CSCCE worksheet: Exploring community governance models

The community grid-based governance model could not only stimulate the governance function of the community as well as improve the scientificity and order of community governance, but also improve the enthusiasm and initiative of the residents and the refinement and regionalization of urban community governance. This model has gradually become one of the mainstream models of urban community governance. On the premise of systematizing and deeply analyzing the typical urban community grid-based governance models in China, this paper, based on theories of refined governance and seamless governance, looks at three management models of urban community grid-based governance: the “All-dimensional Integration” model, the “One basic and three aspects” model, the “4+6”model. The problems in the process of urban community grid-based governance include: lack of public awareness of participation, low quality of the overall team of grid members, poor operation mechanism, and lack of financial guarantee. It also proposes measures to improve the grid-based governance of urban communities based on the existing problems, including: stimulating residents’ awareness of participating in community governance, strengthening the team construction of grid members, promoting the management of refined operation mechanism, and expanding funding channels.

The enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages has brought fresh air to accelerate the development of villages and rural areas, where one of the fundamental changes is the recognition (recognition) of the function of the village as a Self Governing Community in line with local self government. The village law becomes the legal umbrella for the administration of village government, which at a certain level opens up space for more autonomous governance for the government at the village level. Governance includes all the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and community groups express their interests, exercise legal rights, fulfill obligations and bridge differences between them. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This approach and type is used because the researcher wants to explain and describe Community Governance in village government. The conclusion from this article is that one model of community governance is village government, where in the village government the center of local political power is represented through the Village Head, Village Consultative Body, and their apparatus. The position of village government is also very important considering that the majority of Indonesia's population lives in rural areas. The implementation of village government in the Village Law cannot be separated from the participation of the village community. Keywords: Community Governance, Village Government

With the development of innovative social governance models, the grassroots social governance model led by the government is transforming into a new governance model with the participation of multiple subjects. In practice, it is necessary to bring into play the importance of multi-subject participation in community governance (CG), including community party organizations, street offices, social organizations, and residents. The pluralistic subjects have the problems of imperfect development of community party organizations, unclear legal status of street offices, inadequate development of social organizations, and low enthusiasm of resident participation. Therefore, in the process of participating in the CG mechanism, there are problems such as lack of effective communication horizontally and lack of smooth channels vertically. Multiple subjects should communicate closely to effectively break through the horizontal barriers and actively participate in the governance system to smoothly run through the vertical channel. These play crucial roles in the participation of multiple subjects in CG.

Cyber security is a rapidly developing field and open-source software (OSS) is being led by a collaborative community and a transparent nature. This research intends to make a theoretical framework highlighting the symbiosis of community engagement models, governance models, and the security of open-source ecosystems. The significant purposes aim to investigate how community engagement affects open source software development, analyze the deployment of the governance systems in widely used open source projects, and create the theoretical model that brings the cybersecurity processes in those practices. The literature survey covers existing research on open-source software development, community engagement, governance models, and cybersecurity practices within the OSS ecosystem. Through literature review the basic concepts are investigated using conceptual analysis to determine which principles and mechanisms the Community Model Engagement and Governance models operate, influencing the security of Open Source Software. Open-source project policy recommendations are the foundation for the security of communities where members fully contribute to better governance. This includes developing a fundamental conceptual analysis to lay out the framework's principles and operation (mechanisms). This contributes to the overall development of the theoretical framework. This research expects to develop a standardized theoretical framework that tackles the community engagement-governance models-security software link from new and insightful perspectives. Practical policy recommendations to protect OSS projects will be presented to solve the cybersecurity problem easily and immediately. This study aims to add to the academic and practical discussions that focus on human and organizational components' critical roles in securing open-source software. The discussion of theoretical aspects gives this platform a unique angle that fits well into the technical approach while improving the understanding of a legally open cybersecurity community

当前我国城市社区治理面临多重困境，大数据作为国家战略应用于城市社区治理已是大势所趋。大数据对于城市社会治理有四个方面的实践价值：有利于优化流程、提高效率，减轻基层负担；有利于预测防控风险，将社会矛盾遏制于萌芽状态；有利于了解居民需求动态，变被动治理为主动引导；有利于构建社区共同体，培育社会资本，促进合作治理。在此基础上，本文以芜湖市社区治理的实践为借鉴，探讨城市社区治理中大数据战略的实施路径。最后，倡导地方政府树立大数据战略意识，正视大数据对于社会治理的价值，合理运用大数据战略创新城市社区治理模式。 As there are kinds of difficulties in Chinese urban community governance, it becomes a certain trend that Big Data as a national strategy would be applied into urban community governance. Big Data may create four aspects of practical value for urban community governance: lighten the burden of grass-roots departments by optimizing process and improving efficiency; hold social conflicts back in the bud by forecasting and preventing risks; change passive governance into active guidance by knowing trends of residents’ demand; promote cooperative governance by constructing community and cultivating social capital. On that basis, we discuss the implementation path of Big Data strategy in urban community governance according to the practice of Wuhu. At last, we suggest local governments to establish the awareness of Big Data strategy, face up to Big Data’s value for social governance and reasonably use Big Data strategy to innovate the model of urban community governance.

