Crisis and disaster management: international scientific and technological trends in maintenance projects

What Is a Disaster?.- A Heuristic Approach to Future Disasters and Crises: New, Old, and In-Between Types.- The Crisis Approach.- Methodological Issues.- The Role of Geographic Information Systems/Remote Sensing in Disaster Management.- Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Disasters.- Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Disaster Vulnerability.- Gender and Disaster: Foundations and Directions.- Globalization and Localization: An Economic Approach.- Local Emergency Management Organizations.- Community Processes: Warning and Evacuation.- Search and Rescue Activities in Disasters.- Community Processes: Coordination.- Sustainable Disaster Recovery: Operationalizing An Existing Agenda.- Sheltering and Housing Recovery Following Disaster*.- Businesses and Disasters: Vulnerability, Impacts, and Recovery.- Organizational Adaptation to Disaster.- Community Innovation and Disasters.- Disaster and Development Research and Practice: A Necessary Eclecticism?.- National Planning and Response: National Systems.- Disaster and Crisis Management in Transitional Societies: Commonalities and Peculiarities.- Terrorism as Disaster.- Recent Developments in U.S. Homeland Security Policies and Their Implications for the Management of Extreme Events.- Unwelcome Irritant or Useful Ally? The Mass Media in Emergencies.- The Popular Culture of Disaster: Exploring a New Dimension of Disaster Research.- Remembering: Community Commemoration After Disaster.- Research Applications in the Classroom.- From Research to Praxis: The Relevance of Disaster Research for Emergency Management.- Communicating Risk and Uncertainty: Science, Technology, and Disasters at the Crossroads.- Crisis Management in the Twenty-First Century: Unthinkable Events in Inconceivable Contexts.- New Dimensions: The Growth of a Market in Fear.- Disasters Ever More? Reducing U.S. Vulnerabilities.

Disasters do not leave a business unaffected. When it is natural disaster, the effects are felt at various phases of life. Organisations, work, employee life and their psychological balance all get affected by natural disasters. The impacts of natural disasters like earthquake, hurricane, and tsunami and similar others can be severely damaging to a region, businesses, economy and people. Damage to homes, businesses and infrastructure on top of the damage to lives can continue for over quite a period of time. The important task here remains for businesses to have continuity plans to offer information on how to survive back as a resilient organisation, and their operations will be gradually restored. A successful response is the outcome of an inclusive corporate readiness and a well-structured disaster management programme that creates an overarching decision-making framework that orchestrates and supports an organisation's various incident and site-level response activities. Here, the role of human resource (HR) is immense. HR leaders have a strategic role and have to shoulder the accountability to make sure that their organisations are alert of internal vulnerabilities on the human side to different types of crises and to ensure their disaster management plan takes care of all potential risks and concerns. HR needs to make sure that the human capital is taken care of, given support in all disaster management and business continuity plans. HR has to offer real value protection or enrichment through disaster communication plans, disaster resource planning, and help with training in safety and security, manage internal talent and has relevant succession planning. The present conceptual paper discusses the role of HR in managing the risks, planning for the future, immediate responses to the victims and how they can extend the support to the employees and sail through smoothly in the disaster.

Introduction:Since its inception about 66 years ago, Pakistan has experienced a variety of both natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes in 2005 and 2015 and widespread flooding in 2010. Pakistan has also experienced a range of politically motivated violence, bombings in urban areas, as well as mass shootings. Such events generate a large number of casualties. To minimize the loss of life, well-coordinated prehospital and in-hospital response to disasters is required.Aim:To identify all the existing peer-reviewed medical literature on prehospital and in-hospital disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan.Methods:The search was conducted using PubMed and Hollis plus search engines in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The articles selected included articles on both natural and man-made disasters, and their subsequent prehospital and in hospital management. The following search terms and keywords were used while searching PubMed: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, mass casualty incident preparedness, disaster preparedness Karachi, and disaster management Karachi. To search Hollis plus, we used the terms: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Pakistan, mass casualty incident Pakistan, mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, and disaster preparedness Karachi. We selected only peer-reviewed articles for a literature search and review.Results:The reviewed articles show a lack of data regarding disaster management in Pakistan. Almost all the articles unanimously state the scarcity of planned prehospital and in-hospital management related to both man-made as well as natural disasters. There is a need for planned and coordinated efforts for disaster management in Pakistan.

