Current Practices in BAS Security Management

Management of fever is a key element of care for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). There exist few studies of current practices in managing fevers in SCD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and malaria-endemic regions where SCD is prevalent. We surveyed medical providers in these settings to characterize current practices in infection prevention and fever management for children with SCD. We found wide variation in use of newborn screening for early diagnosis and infection prevention, pneumococcal vaccination, use of antibiotics and antimalarials, and route of antibiotic administration. Counter to established guidelines, 78% (95% CI: 59-100%) of respondents would consider using oral antibiotics for a febrile child with SCD. Only 17% (95% CI: 0-37%) would administer antibiotics to a well-appearing child with a positive malaria test. Availability of blood cultures did not affect duration of antibiotic course. Further study and standardization of fever management in SCD in LMICs are urgently needed.

For a decade or so, academic researchers and practitioners working in the field of software engineering have realized that in order to decrease the failure rate of software project development there is a need to make current practices of risk management more effective. The objective of this study is to explore how academia can play a significant role in making the current practices of software project risk management more effective. To achieve the objective fourteen experts in six different countries were selected to participate in this study. Following the qualitative analysis of open ended questionnaire that the authors undertook, five main related categories have been identified that shape up the role of academia in making current practices of risk management more effective.

Environmental and economic impacts of reducing total phosphorous runoff in an agricultural watershed

Interest in reducing purchased chemical inputs to reduce production costs and avoid possible environmental damage prompted this 7-year study. Two management systems, current management practices (CMP) and reduced chemical inputs (RCI), were evaluated for four crop sequences from 1985 through 1992: continuous grain sorghum; continuous corn; a 2-year rotation of corn and double-cropped winter wheat and soybean; and a 4-year rotation of corn, winter wheat/soybean, corn, and red clover hay (changed in 1989 to a 3-year rotation of corn, red clover hay, and wheat/soybean). No-till planting and recommended rates of fertilizer and pesticides were used in the CMP system. In the RCI system, N was supplied by a crimson clover green manure crop or the red clover in the rotation. Weed control was by chisel plowing, disking, and cultivation.Crimson clover top growth accumulated from 70 to 180 kgN/ha, red clover from 77 to 130 kg N/ha. Rotating crops increased corn yield with CMP but not with RCI. lndry years, corn yields were low (less than 3000 kg/ha), corn did not respond to fertilizer N, and yields generally were higher with CMP than with RCI. With adequate rain, yield of all RCI treatments were the same as yield in CMP continuous corn receiving no fertilizer N. Johnsongrass competition was the main reason for low yields in the RCI treatments. Soybean yields were higher with CMP in 4 years and higher with RCI one year. Wheat and grain sorghum yields were higher with CMP than with RCI. A dramatic decline in johnsongrass in sorghum was noted in 1989, and several plots remained relatively free of johnsongrass through 1992.Management decisions made during the experiment included the degree of input reduction in RCI; whether to either end or modify unproductive treatments; whether to use newly available varieties and pesticides; whether to suspend the experiment to eliminate johnsongrass; and how to add new treatments while retaining the original treatments.

Background: Postoperative pain has a negative effect on the process of recovery. There is paucity of literature on the postoperative pain management practice in children in developing countries. We sought to determine the current practice of postoperative pain management in children among pediatric surgeons in Nigeria. Methods: A cohort of 43 pediatric surgeons/trainees attending two annual meetings of Association of Paediatric Surgeons of Nigeria (2011 and 2013) were surveyed with a questionnaire enquiring about the practice of postoperative pain management in children and their perceptions. Results: Thirty-seven respondents had completed the survey (86% response rate). Of these respondents, 27 (73.0%) were consultants and 10 (27.0%) were trainees. Only 2 (5.4%) respondents used any guidelines, and 8 (21.6%) respondents had an established institutional protocol for the pediatric postoperative pain management. Almost half of the respondents (18, 48.6%) used clinical judgments for assessing postoperative pain, followed by crying, requires oxygen to maintain saturation > 95%, increased vital signs, expressions, and sleeplessness scale (13, 35.1%); alertness, calmness, respiratory response/crying, physical movement, muscle tone, and facial tension behavioral scale (11, 29.7%); and verbal rating (10, 27.0%). In neonates, 89% of the respondents used paracetamol and 32% used pentazocine for routine postoperative analgesia. None of the respondents used morphine for neonatal postoperative analgesia. In older children, commonly used analgesics include paracetamol (35, 94.6%), pentazocine (30, 81.1%), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (28, 75.7%). More than half of the respondents (20, 54.1%) were not satisfied with their current practice of postoperative pain management. Conclusion: Pain was infrequently assessed, and analgesic therapy though multimodal was largely not protocol based and therefore subject to inadequate pain relief. Postoperative pain should be more visible in our hospitals, and efforts should be made to improve its assessment and management.