A basic argument of this chapter is that an analysis of local government systems should take into consideration the double role of local authorities: governance for the sake of the citizens’ community and for the sake of the state. Focusing on the accountability and responsiveness of decision-makers, we argue that these are the main configuring factors for different versions of local political communities. Using dimensions of the local autonomy index (LAI), we elaborate four models of community governance. The distribution of countries has been examined for 1990, 2005 and 2014, and it was found that the strongest type of “self-determined community” included the biggest number of countries, while the weakest type of “patronized community” gradually became a rare exception. The shift away from supra-local and towards local orientation was comparatively stronger in responsiveness than in accountability, especially among ex-communist countries. Finally, a considerable mobility across types was recorded in Eastern and Southern Europe, while stability characterised the rest. Future research should try to detect factors explaining persistence and change, furthermore the eventual effects of different community types upon attitudes and perceptions of both citizens and politicians.

As wildfires are increasingly causing negative impacts to communities and their livelihoods, many communities are demanding more proactive and locally driven approaches to address wildfire risk. This marks a shift away from centralized governance models where decision-making is concentrated in government agencies that prioritize reactive wildfire suppression. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Community Forests—a long-term, area-based tenure granted to Indigenous and/or local communities—are emerging as local leaders facilitating proactive wildfire management. To explore the factors that are enabling local governance approaches to managing wildfire risk, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 Community Forest managers across BC. Managers highlighted financial and social capacity, especially trust and relationships with both community members and government agencies, as crucial factors influencing their ability to undertake proactive management. These factors enable Community Forests to address wildfire risk not only within their own tenure area, but also at household, community, and landscape scales, while balancing diverse community values, objectives for forest management, and legal and policy obligations. Despite ongoing challenges, Community Forests emphasized the importance of scaling up their efforts to address wildfire risk and are a critical form of local wildfire governance that can help advance proactive wildfire management across BC.

Protected areas that are created to safeguard environmental values such as Indigenous culturescapes may in fact significantly fail in this task. This study concerns such an instance in far north-west Tasmania, where the government adopted a multiple-use resource conservation-development management model for the Arthur–Pieman Conservation Area (APCA). The model offers protection of cultural heritage values whilst permitting numerous community recreational and commercial uses. One particular objective is to protect ‘an extraordinary richness of Aboriginal cultural heritage’ in one of Earth's great archaeological regions (DPIWE, Arthur–Pieman Conservation Area Management Plan, 2002, p. iii). Yet under the auspices of multiple use, Aborigine and others report unremitting damage and loss of ancestral values. To examine how this is so in an actively managed protected area, perceptions of 16 environmental professionals and local residents engaged in APCA planning and management are used to identify three major challenges for appropriate custodianship of the Aboriginal cultural landscape: Aboriginal–Eurocentric conflicts; limited community governance capacities; and deficient regulatory provisions. It is concluded that APCA multiple-use management of heritage conservation is ineffectual and that an alternative governance model is required urgently. The management challenges examined here offer insights for problematic Indigenous cultural heritage conservation in other jurisdictions of Australia and elsewhere.

Over the past two decades, Taiwan's welfare policies for the elderly have prepared for the arrival of an aged society with the aim of facilitating aging in place (AIP). The Long-Term Care Services Act passed by the Legislative Yuan in 2015 set regulations for long-term care personnel, thereby improving the welfare system for the elderly. The government's AIP policies focus on providing welfare institutions or service units and do not sufficiently explore key factors such as the relationship between care services and community governance models. Since the basic focus of elderly welfare policies is AIP, it is important to actively empower grassroots community organizations and consider the elderly as important subjects of community participation. AIP policies emphasize providing long-term care and nurturing the elderly until death; such policies will be more proactive and innovative if coproduction is incorporated. This study briefly discusses theories related to coproduction using the case study of Chiayi County's Dingcaiyian Community Development Association, which links six communities in remote rural villages and establishes a community care network based on the coproduction concept. Follow-up issues related to community care are considered and potential practices and ideas to guide social welfare transformation and community governance in the future are discussed.

Urban villages mainly refer to rural settlements in China, whose agricultural land have been used by cities during the process of accelerated urbanization, but the homesteads are left and surrounded by the cities. Before 2005, urban villages were considered as "social tumours", and were widely criticised for their disorganised physical space and unmanageable floating population. However, urban villages are also the first choice for migrant workers because of their low rental prices. In Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the two cities with the largest number of urban villages in China, these villages accommodate about 50% and 70% of the city's population respectively, of which about 90% are migrant workers. Yet during the epidemic, there were surprisingly few confirmed cases in urban villages, and in even smaller proportions compared to the vast migrant population they house, which is assumed to be the main distribution chain for the virus. Of hundreds communities in Guangzhou and Shenzhen with confirmed cases, there are only about 20 urban villages, less than 10% of the total. This research selects Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which have the highest total population and a relatively high proportion of floating population, as the case cities. Then it groups the releases according to the category of commercial housing communities, urban villages and old communities, and uses the social network analysis function of ROST CM6 software to analyse the connectedness of actors, action spaces and measures taken in the epidemic prevention in different communities. It found that, unlike the centralised governance model of commercial housing communities and old communities, urban villages present more of a polycentric governance model. In this way, they have advantages in policy publicity, floating population identification and material supply. Urban villages are networks of social relations based on blood ties, which cannot be replicated in other types of communities. Nevertheless, with the growing awareness of citizenship among community residents, it is an indisputable fact that community self-organisations are developing and playing an increasing role in community governance. The community governance in the future shall focus on the overall interests of the community residents, maximise the participation of different community parties, encourage the community to own a certain amount of properties, and create a polycentric community governance mechanism together.

