CricXpert: a hybrid spatial fusion model for enhanced player recognition

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition characterized by a decline in cognitive ability and progression of cognitive impairment. It is often considered a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to compare deep learning (DL) and traditional machine learning (ML) methods in predicting MCI using plasma proteomic biomarkers. A total of 239 adults were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort along with a pool of 146 plasma proteomic biomarkers. We evaluated seven traditional ML models (support vector machines (SVMs), logistic regression (LR), naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)) and six variations of a deep neural network (DNN) model-the DL model in the H2O package. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) selected 35 proteomic biomarkers from the pool. Based on grid search, the DNN model with an activation function of "Rectifier With Dropout" with 2 layers and 32 of 35 selected proteomic biomarkers revealed the best model with the highest accuracy of 0.995 and an F1 Score of 0.996, while among seven traditional ML methods, XGBoost was the best with an accuracy of 0.986 and an F1 Score of 0.985. Several biomarkers were correlated with the APOE-ε4 genotype, polygenic hazard score (PHS), and three clinical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ42, tTau, and pTau). Bioinformatics analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed several molecular functions and pathways associated with the selected biomarkers, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cholesterol metabolism, and regulation of lipid localization. The results showed that the DL model may represent a promising tool in the prediction of MCI. These plasma proteomic biomarkers may help with early diagnosis, prognostic risk stratification, and early treatment interventions for individuals at risk for MCI.

Detection of visual faults in photovoltaic modules using a stacking ensemble approach

Genre classification is a process of grouping similarities, such as patterns, styles, or objectives with management data as already in the music (e.g. pop and rock). It is used along with the classification of topics. This paper will classify songs from audio signal to a hierarchy of musical genre by using feature extraction. Trimbral texture, rhythmic content and pitch content are used as the main feature sets. Feature selection is selected by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and sent selected feature to classification. The result in classification has low accuracy. Thus, using stacking ensemble method is to improve the prediction. In this paper, the purpose is to improve the prediction by using stacking ensemble method. Stacking ensemble that have the second level is base classifier and meta-classifier. In base classifier consists of 5 classification; K-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM); and Naive Bayes. This process is generated to build multiple classifier predictors and sent it to meta-classifier. In the process of meta-classifier will create new model to predict test data. The new model has been created from neural network which train data is the output of base classifier.

Detecting harmful content or hate speech on social media is a significant challenge due to the high throughput and large volume of content production on these platforms. Identifying hate speech in a timely manner is crucial in preventing its dissemination. We propose a novel stacked ensemble approach for detecting hate speech in English tweets. The proposed architecture employs an ensemble of three classifiers, namely support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and XGBoost classifier (XGB), trained using word2vec and universal encoding features. The meta classifier, LR, combines the outputs of the three base classifiers and the features employed by the base classifiers to produce the final output. It is shown that the proposed architecture improves the performance of the widely used single classifiers as well as the standard stacking and classifier ensemble using majority voting. We also present results on the use of various combinations of machine learning classifiers as base classifiers. The experimental results from the proposed architecture indicated an improvement in the performance on all four datasets compared with the standard stacking, base classifiers, and majority voting. Furthermore, on three of these datasets, the proposed architecture outperformed all state-of-the-art systems.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults and is one of the detrimental side effects of the mass prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is crucial to have an efficient screening method for early diagnosis of DR to prevent vision loss. This paper compares and analyzes the various Machine Learning (ML) techniques, from traditional ML to advanced Deep Learning models. We compared and analyzed the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Capsule Networks (CapsNet), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision trees, and Random Forests. This paper also considers determining factors in the evaluation, including contrast enhancements, noise reduction, grayscaling, etc We analyze recent research studies and compare methodologies and metrics, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. The findings highlight the advanced performance of Deep Learning (DL) models, with CapsNet achieving a remarkable accuracy of up to 97.98% and a high precision rate, outperforming other traditional ML methods. The Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) preprocessing technique substantially enhanced the model’s efficiency. Each ML method’s computational requirements are also considered. While most advanced deep learning methods performed better according to the metrics, they are more computationally complex, requiring more resources and data input. We also discussed how datasets like MESSIDOR could be more straightforward and contribute to highly evaluated performance and that there is a lack of consistency regarding benchmark datasets across papers in the field. Using the DL models facilitates accurate early detection for DR screening, can potentially reduce vision loss risks, and improves accessibility and cost-efficiency of eye screening. Further research is recommended to extend our findings by building models with public datasets, experimenting with ensembles of DL and traditional ML models, and considering testing high-performing models like CapsNet.

