Current state and development prospects of the construction industry

An audit of economic security helps to prevent corruption, as well as an assessment of awareness in the struggle against corruption. Audit can promote the implementation of ways to protect the economy of the construction industry against corruption. The authors pay special attention to the problem of the construction industry in Russia. Practical questions of the audit of economic security, which are considered in the article, solve the problems of financial control in the system of anti-corruption policy. The purpose of this study is to develop an audit mechanism for economic security, as a system to prevent internal and external threats and risks. The main concept of the research is aimed at the formation of an audit of economic security in the construction industry. Effective work to prevent corruption in the relations of construction organizations is ensured by the formation of an internal control system to prevent the causes of corruption in the construction sector. It is necessary to take into account the fact that analysis of risk factors at the level of the operating segment in the construction industry can contribute to the development of this area.

In modern conditions characterized by crisis trends in the country’s economy, the construction industry in Russia faces numerous risks and threats caused not only by the instability of the financial system, but also by the emergence of new technologies in construction, on the one hand, and the cessation of supplies of imported equipment to Russia, on the other. At the same time, construction continues to play a significant role in the economy of the Russian Federation, as the tasks of providing affordable and comfortable housing for the country’s residents, as well as implementing investment projects in the field of infrastructure construction and urban development remain unresolved. In these conditions, the problems of pricing in the implementation of investment and construction projects are becoming increasingly relevant. The need to reform the Russian pricing system in construction is due not only to the insufficient effectiveness of current cost estimation methods, but also to the increased level of corruption risks in this industry. The article examines the current problems of the pricing system in construction, and assesses the reforms that are already being implemented in Russia. The author pays special attention to measures to reduce corruption risks in the construction industry. The author of the article analyzes the international experience in managing construction costs using new technologies such as BIM and blockchain, suggests alternative approaches to determining the estimated cost of construction and develops recommendations for the implementation of these approaches in Russian practice. The article will be useful for specialists in the field of construction, project management, as well as government agencies involved in regulating construction activities. The author’s recommendations can be used to improve the pricing system in construction and increase the efficiency of investment and construction projects in Russia.

The digital transformation of the Russian construction industry is characterized by a significant lag from other sectors of the economy in terms of the level of implementation of digital solutions. The relevance of the research is due to the gap between the potential benefits of digitalization and the actual level of technology application in the context of economic constraints and the need for technological sovereignty. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between institutional conditions and the dynamics of digitalization, taking into account the latest regulatory changes in 2023-2025. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the institutional conditions of the digital transformation of the construction industry and to determine the role of the state in the formation of an effective digital ecosystem of construction. The methods of document analysis, comparative analysis and data systematization were applied. The key barriers to digitalization have been identified, including regulatory constraints, organizational fragmentation, staff shortages, and technological dependence. The concepts of information modeling and digital twins are analyzed. The role of the state as a regulator, customer and catalyst of innovation is investigated. The author suggests strategic directions for improving the institutional environment – the development of a unified digital ecosystem of construction and the strengthening of human resources with the creation of economic incentives. The necessity of a balanced approach to digital transformation, taking into account industry specifics and the specifics of the Russian economy, is substantiated in order to achieve 80-85% of the industry's digital maturity by 2030, which is necessary for the further progressive development of the construction industry in the economy and its full transition into a relationship with artificial intelligence.

The main requirements for modern housing are accessibility, quality and aesthetics. In construction, new requirements arise for the technology of manufacturing structures: a free layout with a ceiling height of 2.7 m or more; column pitch of 6 m or more; ceiling height of the first floor up to 8 m; a high degree of factory readiness and architectural aesthetics of the exterior walls. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure a reduction in the weight of structures per 1 m2 of building area and an increase in installation speed. All these requirements can be fulfilled by the Recon technology, known in the practice of the construction industry in Russia and neighboring countries, which produces pre-stressed floor slabs up to 7.65 m long and unstressed floor slabs up to 7.2 m or more; efficiency structures, internal walls (IW) and external walls (EW) on universal stands 3.6; 4; 5.2 m х 60, 90, 120, 128 m in automatic mode, starting with laying concrete using targeted feeding, automatic vibration of the stand surface, grout of the upper surface and automatic heating of the stand. It is important to note that during the hydration of cement stone, the concrete laid on a universal stand does not move either horizontally or vertically, thereby ensuring high quality and density of the product.