While the supply of water to dry or arid mountain regions has long been a major challenge, the on-going processes of climatic and socio-economic change currently affecting the hydrosystems of the Alps raise the spectre of renewed pressure on water resources and possible local shortages. In such a context, questions relating to fair distribution of water are all the more sensitive given the tendency to neglect the social dimension of sustainability. The present paper makes both a conceptual and empirical contribution to this debate by analysing a system of distribution that has a long experience of water scarcity management: the community governance models traditionally linked to the irrigation channels, or bisses, typical of the Swiss Alpine canton of Valais. More specifically, we evaluate these models in terms of accessibility and equity, characteristics that we use to operationalize the notion of ‘fair distribution’. We examine these dimensions in three case studies with a view to highlighting the limitations of the aforementioned models. Indeed, despite their cooperative and endogenous nature, they tend to not only exclude certain members of the population, but also to reproduce rather than reduce social inequalities within the community. In general, these results challenge the rosy picture generally found in the literature relating to these community governance models.

The deductive study has been carried out for achieving the research objective of providing a managerial interpretation of ecomuseum as a community governance model suitable for facing the “glocal” crisis; it is strengthened with an overview of this cultural heritage model on an international level. From the empirical cases provided by the “ecomuseology” literature, this chapter aims at outlining the ecomuseum phenomenon under a twofold perspective: the relationship between the ecomuseum and the community and the relationship between the ecomuseum and the environment. This overview is important for a better understanding of the research choice to develop the Tuscan experience, in the Italian context.

Hybrid infrastructures, hybrid governance: New evidence from Nairobi (Kenya) on green-blue-grey infrastructure in informal settlements

This article presents an analysis of aspects guiding the management of risks associated with wildfires in territories governed by indigenous communities in Bolivia, and the crucial factors that contribute to responsive actions. These include: (i) indigenous worldviews regarding natural resources and the use of fire, (ii) strengthening of indigenous institutions for risk management, and (iii) autonomous, participatory and democratic indigenous community governance models. Using the Indigenous Territory of Lomerío of the Monkox nation as a case study, it also examines the advances, limitations and challenges in addressing wildfire threats, and the land management approach promoted by the indigenous territorial government.

Purpose: This study examines the pivotal role of sacred groves and indigenous belief systems in biodiversity conservation and climate adaptation across sub-Saharan Africa. It investigates how spiritually governed landscapes function as reservoirs of biodiversity, providers of critical ecosystem services, and repositories of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) that complement and frequently surpass formal conservation strategies in ecological effectiveness. Methodology: The study employs a systematic qualitative literature review, drawing on a comprehensive synthesis of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, institutional reports, and grey literature. Thematic analysis was applied to organise evidence across the study's principal analytical themes, with cross-case comparison used to identify patterns across West, East, Central, and Southern African contexts, including case studies from Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Benin, Cameroon, and South Africa. Findings: Sacred groves consistently harbour greater species richness than state-managed reserves, sheltering endangered primates, medicinal plants, and keystone species through community governance mechanisms rooted in spiritual authority. Traditional taboos and rituals effectively maintain watershed protection, soil stabilisation, microclimate regulation, and carbon sequestration, often without external enforcement or financial incentivisation. However, agricultural encroachment, urbanisation, infrastructure development, religious conversion, and the progressive erosion of traditional practices among youth are degrading these landscapes at an alarming rate, creating governance gaps that formal conservation systems alone cannot address. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study advances understanding of sacred groves as dynamic, multifunctional systems at the intersection of cultural sovereignty and ecological sustainability, demonstrating that the spiritual valuation of nature generates intrinsic conservation motivation that consistently outperforms purely economic incentives. It contributes a cross-regional comparative framework that positions indigenous cosmological worldviews not as peripheral to conservation science but as foundational to it. Four interconnected policy recommendations are advanced: formal legal recognition of sacred groves through national biodiversity frameworks and UNESCO designations; hybrid governance models that empower traditional custodians with complementary state support; intergenerational knowledge-transfer programmes to reverse TEK erosion; and the integration of sacred groves into carbon credit and climate finance systems to generate sustainable conservation funding. These recommendations collectively affirm that safeguarding sacred groves demands reimagining conservation as a collaborative endeavour that honours indigenous worldviews while responding to contemporary ecological pressures.