The advancements in deep learning (DL) and transfer learning (TL) have transformed artificial intelligence, particularly in image classification. This research examines the theoretical foundations of DL and TL, focusing on their applications in medical image classification, specifically distinguishing between COVID-19, viral pneumonia, and normal lung conditions. By leveraging GPU-enabled high-performance computing and large labeled datasets, DL models particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) such as ResNet50 and VGG16 have achieved superior accuracy compared to traditional machine learning methods. This study explores feature extraction using pre-trained models, the implementation of classifiers like Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and the integration of multi-view learning techniques, such as early fusion. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of DL and TL in improving classification performance, highlighting their significant potential to advance global healthcare diagnostics.

nfection prediction after kidney transplantation is significant. Most existing models for predicting kidney transplant infection are statistical, unintelligent, and straightforward. The foremost task of this paper is to analyze kidney transplantation data, introduce existing traditional machine learning and deep learning methods from non-temporal and temporal scenarios, respectively, and comprehensively evaluate the predictive power of the methods for kidney transplantation infection. Specifically, in the non-temporal scenario, we use Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines, and Random Forest models. In addition, in the temporal scenario, we propose an MTAN model based on a sliding window algorithm to exploit the hidden information of adjacent time series fully. Experimental results show that the kidney transplantation prediction models built by Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machines have better stability than those constructed by K-Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest. The MTAN model with sliding windows can better mine the hidden temporal information.

The analysis of footprints to infer human characteristics and biometric information is a valuable tool in forensic investigation. Traditional methods rely primarily on physical measurements and observational analysis, which requires significant time, effort and specialized expert judgment. This study proposes a novel, automated, end-to-end approach to gender classification and stature estimation from footprints, using image analysis and traditional machine learning methods. Specifically, this we employ a image pre-processing techniques for Region of Interest extraction to segment foot prints in images and identify toe and heel exterior points through convexity and defectiveness points. The study utilized a dataset of 396 footprints from 33 participants (18 males and 15 females, aged 18-48 years, height range 148-182 cm). Hyper-parameter tuning via grid search optimization is employed and traditional Machine Learning (ML) models, including Logistic Regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are benchmarked for the task of both inferring gender, and stature. We specifically focus on traditional ML methods due to their relatively modest training data requirements, with the aim of establishing their feasibility for such forensic analysis. KNN demonstrated better accuracy overall for gender classification achieving 0.91 accuracy, while Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperformed other methods for stature estimation with MAE of 4.10 cm and RMSE of 5.42 cm, however varying strengths and weaknesses of each classifier for gender classification and stature estimation were observed. Our results suggest that the strongest performing traditional ML methods offer a feasible solution for such analysis, however expanding the training dataset to incorporate more footprint examples of more varying quality and depicting a greater diversity of population is likely necessary to fully realise a workable end-to-end solution. Such datasets may also open the door to more advanced deep learning methods.

Despite advances in diagnostics, the objective and repeatable assessment of patients with neurological deficits (e.g., stroke) remains a major challenge. Modern methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) are of interest to researchers and clinicians in this area. This study presents a comparative analysis of different AI approaches used to analyze gait of stroke patients using a retrospective dataset of 120 individuals. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness, accuracy, and clinical relevance of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in identifying gait abnormalities and predicting rehabilitation outcomes. Multiple AI techniques—including support vector machines (SVM), random forests (RF), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN)—were trained and tested on time-series gait data with spatiotemporal parameters. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare model results. Initial results indicate that DL models, particularly CNNs, outperform traditional ML methods in capturing complex gait patterns and providing reliable classification. However, simpler models showed advantages in interpretability and computational efficiency. This study highlights the potential and shortcomings of AI-based gait analysis tools in supporting clinical decision-making and planning personalized stroke rehabilitation.

- The Plant Disease Detection and Classification project is designed to help farmers identify crop diseases at an early stage using images of plant leaves. By applying advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, this system aims to automatically detect and classify various plant diseases with high accuracy. Early identification of plant diseases plays a vital role in improving crop yield, reducing unnecessary pesticide usage, and encouraging sustainable farming practices. Once a disease is detected, the system not only identifies it but also provides a brief description and recommends appropriate prevention and treatment methods. To enhance performance, the project uses data augmentation and normalization techniques—helping the model handle variations in lighting, angles, and environmental conditions. The system is trained on a diverse dataset containing images of both healthy and diseased leaves from different plant species, categorized into 38 different classes. The project incorporates various machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Trees, and Random Forests, as well as a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for deep learning. Among these, CNNs have shown outstanding performance due to their ability to learn spatial features from images effectively. While existing research has shown promising results, real-world challenges such as varying image quality, lighting conditions, and background clutter still affect accuracy. This project aims to overcome these issues by training on large, diverse datasets and fine-tuning model parameters. Ultimately, this project hopes to empower farmers with an intelligent tool to monitor crop health, make informed decisions, and contribute to food security through precision agriculture. Keywords: Plant Disease Detection, Automated Disease Detection System, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Data Augmentation, Data Normalization, Support Vector Machine, KNN Classifier, Convolutional Neural Network, Decision Trees, Random Forest