The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the features of assessing and managing the financial stability of construction companies. The object of this study is entrepreneurial activity in the construction sector. The subject of the study is specific aspects of analysis and management of financial stability in construction organizations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: 1) determining the features, problems and trends in the development of the construction industry in Russia; 2) identifying the specifics of the functioning of finance in the construction sector; 3) systematization of factors that affect the activity of enterprises in the construction sector; 4) assessment of the financial stability of the construction company, taking into account the regulatory and industry average values. A classification of factors affecting financial stability by a number of system-forming features is proposed. The most significant indicators for assessing the financial stability of construction companies are determined, taking into account the industry specifics for making management decisions.

The construction industry in Russia, whose activity affects the economic development of the country’s economy, is changing. This is expressed in the development of new laws, building codes, rules and relevant organizational and technological solutions at the level of construction production.In this regard, construction production needs to improve organizational and technological solutions, taking into account modern regulatory requirements and production conditions. The selection of traditional methods for updating these decisions is an urgent task that requires proper research.The analysis of organizational and technological decisions of the organization and technology of construction production showed that organizational models of construction production need to be refined and optimized in accordance with the new realities that the participants in the construction industry have encountered.This primarily concerns construction organizations operating in conditions of destabilizing production factors.Construction managers, including engineers and technicians, need to pay close attention to organizational and technological solutions at various stages of the implementation of an investment construction project, especially when drawing up a work schedule.An important task when using the theory of experimental design is the selection of factors and the determination of their influence (values) during the experiment.In this regard, the author conducted research to plan and conduct theoretical experiments based on the method of expert survey. Also, given the totality of factors that are random in nature and affect the result, the object for research described in the article (construction production) is considered in the form of a black box cybernetic system.Research conducted by the author will allow:- prevent the emergence of destabilizing factors in the construction industry;- improve the effective functioning of the construction industry;- elimination of the risk of construction in progress.The final choice of organizational and technological solutions based on variant modeling using simulation and other methods will improve the quality of technical and economic indicators of both construction production and the investment project as a whole.

The considerable turbulence of the Russian economy has a restraining effect on the development of systemically important types of economic activity, with no exception being construction, in which, starting in 2015, there has been a decline. In this regard, we believe that the assessment of the causes of the emerging trend is an urgent task to be solved in the framework of economic science. The purpose of the paper is to quantify the impact of the main economic factors on the dynamics of the volume of work performed in the construction industry in Russia. Such research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparisons, graphical, tabular, correlation and regression analysis. Sources of information were datas from the Federal State Statistics service of the Russian Federation. Results of the research: analysis of the main characteristics of construction in the Russian Federation showed their growth in 2017 compared to 2002, while the leading positions are occupied by entities that are part of the Central Federal District, Volga Federal District and South Federal District; assessment of the impact of economic factors on the output of construction works showed a strong impact of the number of people employed in the industry and investment in buildings and structures; econometric modeling of the level of work performed in construction and a forecast for 2018-2020 shows that while maintaining the current conditions, the industry will grow in minor topics. The patterns of development of the industry that we identified may be useful to researchers in the field of construction economics and the housing market, as well as to government officials for shaping the development strategy for construction in the Russian Federation.

The dynamic development of the construction industry in Russia is accompanied by an increase in the complexity of ongoing projects and, as a result, an increase in the flow of information processed. It is necessary to manage a large number of different in intensity, direction, volume, flow patterns of informational, material and technical flows, as well as the flow of regulatory influences. In this regard, it is advisable to use a multi-level approach to planning the implementation of investment and construction projects in order to increase the efficiency and intensification of the construction industry. The article deals with the problem of regulation of phenomena and processes occurring in the space of investment and construction activities, by economic methods towards the realization of sustainable development goals. Options for the implementation of integrated control based on the investment program engineering control scheme are proposed, a flowchart of the algorithm for linking and implementing strategic controlling and operational management procedures within the framework of the integral control of construction projects of technically complex and unique objects is formed.

