domestic food security. As the policies applied, export tax, export quota and tax reimbursement, cannot be compared directly we quantify the tax equivalent of each trade policy measure. Under a set of specific assumptions the tax equivalent can be used to compare the effects of policies theoretically and empirically. Our findings go along with theory and show that export quotas in 2006 and in 2010 had a more restrictive effect on export than export taxes in 2011. Effects of non-reimbursement of VAT are very close to the effects of export tax in 2011 (at the level of 9%), mainly because most of the time these two measures were implemented simultaneously. We also calculated tariff equivalent of VAT non-reimbursement excluding the period of export taxes. Based on these results, the measure corresponds to a slight decline of the tariff equivalent in absolute terms. As an alternative policy option for the Ukrainian government to respond more efficiently to increasing world market prices in the future it is advised to use consumer-oriented measures for the most vulnerable groups of people instead of distorting market mechanisms.