Darwin and His Bears

Notes on Contributors

" . . . unless I am allowed to tell the story of my life in my own way, I cannot tell it at all." Written at the height of the Victorian period, The Wonderful Adventures of Mary Seacole in Many Lands (1857) is a paradigmatic black woman's text of self-authoring that has been lauded as "one of the most readable and rewarding black women's autobiographies in the nineteenth century" (Andrews, Introduction xxviii). Representing a locus classicus of culturally sanctioned feminine self-reliance, it was written and published in England by Mary Jane Grant Seacole (1805-1881), a free-born Jamaican who achieved fame for her work as a nurse during the Crimean War, meriting several medals. 1 Transgressing gender, race, and class roles as an adventuring businesswoman in Jamaica, London, Haiti, New Granada, and Cuba, and as a female who, undaunted by the horrors of the battlefield, deployed herself to the Crimean War, this heroine is extraordinary by any standard. But in addition to its biographical importance, this work is an invaluable means of espying how the free(d) female subject fashioned her identity, from a socially, racially, and economically disempowered position in the post-Emancipation historical environment. 2 Wonderful Adventures is a cultural text that reveals how Seacole, a woman of color, exploited critical historical moments to construct a new social identity. At the same time, though, Seacole's independence raises questions about the role of the dominant power in the free(d) subject's search for equality and social rights, for Seacole seems to have advanced through her own machinations, rather than through the inconsistent British script of freedom offered to the colonial, racial subject. [End Page 309] I will argue that Seacole's textual and rhetorical strategies encode contestatory practices that enable her to author herself and to critique and unsettle Victorian ideology. By manipulating genre and linguistic conventions, Seacole promotes a double-voicedness that allows her to challenge "disciplining" systems (in Foucault's sense of non-coercion)--practices which mark her as a resisting subject. 3 By foregrounding cultural issues of race and gender, thus forcing them into higher public visibility, Seacole also contends against the contradictory and conflictual text of freedom. Though seemingly ideologically compliant, then, the work's signifying strategies produce a text that contests authority while textualizing the authenticity of difference and hybrid subjectivity. When the location of the center shifts from Jamaica to England, Seacole finds this new site of difference less predictable than the colonial one. 4 The rejection Seacole encountered when she applied to serve as a nurse under Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War suggests how confusing the faces of freedom were for the post-Emancipation subject in nineteenth-century Britain. In Jamaica, Seacole had learned medicine from British surgeons. Her work there and in Panama, especially during cholera and yellow fever epidemics, had earned her a reputation as a nurse, and the title of "yellow doctress." When she became aware of the desperate conditions at the Crimean warfront--the newspapers were full of stories about untended soldiers dying more from diseases and lack of care and sanitation than from war wounds--a self-assured Seacole traveled to England to volunteer, carrying letters of recommendation from well-ranking surgeons. But despite her training and her letters of support, both the Secretary of War and the Office of Quatermaster-General ignored her. Seacole responded by getting to the Crimea on her own. Forming a corporation with an old family friend, she financed her own expedition to set up there as a "sutler." 5 Sailing first from England to Constantinople with her warehouse of provisions, she then made her way to Balaclava. At a place near the battlefield, she spent the considerable sum of eight hundred pounds to erect her store, the "British Hotel." Since she had also outfitted herself with medicines, she soon began to render nursing services to many of the sick and...

Stepfamilies do not begin as tabula rasa. Members of stepfamailies are well into the process of writing their life stories when step-relationships begin. Although remarriage or cohabiting may start a new chapter in those life stories, the plot lines from earlier chapters continue. Characters and events that were important in the development of earlier stories generally continue to influence the directions the stories take. In fact, forming a stepfamily has been likened to beginning a novel in the middle of the book. Family members are trying to combine and understand multiple, and often diverse, story lines from prior families; these story lines may include comedies, tragedies, mysteries, romances, science fiction, and even postmodern narratives that are hard to follow.