В статье проанализировано состояние строительной отрасли в России и за рубежом в 2020-2021 годах, сделаны выводы о влиянии текущей пандемии на отрасль. В качестве методов исследования послужили методы сравнительного и логического анализа, классификации и группировок. Изучены динамика цен на строительные материалы, работа механизмов финансирования проектов в кризисный период. В качестве силы, позволившей строительной отрасли устоять в период пандемии, названы своевременные меры господдержки, в частности льготная ипотека и субсидирование ставок по кредитам для застройщиков. Также помимо пандемии в качестве фактора, осложнившего работу назван переход на эскроу-счета. По результатам анализа данных за первое полугодие 2021 выявлены основные положительные и негативные факторы и сделаны прогнозы. The condition of the construction industry in Russia and abroad in 2020-2021 is analysed in the article, some conclusions are drawn about the influence of the current pandemic on the industry. The methods of the research include the comparative and logical analysis, classification and groupping. The dynamics of the prices of construction materials, work of funding mechanisms for projects during the crisis period are studied. The timely measures of state support, in particular the preferential mortgage and subsidizing of rates for the credits for builders are called as the force which allowed the construction industry to resist in the period of a pandemic. Besides the pandemic the transition to escrow accounts is also called as the factor which complicated work. The major positive and negative factors are revealed according to the results of the analysis of data for the first half of the year 2021 and some forecasts are made.

Overexpenditure of cost and time resources is one of the most significant problems, and cost certainty is one of the key goals of the construction industry in Russia. Using the method of an analytical review of documents, the main problems of the European construction sector that exist in the process of its digital transformation were identified and characterized. Research has shown that the interdisciplinary synergy of BIM (Building Information Model, digital information model), Lean (lean manufacturing) and IPD (Integrated Project Delivery, integrated project execution) can benefit an investment and construction project (ICP) throughout its entire life cycle . However, such a synergetic approach is not currently applied in Russian projects. The article examines the impact of innovative international strategies for implementing COI and examines the obstacles to the implementation of these strategies in Russia.3 key takeaways:1) review of COI contracts to achieve the greatest synergy and increase trust between stakeholders;2) the BIM mandate is important to encourage the use of modern construction methodology in all ISPs in Russia;3) search for innovative methods of changing traditional thinking about construction.Consideration of three main ideas will accelerate the implementation of COI in Russia, leading to better results in the short, medium and long term for all stakeholders.

Введение.Определена актуальность внедрения технологий искусственного интеллекта в Российской Федерации (ИИ-технологий). Установлено, что в нашей стране строительство значительно уступает другим отраслям экономики по использованию ИИ-технологий. Цель исследования – определение приоритетных сфер применения технологий искусственного интеллекта в строительном комплексе РФ. Методы. В ходе исследования использовались генеративные технологии, методы машинного обучения, статистического анализа, экспертных оценок. Результаты. Изучен отечественный и зарубежный опыт внедрения ИИ-технологий в строительстве; выявлены основные причины недостаточного развития этих технологий в строительстве в нашей стране; определены основные направления использования искусственного интеллекта в строительном комплексе РФ; оценены техническая возможность и экономическая целесообразность реализации ИИ-технологий в практической сфере строительства. В качестве основных причин слабого использования искусственного интеллекта в строительном комплексе Российской Федерации следует назвать ограниченное использование данных, отсутствие квалифицированных специалистов, высокую стоимость внедрения, сложности с интеграцией; регулирование и стандарты. Определены наиболее значимые факторы эффективного применения технологий искусственного интеллекта в строительной отрасли: качество данных; интеграция с существующими системами; обучение и поддержка; выбор правильного инструмента; регулярное обновление и улучшение. На основе проведенного анализа выявлены приоритетные направления внедрения ИИ-технологий в строительном комплексе РФ: искусственный интеллект в автоматизированном проектировании, управлении строительством, контроле качества строительных работ, прогнозировании рисков в строительстве, анализе данных, оптимизации ресурсов, обеспечении безопасности и экологической устойчивости. Вывод. Для ускорения внедрения технологий искусственного интеллекта в строительную отрасль России необходимо развивать инфраструктуру данных, обучать специалистов, создавать благоприятные условия для инвестиций и разрабатывать соответствующие регулятивные нормы и стандарты. Introduction. Artificial intelligence has recently found extensive application in the Russian Federation. However, it has been determined that the application of AI technology in the construction industry in our country lags much behind other economic sectors. The aim of research is to determine priority areas for the application of artificial intelligence in the construction industry of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research made use of generative technologies, statistical analysis, machine learning, and expert evaluation methods. Research outcomes. As a result of research, the authors examined the experiences of both national and international construction companies utilising artificial intelligence. They also determined the primary applications of AI in the Russian Federation's construction industry and evaluated the viability of both technological and financial implementation of AI in construction. The following should be listed as the primary causes of insufficient application of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation's construction industry: restricted data use, a shortage of qualified personnel, high implementation costs, challenges related to integration, regulations and standards. The following are the key elements for effective application of AI in the construction sector: high-quality data; integration with current systems; assistance and training; selection of the appropriate tools; and regular updates and enhancements. Based on the analysis, priority areas for the implementation of AI technologies in the Russian construction industry were identified: artificial intelligence in automated design, construction management, quality control of construction work, risk forecasting in construction, data analysis, resource optimization, ensuring safety and environmental sustainability. Conclusions. The development of data infrastructure, the training of experts, the creation of investment-friendly environments, and the development of suitable regulatory norms and standards are all essential to accelerate the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in the Russian construction sector.