PurposeHyphema is a sequela of ocular trauma and can be associated with significant morbidity. Management of this condition is variable and can depend on individual institutional guidelines. We aimed to summarize current practices in hyphema management across ophthalmological institutions worldwide.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted across North America, Asia, South America, Africa, Europe, and Australia from August 2020 to January 2021. The survey assessed the existing practices in the management of hyphema at each institution.ResultsFor layered hyphema, topical steroids were routinely administered by 34 (of 36 respondents, 94.4%) institutions, of which prednisolone was the preferred choice (n = 32, 88.9%). Topical cycloplegics were used at 34 (94.4%) institutions. No institution reported routine use of antifibrinolytics. Head elevation was the most deployed procedure to promote hyphema reabsorption (n = 31, 86.3%), followed by partial bed rest (n = 21, 58.3%). The majority of institutions (n = 25, 69.4%) did not routinely pursue admission for hyphema patients, although 75.0% of institutions (n = 27) scheduled follow-up visits within 48 hours of presentation. Additionally, few institutions performed routine sickle cell trait testing for patients presenting with hyphema (n = 6, 16.7%). The decision to perform anterior chamber washout varied and was often based on intraocular pressure and the speed of hyphema resolution.ConclusionUnanimity of international institutions on hyphema management is lacking. As it stands, many current interventions have unconvincing evidence supporting their use. Evidence-based guidelines would be beneficial in guiding decision-making on hyphema management. Additionally, areas of consensus can be used as foundations for future standard of care investigations.

Impacts of climate changes, soil nutrients, variety types and management practices on rice yield in East China: A case study in the Taihu region

Analysis of the organization becomes necessary when the organization shows certain phenomena such as performance decreasing or increasing sharply, organizations structural changes, organizational climate is not conducive, the number of employee changes, and so on. This study explores the implementation of Morgan’s Organizational Metaphor Theory in the management practice within a private higher education institution in Jakarta. This study helps to interpret the advancements and barriers in the current management practice. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Some analyses were made based on the eight metaphors about organizations according to Morgan, namely the metaphor of the organization 1) as a machine, 2) as an organism, 3) as the brain, 4) as culture, 5) as a political system, 6) as a physical prison, 7) as a dynamic and transforming reality, and 8) as an instrument of domination. The results show that the institutions should strive to make some important changes in their management practice, especially by applying the recent management practices, including treating lecturers and staff as partners. This study implies that the implementation of modern management must be accompanied by the leadership.
 Keywords: organizational metaphor theory, modern management, leadership commitment

The aim of the study is to assess faecal sludge management (FSM) in Nguru town, Nguru Local Government area of Yobe State. Random sampling method was used in the selection of respondents in six political wards of the study area. A total of 399 questionnaires were administered to respondents in the study area with the view to identify the types and current practices of faecal sludge management in the study area. The result of the study indicates that majority of the respondents 68% used pit latrine, 24% used water closet while 8% used other type of toilet facilities. However, on the excreta defecation, the finding indicated that 84% had access to household toilets, 8.0% used public toilets, and 6.0% practiced open defecation with the remaining 2% practicing defecation in polythene bags after which they discard it into the bush or on a refuse dump. The study further revealed that majority (54%) of the respondents disposed their toilet sludge by land fill, 31% participants were using any available land for faecal sludge final disposal while 10 % and 5% disposed their toilet by nearby river and composting respectively. The finding indicated that, the faecal sludge management of the study area is unsatisfactory and may pose a risk of environmental and adverse human health. The current practices of faecal sludge management were found below international standard requirement set by WHO. It is therefore recommend that Government should come up with proper orientation and environmental laws should be put in place for the general public and also to provide necessary facilities and arrange for better methods of faecal sludge management.

In the contemporary classrooms, teachers need to be creators of productive learning environments in which students can develop necessary skills and competencies to thrive in the 21st century. Establishing a productive and positive learning environment is a challenging task for the teachers as there are various factors affecting actual classroom activities that may result in effective or ineffective teaching (Hardin, 2011; Weinstein & Novodvorsky, 2015). How effectively the students learn and improve their skills, and how well they behave are affected by a teacher’s ability to manage different aspects of the classroom (Oyinloye, 2010). Within this framework, the main purpose of the present study was to synthesize the research studies on classroom management conducted between 2009 and 2019. It was also aimed to investigate the relationship between classroom management and students’ learning by examining the current perspectives and practices of classroom management. In order to synthesize the qualitative data on classroom management and to generate common themes with respect to learning and classroom management, content analysis of main findings of the analyzed studies was carried out. The synthesis of the reviewed studies indicated that different dimensions of classroom management and learning were studied extensively in relation to four themes “positive learning environment”, “physical environment in the classrooms”, “management of learning tasks and instructional activities”, and “motivation and academic engagement”. A synthesis of current perspectives and practices of classroom management in the literature may contribute to provide solutions for the educational/learning problems, if any, stemming from ineffective classroom management implementations. Results may provide teachers practical insights to improve the quality of teaching and learning in their classrooms. Keywords: Classroom Management, Positive Learning Environment, Instructional Activities, Motivation, Academic Engagement.