The use of law, the main tool for implementing policy, to regulate and coordinate disaster management, preparedness and response systems features in many jurisdictions. Also, international guidance on the use of effective laws and policies, which emphasize taking on board critical stakeholders, including humanitarian responders is available. Consequently, the government of Tanzania has promulgated a new disaster management law as part of a wider reform of the legal framework to regulate disaster management and response systems which seek to involve stakeholders at all stages. This article analyses the extent to which the restructured legal framework and supporting policy address humanitarian responders who provide informal assistance, often before formal government intervention. The article traces the history of disaster management policies and laws in the country in the context of the humanitarianism – disaster management nexus. It focuses on the aftermath of the earthquake that ravaged Kagera Region in Bukoba district in the northern west part of the country in September 2016. This analysis is supported with field data from Bukoba district. The findings reveal that the legal framework for regulating disaster management and response system does not reflect international and regional clarion calls for engaging informal humanitarian responders. Recommendations on how this gap can be addressed are provided, laying emphasis on incorporating the clarion calls in order to improve the country’s legal and policy framework for disaster response and management systems.

Crisis management research (1985-2020) in the hospitality and tourism industry: A review and research agenda.

PurposeThis study aims to extend the use of psychology in the field of tourism crisis and disaster management using coping theory. It examines how resident emotions change in the extended prodromal stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and how residents used humour to cope with stress from not being able to travel.Design/methodology/approachEarly COVID-19 (March–April 2020) was characterised by negative media reports, lockdowns and travel restrictions but for Indonesia, no direct effects in terms of loss of life. This unusual context has led to phenomena not previously studied – humour as a coping strategy. This research consists of two studies: Study 1 used thematic analysis of interviews before and during the early lockdown period with a panel of 245 quarantined residents who had travelled in the prior two years. Study 2 followed up using a #hasthtag analysis of travel-related videos content posted on Instagram and TikTok.FindingsThe COVID-19 global pandemic is an unusual crisis which has resulted in high levels of stress and uncertainty. This study identified the unusual characteristics of the COVID-19 crises and changes of quarantined resident’s emotions during the pre-event and prodromal stages. In addition, this study found the use of humour as a coping mechanism during the lockdown period and the use of social media as the vehicle for humour.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings may be generalisable only to a crises and disasters with an extended prodromal stage. Interestingly, climate change has some similar characteristics where warning signs are available, but the personal implications have not yet become apparent.Practical implicationsThe emotions associated with crisis are dynamic and crisis managers may tailor communication to help deal with stress.Social implicationsThis research provides an insight into how humorous content can be used to reduce negative emotions in the early stage of a stressful event associated with travel restrictions. This study may be suitable for use in integrated marketing communication in post-recovery messaging for the tourism industry and destination management organisation in the digital platform.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate “dark humour” during the early stages of COVID-19 and also the use of coping strategies to explain how humour can reduce stress.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to systematically identify core competencies for public health professionals in disaster management. Research Method: We analyzed 22 studies (2002-2024) from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. Included studies addressed competencies for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Results and Discussion: The review identified seven critical competency domains: disaster preparedness and risk reduction, leadership and crisis management, communication and digital tool utilization, psychosocial support, community engagement with cultural competency, inter-agency coordination, and post-disaster recovery systems. Leadership and community-centered approaches were universally essential, while technological competencies, such as GIS and proficiency in social media, represented emerging needs. Significant gaps were noted in climate-related disaster frameworks and standardized global training protocols. Implications: Findings underscore the urgent need to validate competencies in field settings, integrate climate science into training programs, and develop standardized frameworks for resource-limited regions. These directly inform public health curriculum development and policy initiatives aimed at enhancing workforce preparedness for evolving disaster scenarios, including climate-related emergencies and pandemics.