Customer satisfaction is one of the factors that can be used to measure the success of service in a company. In the era of the 2000s until now, internet service providers have continued to grow throughout the world, including in Indonesia. IndiHome and First Media are companies that provide internet services that make it easy for the public to communicate and obtain information. With many uses of IndiHome and First Media internet services, there are often several obstacles that cause various responses from users. Users usually channel these responses to IndiHome or First Media customer care on Twitter. The dataset for this study was obtained from Twitter using the Twitter API and the Tweepy library. The dataset that has been collected is 6.962 tweets for the IndiHome dataset and 8,089 tweets for the First Media dataset. This study conducts sentiment analysis using the Ensemble Stacking with three base classifiers and a meta classifier. The base classifier used is Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree, while the meta classifier used is Logistic Regression. This study uses the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) to determine the frequency value of a word in a document. This study uses two test scenarios: testing without oversampling and testing with oversampling on the dataset. The results show that Ensemble Stacking with term frequency-inverse document frequency feature extraction produces the highest accuracy, with an accuracy value of 88.27% on the IndiHome dataset and 92.56% on the First Media dataset by oversampling on both datasets.

A new approach for classification skin lesion based on transfer learning, deep learning, and IoT system

Cassava, a significant crop in Africa, Asia, and South America, is a staple food for millions. However, classifying cassava species using conventional color, texture, and shape features is inefficient, as cassava leaves exhibit similarities across different types, including toxic and non-toxic varieties. This research aims to overcome the limitations of traditional classification methods by employing deep learning techniques with pre-trained AlexNet as the feature extractor to accurately classify four types of cassava: Gajah, Manggu, Kapok, and Beracun. The dataset was collected from local farms in Lamongan Indonesia. To collect images with agricultural research experts, the dataset consists of 1,400 images, and each type of cassava has 350 images. Three fully connected (FC) layers were utilized for feature extraction, namely fc6, fc7, and fc8. The classifiers employed were support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes. The study demonstrated that the most effective feature extraction layer was fc6, achieving an accuracy of 90.7% with SVM. SVM outperformed KNN and Naive Bayes, exhibiting an accuracy of 90.7%, sensitivity of 83.5%, specificity of 93.7%, and F1-score of 83.5%. This research successfully addressed the challenges in classifying cassava species by leveraging deep learning and machine learning methods, specifically with SVM and the fc6 layer of AlexNet. The proposed approach holds promise for enhancing plant classification techniques, benefiting researchers, farmers, and environmentalists in plant species identification, ecosystem monitoring, and agricultural management.

Early and accurate detection of plant diseases is essential for improving agricultural productivity, reducing crop losses, and ensuring global food security. Traditional disease identification methods rely heavily on manual visual inspection, which is time-consuming, subjective, and impractical for large-scale farming environments. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and computer vision, provide promising automated solutions for real-time plant disease diagnosis. This study proposes Kisan Seva, an AI-driven plant disease detection framework based on transfer learning using the MobileNetV2 convolutional neural network, designed to achieve high classification performance while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for deployment on resource-constrained agricultural devices. The system is trained and evaluated using the widely adopted PlantVillage dataset. To rigorously validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a comparative evaluation is conducted against traditional machine learning classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The framework further incorporates infected area estimation to provide quantitative disease severity analysis. The proposed system aims to contribute toward AI-enabled precision agriculture and farmer-centric decision support systems. Keywords—Plant Disease Detection, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, MobileNetV2, Machine Learning, Precision Agriculture.

Machine Learning (ML) technologies have been widely used for blind signal classification problem (Modulation Classification) to automatically identify the modulation schemes of Radio Frequency (RF) signal from complex- valued IQ (In-phase Quadrature) samples. Traditional ML methods usually have two stages where the first stage is to manually extract the features of the IQ symbols by subject matter experts and the second stage is to feed the features to an ML algorithm (e.g., a support vector machine) to develop the classifier. The state- of-art technology is to apply Deep Learning (DL) technologies such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) or Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) directly to the complex-value IQ symbols to train a multi-class classifier. In this effort we are focused on the modulation and coding rate classification problems for multi-carrier Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The generated OFDM data set consists of over 480k instances across four different modulations and three different coding rates which include BPSK + 1=2, BPSK+3=4, QPSK+1=2, QPSK+3=4, QAM16+1=2, QAM16+3=4, QAM64+2=3 and QAM64+3=4. Deep Learning (DL) models can successfully catch the features of OFDM modulations and identify the modulation scheme from the baseband IQ symbols. Four DL models including Residual Neural Network 34(Resnet34), Resnet18, Squeezenet and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) trained over the data set can achieve over 94% overall accuracy for signals across 􀀀10dB to 10dB with step size of 4dB. Among them, Squeezenet and LSTM models have much smaller model sizes which can be easily loaded in resource-limited edge computing platforms. To the best of our knowledge, coding rate classification of OFDM signals has not been studied in previous works. Therefore, three different DL models including a single-stage coding rate classifier, a combination of modulation and coding rate classifier, and a two-stage coding rate classifier are developed to identify the coding rate. However, coding rates can only be identified for low-order modulation schemes BPSK and QPSK but not for high-order modulation schemes QAM16 and QAM64. Further investigation is needed to understand the coding rate classification for high-order QAM signals.