Current Literature

The article, through presenting a company's project management office (PMO), argues about practices a PMO must establish for supporting new product development (NPD) in high-technology companies. A holistic case-study was performed where data gathered comes from interviews, direct and participant observation, and document analysis. The practices identified differ from the current literature about the PMO functions. The whole set of functions performed by the described PMO responds to specific processes an NPD project asks for. It begins monitoring, analysing, and systematising product requirements to develop project schedules. During project execution, it supports configuration management through engineering change management. When prototyping, it carries on provisions of the necessary materials and subcontracted processes for assembling and testing. These PMO functions are compared to the current PMO literature. It is suggested that the functions undertaken by the PMO can enhance the theoretical options for structuring PMOs in NPD-based companies avoiding mimicry dysfunctions.

Recently created policies and programs target urban form as a primary factor in changes in children’s travel behavior to school. Unfortunately, little research exists that supports a direct relationship between urban form and a child’s trip to school. This article first discusses the transportation and health problems these policies attempt to address. It then reviews the current planning and public health literature on the relationship between urban form and children’s travel behavior. Finally, a conceptual framework is outlined that addresses the complexity of the relationship between urban form and a child’s trip to school to guide future policy and research.

In recent years there has been an increased need for resilience in complex military and civilian systems due to evolving adversarial and environmental threats. Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) is a Department of Defense (DoD) program focusing on the effective and efficient design and development of complex engineered systems. These complex systems need to be resilient to threats throughout their life cycle. However, most current engineering resilience literature focuses on systems with a single function and a single measure. Today’s systems are becoming more complex, with multiple functions and measures involving critical trade-offs during early life cycle stages. This paper develops criteria for a framework to incorporate resilience into DoD analysis of alternatives (AoA). Using the criteria, this paper creates a framework for defining and evaluating complex engineered systems that consider many missions, scenarios, uncertainties, functions, and measures. Lastly, using the criteria and the framework, the current literature is shown to have gaps for incorporating resilience into DoD AoAs.

Background The current literature suggests that IBD patients have worse outcomes after emergency surgery when compared to elective surgery. We hypothesized that this association will be lost after matching cohorts of emergency and elective patients. We aimed to confirm the current emergency IBD surgery literature in a large cohort of unmatched IBD patients. We then aimed to determine if postoperative outcomes are worse in matched patients undergoing elective vs emergency colectomy. Methods We utilized the NSQIP PUF IBD Cohort 2005–2019 to assess 30-day outcomes in adult IBD patients undergoing emergency vs elective colectomy. Our primary outcome was any complication. Our secondary endpoints were readmission, reoperation, and mortality. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between emergency surgery and complications in the unmatched cohort. Propensity-score matching was performed to match emergency patients to non-emergency patients on a 1:1 basis. A logistic regression model was used to assign a propensity score to each patient using emergency surgery as the outcome. All preoperative and perioperative characteristics were included in the model except those with > 20% missing data. The probability of emergency surgery based on these factors was used as the propensity score. A greedy matching algorithm was used to find the best controls matches for each case. A Love plot was used to show the covariate balance. Conditional logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between outcomes and emergency surgery on the matched sample. Results A total of 16,790 patients (15,849 elective, 941 emergency) were included in the unmatched cohort analysis. 30-day outcomes in 21 categories including length of stay, surgical site infection, sepsis, death and cardiovascular, renal and thrombotic complications were worse in the emergency cohort (Table 1). After matching, 632 sets were constructed. The majority of adverse outcomes demonstrated in the unmatched cohort lost significance. Only unplanned intubation (OR 2.6, p=.006), >48 hours on a ventilator (OR 2.8, p<.001), septic shock (OR 3.6, p<.001) and any complication (OR 1.3, p=.03) retained significance (Table 2). Conclusion In concordance with the current literature, we demonstrated increased rates of postoperative infection, cardiovascular and renal complications, reoperation and length of stay in unmatched groups of IBD patients undergoing emergency vs elective surgery. However, the majority of these complications were not significantly different after propensity matching. This suggests that emergency surgery is not associated with poorer outcomes in terms of length of stay, mortality and most morbidities as previously thought.

To systematically review and meta-synthesize current (2019-2021) literature on aggression and criminality in androgen abusers. Results from 13 empirical human studies are discussed. Some androgen abusers engage in aggressive and criminal behavior. Here, results show positive effects and associations between the administration of androgens and aggression, and descriptions of various patterns and kinds of aggression and criminality in androgen abusers. Still, this positive relationship seems to be mediated by various factors, such as cognition, neurobiology, personality, polypharmacy, and study methods. The current literature on aggression and criminality in androgen abusers shows methodical diversity and underlines the need to synthesize the current evidence in order to draw overall conclusions as well as identify relevant and important knowledge gaps. On the basis of a systematic literature search, we identified 13 studies and categorized them by methodology. Of the 13 studies, 4 were meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 1 was a randomized controlled trial, 4 were cross-sectional studies, and 4 constituted case reports. Evidence on the relationship between androgen abuse and involvement in aggressive behavior seems to be mediated by cognition, neurobiology, personality, and polypharmacy as well as methodical factors, such as study design, aggression severity, type of measurement, and temporal proximity. Implications for practice and future research are presented.

Estimated rates of co-occurrence between obsessive and compulsive disorder (OCD) and panic disorder (PD) are notable, but vary considerably, with rates from epidemiological and clinical studies ranging from 1.8% to 22% (Rector et al., 2017). We reviewed the current empirical literature on the etiology, treatment, diagnostic assessment, and differential diagnosis of co-occurring OCD/PD. Best practices for cognitive-behavioral treatment, including identifying and addressing treatment barriers are also addressed. Although it is acknowledged in current literature that co-occurring OCD and PD levels may be clinically significant, there remains a need to thoroughly examine the possible consequences and future research directions of this overlap. Future research must continue to elucidate the biological and environmental causes of OCD/PD co-occurrence.