From the very beginning of the twenty-first century, the world has witnessed many natural disasters. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 has emphasized on formulating disaster management plans at international, national, regional, and local levels. It also urges the use of traditional, indigenous, and local knowledge and practices for the disaster risk assessment and preparation of disaster mitigation plans and management disasters. The national disaster management policy of India 2009 describes that the local authorities should ensure the capacity building of their officers and manage disasters and carry out relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction activities in the affected areas. It also calls for setting up a specific institutional framework for dealing with disasters in megacities. The Odisha government has made provisions to prepare the village-level disaster management plans and national, state, and district-level plans. In this context, we critically appraise the progress of India in empowering the local governments for effective management of disasters at the local level. We argue that it is high time to formally add the responsibility of disaster management by the local governments in the eleventh and twelfth schedules of the constitution. In line with the National Disaster Management Fund and State Disaster Management Funds, local governments should be provided with special Disaster Management Funds. A dedicated department should be created for managing various types of disasters. All disaster-prone villages should have a Village Disaster Management Committee, and panchayats should have a Panchayat Disaster Management Committee.KeywordsNatural disasters and their managementLocal governmentIntergovernmental relationsJEL CodesH77Q54

Background: In different crises without any exception, especially sudden emergencies, the role of human effective components (HECs), native human effective components (NHECs) (belonging to a specific space and location), and especially core native human effective components (CNHECs); and among CNHECs, level of management skills, ignorance, and manager’s mind bandwidth are of vital importance in crisis management. These three specified CNHECs can affect crisis management and managers as well as the level of latency in planning, strategy, and management, and as such through a complexity of reactions (i.e. A. affective, B. behavioral, and C. cognitive reactions) to increase resiliency and decrease distress in metropolitan urban areas. The time limitation is also an important issue to be considered. Materials and Methods: The type of review method has been integrative review. For a better review process, 200 articles during an approximately 50-year time (1972-2021) period during 3 years of the review process were studied and for the selection method, the well-known scientific databases and universities, the search terms, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected, analyzed, and summarized through a review protocol. Results: We aim to shed light on HECs preparation of NHECs and CNHECs in disaster management which will generate a good understanding to increase the resiliency and decrease the distress in crisis managers in times of sudden emergencies in metropoles as a sustainable development framework for the future. Conclusion: By creating the proposed taxonomy and classification of CNHECs in crisis management (managers), at first a better understanding will be obtained which in times of sudden crisis can increase resiliency and decrease distress generating a sustainable development framework.

The current study examines how the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) used collaborative governance to manage crises. It also aims to identify the elements of cooperative governance, fundamental tactics, and challenges encountered during crisis management. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used. Twelve interviews with the PDMA top management were conducted and data was transcribed through thematic analysis. It has been determined that collaborative governance and fundamental and complementary conditions impact crisis management, particularly when building collaborative processes. It has also been discovered that the key prerequisites for developing the collaborative process are leadership activities and face-to-face negotiation. Contrarily, supportive settings entail an initial understanding, trust, and commitment that enhance the collaborative process without endangering crisis management. However, the research findings connect well with existing theories especially in governance frameworks on the importance of interactive dynamics. These perceptions can enlighten future study and pursue the practices in crisis management, mostly in how collaborative governance can influence to improve awareness and resilience in disaster management struggle.

Advanced data analytics in disaster management: A bibliometric analysis of global research trends, methods, and collaboration networks (2006–2025)

Japan is known to have many natural disasters occurrences, especially in recent years, the seismic hazard named “Nankai-trough Disastrous Earthquake” of magnitude 9(M) was predicted and will have caused huge damages. Therefore, disaster management should be well planned and executed to ensure minimal amount of victims and damages from disaster. However, foreign residents are mostly vulnerable and ill-equipped to face such consequences compared to Japanese residents, especially when there is limited information available for foreigners presently. As the influx of foreigner migration has been steadily increasing annually, it is vital for disaster management to be compulsively planned to cope up with the great variety of foreigners’ needs from diverse backgrounds accordingly. The purpose of this study is to comprehend foreign residents’ disaster prevention awareness, in order to provide a more effective information provision on disaster management, so as to help improve their disaster prevention awareness. Thus, this study is set in Toyohashi city, and the methodology used is by conducting two questionnaires. Firstly, to have an accurate understanding on the awareness of foreign residents towards disasters prevention, the questionnaire is conducted towards foreign university students, on pertinent issues such as on the degree of preparedness and their matters of concern of which is related to natural disasters. Secondly, to comprehend disaster management of organizations, the other focuses on preventive measures adopted by manufacturing industry organizations, such as types of preventive measures as a whole and on the issues and challenges encountered during foreign employee-related enforcement of disaster management. Finally, based both results of the questionnaire, the key factors on effective information provision of disaster management is considered.