Introduction. The focus on transferring design information to experts, builders, building maintenance personnel, rather than on design in itself differs information modeling from computer-aided design (CAD) systems. The number of research papers focused on transformation of architectural and civil engineering constituents of projects into a sequence of construction and installation works is insufficient. This transformation requires methods of immediate correlation between elements and items of construction works, as well as the matching of on-site work performance schedules. The article addresses development of such a work performance sequence that will facilitate automated planning and scheduling of construction works using information modeling.
 Materials and methods. A classification of construction and installation works, resources and elements must encompass principal construction-related notions. However foreign classifiers, used in building information modelling (BIM), frequently fail to comprise notions, technologies and techniques widely spread in the Russian construction industry. For example, such OmniClass sections as “Products” and “Work Results” have about 7 thousand entries each, while the Russian classifier of construction resources has in excess of 120 entries, and the number of versatile regulatory standards that apply to types of works is close to 180 thousand. Having analyzed the legal framework, the author identifies domestic technical rules and regulations that contain information on design and survey, construction and assembly, commissioning, renovation, maintenance and operation of buildings, structures and process equipment.
 Results. The author synthesized information on technical rules and regulations and developed an overall sequence of versatile processes that comprise the life cycle of a building (a structure). The author proved that actual labour costs slightly differ from itemized standard labour inputs.
 Conclusions. The list of work items, broken down by priorities by the author, enables automated work scheduling based on the list of elements and building constructions. In some cases, a designer can modify the sequence by rescheduling particular work items or adding a work cluster. Further, a dictionary must be compiled to enable identification of particular construction processes on the basis of a set of parameters of a structural element.