National surveys were conducted in Japan to assess the current practices for circulatory management of extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) in acute phases. Approximately 80 and 100 institutions were surveyed in 2006 and 2011, respectively. Echocardiography was identified as an important diagnostic tool at 95% of the surveyed institutions. Furthermore, 74% of the institutions survey in 2011 used vasodilator agents. In 2011, the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcfc) and left ventricular end-systolic wall stress (ESWS) were used by 60% of the surveyed institutions to evaluate the relationship between afterload of the left ventricle and left ventricular contractility. Overall, the data collected from these national surveys clarified the current practices for circulatory management of ELBWIs in Japan, particularly the use of echocardiography and cardiovascular agents, including catecholamines and vasodilators.

This article reports and interprets data collected from a 1995 survey of special collections repositories at Association of Research Libraries institutions. It covers part one of the survey—current practices in preservation management. One hundred thirteen institutions represented by 170 archives/manuscripts repositories were asked to participate, of which 143 institutions, or 84.1%, did so. This is the second largest sample of archives' preservation activities ever gathered in the United States. The goals of the study were, first, to create a base of data on the development of archival preservation programs in research institutions and interpret that data and, second, to understand the extent to which the archives and library preservation departments interact in their common mission to ensure the availability of research materials to present and future generations. The study is unique in its investigation of the interrelationships between the archival repository's and the library's operational functions. This article recognizes that there is potential for a certain amount of preservation program development and integration between libraries and archives.

Forests play a major role in maintaining healthy streams and in providing ecosystem services such as clean drinking water, flood/drought protection and biodiversity, but studies have shown that some forestry operations can compromise these benefits. To assess whether current forest management practices impact stream ecosystems, a five-year study was conducted in J.D. Irving, Limited’s Black Brook Forestry District (New Brunswick, Canada) and in other watersheds with varying forest management intensity. This study was divided into two phases, with each addressing one main research question: 1) how different intensities of forest management affect the ecological health of headwater streams and, 2) whether the changes observed in headwater streams accumulate or dissipate in larger downstream rivers. A comprehensive approach to examining these research questions was taken by measuring multiple abiotic and biotic indicators to assess the integrity of stream ecosystems (sediments, water chemistry, insect communities, leaf decomposition, fish condition, mercury concentrations). The purpose of this paper is: 1) to synthesize the results of numerous scientific articles, and 2) to present the science and management implications in terms that regulatory and industrial forest managers can use to incorporate the lessons learned into their decision making. Results in Phase I show that streams in the most intensively managed catchments had greater inputs of terrestrial materials such as sediments, and these were incorporated into food webs, resulting in more terrestrial diets of aquatic consumers. The important stream function of leaf litter breakdown was negatively influenced by increased management intensity. Management practices related to roads warrant special attention, as roads tended to be more related to changes in stream indicators than tree removal. Additionally, results suggest that wet riparian areas were more sensitive to disturbance than drier riparian areas, which has implications for riparian buffer zone configurations. Regarding Phase II, some of the effects of forest management on small streams accumulated in larger downstream rivers (e.g., sediments, use of terrestrial resources by aquatic organisms), while others dissipated (e.g., water temperature, mercury contents). Interestingly, the impacts of forest management on streams were greater in the basin with tree removal but less silviculture than in the basin with more of both, suggesting that greater overall intensity of forest practices does not necessarily translate into greater environmental impacts, for example when considering partial versus clearcut harvesting. Overall, the study suggests that while current best management practices do not eliminate all effects, they do still offer good protection of biological integrity downstream.

Against the background of the perennial management challenges facing the Ghanaian House Building Industry, project management practices in the implementation of Mass House Building Projects (MHBPs) is presented with a view to reflecting on their strength and weaknesses. The role of project managers (PMs) and their performance on these projects are reviewed including how they have helped or met project objectives especially in terms of completion dates and cost. The evidence gathered suggests that, professional project management services, emanating from project inception to completion can potentially help in minimizing the effects of some of the key managerial challenges. It is suggested that, all other things being equal, some characteristics of the professional project management services could be adopted and embodied into a framework within which current management practices can be advanced for improving effective delivery of future housing projects.Keywords: Ghana, housing- delivery, project managers, professional project management

MON-308 MANAGEMENT OF HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA NEPHRITIS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: DOES IT DIFFER FROM KIDNEY DISEASE IMPROVING GLOBAL OUTCOMES GUIDELINES?