Tanjung Lesung Tourism Special Economic Zone is one of the ten priority tourist destinations inIndonesia. This area was hit by a tsunami that was caused by tidal waves and underwater landslides dueto the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau on December 22, 2018. This tsunami was a silent tsunami so itwas difficult to predict, causing a severe impact in the tourism sector. Thus, the researcher examines thecrisis and crisis management after the Sunda Strait tsunami in the tourist destination of Tanjung Lesung.The concepts used as the basis for this research are crisis management, disaster management, SpecialEconomic Zones, tsunamis and destination images. The method used is a qualitative research method withqualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The types of data used are qualitative and quantitative. Thedata sources used are primary and secondary data. The data is collected through observation, interviewsand documentation. The technique of determining the informants in this study was using purposivesampling technique.The results of this study indicate that the impact of the post-tsunami crisis in Tanjung Lesung can beseen from several aspects, namely the physical, economic, social and psychological impacts. The physicalimpact is damage to attractions, accommodation and access to Tanjung Lesung. The economic impact isseen from the reduction in employment, decreased income and the amount of investment that is not in linewith the target. The social impact caused is the number of casualties, while the psychological impact isthe existence of trauma, anxiety, stress, depression and post traumatic disorder. Crisis management isdivided into three stages, namely pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis. In the pre-crisis phase, it was knownthat Tanjung Lesung was one of the tsunami-prone areas because it was directly adjacent to the SundaStrait, besides that the area administrator still did not have its own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)that was in accordance with the situation of the area. At the crisis stage, the cooperation between thegovernment and managers was already going well in evacuating tourists and distributing aid. In addition,social media control is also carried out by monitoring various news media. In the post-crisis phase,improvements to tourism attractions, facilities and access are carried out, improving the image of SEZtourism to become disaster-resilient tourism areas, updating disaster detection systems and evacuationroutes, as well as promotion by holding events, festivals and several promotional visits.Keywords: Crisis Management, Impact, Tsunami, Tanjung Lesung Tourism SEZ.

Biological weapons are not just topics for contemporary novelists but found their way into classical literature long ago. Shakespeare has Hamlet's father's ghost describe, ‘Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole, with juice of cursed hebona in a vial, and in the porches of my ears did pour the leprous distillment.’ (Act 1, Scene 5) Indeed, neither the act nor the accusation is new. Jews in Europe were accused of poisoning wells to cause plague in the Middle Ages. Japanese planes in World War II dropped plague‐infested fleas over Chinese cities and villages. Murder or terrorism with biological or chemical agents is not a far‐fetched scenario—it has been used before. Criminal cases in the USA include various uses of biological agents in the last decades. The Rajneesh Foundation used Salmonella bacteria in 1984 to poison ten restaurant salad bars in the city of The Dalles, OR, hoping it would influence an election in its favour. A separatist group calling itself ‘Republic of Texas’ used Botulinum , HIV and rabies in 1998 and 1999 to threaten judges. Three members were later charged with conspiracy to use weapons of mass destruction and the eldest, Johnnie Wise, was sentenced to 24 years in prison. In 1977, Diane Thompson, a nurse from Texas, was sentenced to 20 years for intentionally contaminating doughnuts with Shigella dysenteriae in order to achieve personal revenge. > In 1998 and 1999, a separatist group from Texas used Botulinum, HIV and rabies to threaten judges The particular risk of biological agents, when used as weapons, is their extreme uncontrollableness. An infectious agent can easily spread from the original victim to relatives or colleagues. Particularly at risk are the medical personnel who treat victims without knowing what kind of infection they are dealing with. More unpredictable are the number of people and …

Constructing an adaptability evaluation framework for community-based disaster management using an earthquake event