Abstract: The structural isomers of nitroborazines were optimized at M06-2X/6-311++G* * level of theory. The effects of the NO2 group on the molecular volume, molecular surface area, crystal density, positive,...

Although in existence for almost a century, the impact of rankings on organisational actors, organisations and organisational fields has only been investigated in recent years. Yet, the current literature is limited through by assumptions about whether rankings are a cause or symptom of change in organisational fields, the nature of templates created by rankings, the segments and boundaries of the ranking field, as well as the interaction of ranking subjects. This paper reviews the literature on rankings in light of this, clarifying how rankings impact on different levels of organisations and organisational fields through a collaborative construction of ranking templates. The principal contribution of this paper is to evaluate the state of the current empirical and conceptual literature on rankings, advance the concept of the ranking template, and present a framework that explains the differential impact of rankings on organisations through horizontal and vertical segmentation as well as the clusterisatio...

The majority of software projects fail, around 71% according to recent research. A shortage of user feedback and missed requirements are cited as primary reasons for failure. There are several prominent online platforms where software users post product feedback, including: app stores, Twitter, issue trackers and product forums. I have identified the study of product forums as a gap in the current requirement mining literature, and have selected them as the focus of this research. Product forums are widely used in the software industry, supporting online discussions between a products users and owners. While their primary function is to help customers use the product, forums are also a rich source of untapped user generated requirements. However, the manual effort to extract these requirements is prohibitively time consuming due to their large volume and inconsistent quality. Analysis tools to assist in requirement mining have been applied successfully to online platforms previously, but as of yet, not in the forum domain, where current techniques may be insufficient. My preliminary research has found that forums contain feedback useful for software maintenance and evolution, including several categories of feedback not identified in the current literature. I have developed forum specific classifiers to help categorise the different feedback in forum posts. I demonstrate that these classifiers significantly outperform a leading app store tool when applied to forums. In this report I present my preliminary findings, then outline my research plan with the final goal of producing an industry evaluated, forum analysis tool.

Lactate is the basic blood parameter in the arsenal of an intensivist when managing a critically ill patient. A 62-year-old male presented with nausea and vomiting. He had been using an Ayurvedic medication, Insulin Management Expert (IME-9), for his type 2 diabetes mellitus and was found to have severe lactic acidosis that was resistant to initial fluid resuscitation and Ayurvedic medicine-induced liver injury. He required admission to critical care for organ support and ultimately recovered. Because current literature on the adverse effects of this Ayurvedic medication, particularly hepatotoxicity, is limited, causality was determined using the adverse drug association tool Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), which determined this as a probable cause with a strong score of seven. As a result, our case adds a vital gear to the wheel of current research literature.

Effects of developmental exposures to Bisphenol-A and Bisphenol-S on hepatocellular function in male Long-Evans rats

The use of electrocautery during arthroscopy may heat intra-articular saline and subsequently damage intra- and extra-articular tissue. Newer electrocautery devices have the ability to measure the outflow fluid temperature and switch off before reaching a certain threshold; however, the scientific evidence establishing these temperature thresholds' potential for inadvertent damage is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse current available literature on temperature thresholds for tissue damage after exposure to heated fluid and provide a recommendation for the maximum temperature of intra-articular fluid to prevent tissue damage. In February 2018, a systematic literature review was performed using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. Inclusion was limited to studies investigating temperature thresholds for thermal damage to at least one of the tissues of interest: skin, bone, cartilage, soft tissues, and nerves. Studies not reporting specific temperature thresholds for thermal damage were excluded. Twenty articles were selected for the final evaluation and data extraction. Varying temperature thresholds, based on the lowest reported temperature causing tissue damage, were found for the different tissues of interest: 44°C for dermal tissues, between 47 and 50°C for bony tissues, 50°C for cartilage, between 43 and 55°C for soft tissues, and 43°C for nerves. Based on the current literature, a temperature threshold for intra-articular fluid of 43°C during an arthroscopic procedure is recommended to prevent tissue damage. Higher temperatures may cause damage to surrounding intra- and extra-articular tissues. The threshold for irreversible damage is likely to be higher. In clinical practise, one should be aware of possible heating of intra-articular fluid when using electrocautery and related risk of tissue damage. III.

The purposes of this article are 1) to provide an updated summary of some aspects of research into osteoarthritis and 2) to stimulate physical therapy inquiry on its causes, effects, and treatments. The current literature concerning the pathological changes associated with osteoarthritis is reviewed in the context of specific joint tissues (ie, articular cartilage, bone, synovial membrane, capsule and capsular ligaments, muscle, and nerve). Correlations are drawn between the pathological effects of osteoarthritis on these tissues and commonly observed clinical changes. Gaps in the current research literature are discussed, and areas needing further research are highlighted.

The crystal structures and corresponding ion-irradiation response for the Tb(x)Yb(2−x)TiO5 series

The limbus and the neolimbus are both pathological lesions that form in response to a developmentally dislocated hip. An understanding of these structures is integral to treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Yet, we believe the current peer-reviewed orthopaedic literature and orthopaedic textbooks commonly fail to correctly use or define these terms. The neolimbus is best defined as a hypertrophied ridge of fibrocartilage in the superolateral region of the acetabulum caused by pressure from the dislocated hip on this region. The limbus is the labrum that is hypertrophied with fibrous and fibrocartilaginous overgrowth, and is a potential block to concentric reduction of a dysplastic hip. We review the early and current literature in an attempt to clarify the use of the terms limbus and neolimbus and provide an overview of the importance and treatment of these abnormal structures associated with DDH. Level V, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.