Стратегическое развитие кондитерской отрасли в России весьма актуально, так как это ключевая отрасль российской пищевой промышленности и один из крупнейших рынков кондитерских изделий в мире. Отрасль вносит значительный вклад в экономику страны и обеспечивает занятость большого количества людей. В последние годы отрасль сталкивается с различными проблемами, такими как изменение потребительских предпочтений, усиление конкуренции и изменение нормативно- правовой базы. Чтобы оставаться конкурентоспособными, компаниям отрасли необходимо постоянно внедрять инновации и разрабатывать новые продукты, а также поддерживать высокие стандарты качества и оптимизировать свои производственные процессы. Более того, пандемия COVID-19 также оказала значительное влияние на отрасль, вызвав сбои в цепочке поставок и изменения в поведении потребителей. Компаниям отрасли пришлось адаптироваться к новой реальности, внедряя различные стратегии, такие как цифровизация, электронная коммерция и диверсификация продуктовых линеек. Поэтому для кондитерской отрасли в России крайне важно иметь четко определенный стратегический план развития, учитывающий меняющуюся рыночную динамику и вызовы, а также обеспечивающий дорожную карту роста и устойчивости. Отрасли необходимо сосредоточиться на инновациях, разработке продуктов и оптимизации цепочки поставок, а также на обеспечении здоровья и безопасности сотрудников и клиентов. В связи с этим целью настоящего исследования стало определение возможных стратегических приоритетов развития кондитерской промышленности в России в целом. Для достижения данной цели были поставлены и достигнуты следующие задачи: • проанализировать состояние кондитерской промышленности в России; • определить и охарактеризовать актуальные стратегические приоритеты в кондитерской промышленности; • привести примеры трансформации стратегических приоритетов в кондитерской промышленности. Материалы статьи представляют практическую ценность для участников кондитерского рынка в рамках использования представленной информации при разработке стратегий различного уровня и принятия тактических управленческих решений, а также для научного и студенческого сообщества в качестве информационной аналитической базы. The strategic development of the confectionery industry in Russia is very important, as it is a key branch of the Russian food industry and one of the largest confectionery markets in the world. The industry makes a significant contribution to the country's economy and provides employment to a large number of people. In recent years, the industry has been facing various challenges such as changing consumer preferences, increased competition, and changing regulatory frameworks. To remain competitive, companies in the industry need to constantly innovate and develop new products, as well as maintain high quality standards and optimize their production processes. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on the industry, causing supply chain disruptions and changes in consumer behavior. Companies in the industry have had to adapt to the new reality by implementing various strategies such as digitalization, e-commerce, and product line diversification. Therefore, it is essential for the confectionery industry in Russia to have a well-defined strategic development plan that takes into account changing market dynamics and challenges, and provides a roadmap for growth and sustainability. The industry needs to focus on innovation, product development and supply chain optimization, as well as the health and safety of employees and customers. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to identify possible strategic priorities for the development of the confectionery industry in Russia as a whole. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and achieved: • analyze the state of the confectionery industry in Russia; • identify and characterize the current strategic priorities in the confectionery industry; • give examples of the transformation of strategic priorities in the confectionery industry. The materials of the article are of practical value for participants in the confectionery market in the framework of using the information provided in the development of strategies at various levels and making tactical management decisions, as well as for the scientific and student community as an informational analytical base.

This article examines leasing relations in the Russian construction industry. Leasing is a less costly form of effective equipment of construction companies. The article studies legislative and regulatory acts reflecting the government’s desire to develop leasing relations in Russia. A comparative analysis of leasing and credit relations is based on the following indicators: loan term, payment schedule, bond, depreciation, accelerated depreciation rate, property tax, VAT, insurance. The article proposes a mechanism for updating the material and technical base of construction organizations, taking into account state regulation of the process of restoring and leasing equipment. It is recommended to create a repair and maintenance base for construction equipment. An example of purchasing a bulldozer used in most construction organizations is provided. The use of this mechanism is widely used in foreign countries. In the Russian Federation, centralized restoration of equipment and its resale to construction companies is not used. Therefore, the mechanism proposed will make it possible to eliminate the lack of production capacity and increase the level of equipment of construction companies.

Objective : to systematize methodological foundations and to construct a conceptual model of information modeling technology as a basis for its full-fledged implementation with a view of improving the efficiency of investment and construction activities. Methods : review of information sources on the strategy of digital transformation of the construction industry; study of the regulatory system and retrospective analysis of the evolution of information modeling technology; systematization of information on its maturity levels; comparative analysis of analytical reviews and reports of leading consulting companies. Results: the essence of various semantic aspects of technology at the stages of its evolutionary development is investigated, the actual representation of information modeling technology is identified, a conceptual model is developed, and the features of technology from the viewpoint of process, technological and effective approaches are highlighted. The structural elements of the information model are determined, the dynamic processes of formation and progressive transformation of its components are described. The assessment of the current level of technology maturity in the Russian construction industry is carried out based on the Bew–Richards model; the importance of its full integration into the life cycle management system of the capital construction project to improve the efficiency of each stage of the investment and construction project implementation is substantiated. Scientific novelty : a modern interpretation of information modeling technology is presented, a conceptual model is developed on the basis of an integrated approach and its key elements are identified. Practical significance : the main provisions of the article and the developed conceptual model can be used by the subjects of the architectural and construction industry in developing a digital transformation strategy based on information modeling technology, in scientific research of theoretical and practical aspects of technology application, as well as in the educational process in the training of specialists in the construction industry.