The subject of the study is family repositories, considered in connection with the personal history of each (any specific) person. The personal history of each individual is a new direction in the development of historical science, aiming to achieve "the historical immortality of a person" through the creation, preservation, and dissemination of the history of their life. The purpose of the article is to identify the potential of family repositories for creating, preserving, and disseminating a person's life story. The author examines and analyzes publications about family repositories in detail. The possibility of using a private network repository to create a family repository is considered, given that this repository is created by an ordinary individual. Special attention is paid to the properties, description, and selection of private network repositories; an example of a private network repository is presented. The functioning of a family private network repository is described as an element of a local data exchange network. Family private network repositories provide the technical capability to create, preserve, and disseminate a full-fledged digital history of a person's life and other family materials. The study employs interdisciplinary research methods that examine practical and theoretical issues related to the use of information and communication technologies in historical research. The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows: 1. The task of creating family repositories remains relevant over an extended period, and its solution depends on the purpose of establishing the repository. 2. A family private network repository most fully aligns with the goal of creating, preserving, and disseminating the digital history of a person's life. 3. Creating a family private network repository is accessible to the average computer user, as widely available home private network repositories are used. 4. In the creation of a family private network repository, individuals close to the subject of the story participate as users, uploading files of literary memories, video files, audio files, photographs, and other materials collected with the aim of creating, preserving, and disseminating a file of the person's life story. 5. The conducted research on this topic is aimed at developing historical informatics in terms of using information and communication technologies in historical research.

I shall attempt to demonstrate here that the general categories of hermeneutics can be applied just as well to the natural sciences as to the humanities, and I shall explore the implications of this demonstration for both types of disciplines. In doing so, it will be necessary for me to raise some unfashionable issues about the objectivity and rationality of critical interpretations, and, as a result, I may appear to be cast in the role of advocatus diaboli. The value of lowering the critical barriers that have been set up between the human and natural sciences, however, will outweigh any incidental paradoxes that may crop up en route.

Using key canonical science fiction narratives, Mesmerists, Monsters, and Machines examines the intersection of the literary and scientific cultures of the nineteenth century. In this original and refreshing approach to the study of early science fiction, author Martin Willis maintains that science fiction was just as important in defining the culture of the nineteenth century as other critics maintain it was in shaping the twentieth century. Mesmerists, Monsters, and Machines interrogates the cultural implications of scientific development as articulated, challenged, and reformulated by science fiction. Each chapter demonstrates that both science and fiction were vital parts of a culture of imaginative and empirical practices that were continually reacting to, arguing with, and influencing one another throughout the nineteenth century. In an engrossing narrative that cites classic science fiction texts, Willis establishes a timeline for the reader so that the cultural significance of science fiction is understood and its complexity and relevance to the nineteenth century is demonstrated. Those interested in nineteenth-century history and literature, cultural studies, the history of science, and science fiction will welcome this addition to the scholarship.

Reviewed by: Astounding Wonder: Imagining Science and Science Fiction in Interwar America by John Cheng J. P. Telotte (bio) Astounding Wonder: Imagining Science and Science Fiction in Interwar America. By John Cheng. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. Pp. vi+392. $45. I was initially led to expect something different from John Cheng's Astounding Wonder, for the introduction suggested that the book would offer a chronicle of attitudes toward science and technology in the "interwar" era, that is, from the 1920s to approximately 1941. This subject has been taken up many times in recent years, notably by commentators such as Cecelia Tichi, Miles Orvell, and Gary Westfahl—unfortunately, none of their work is cited here—and always to interesting ends. For this subject, what Cheng describes as "the significance and evolving circumstances for what might be called popular science in the early Twentieth Century" (p. 3) has become a crucial touchstone for explaining how interwar attitudes— along with World War II—helped shape our modern technological world. But Cheng's effort surprised by moving such discussions in a new direction, one that is well worth the effort. As the first chapter clarifies, his real interest lies in linking the development of interwar popular science to that of science fiction, particularly as it took shape in the world of the pulp magazines, such as Amazing Stories, Astounding Stories, andWonder Stories (originally Science Wonder Stories), from whose names Cheng draws his own title. Cheng's focus ultimately is on the ways in which scientific thinking and the imagination—particularly what might be termed the literary imagination—were intertwined in this formative period. As he suggests, "imagining science and imagining it passionately were part and parcel" of both cultures (p. 6), that of science and its trained practitioners on the one hand and that of the writers and readers of the new literature of science fiction on the other. Drawing on the examples of early rocket experimenter Robert Goddard and the members of the ambitiously named American Interplanetary Society, he notes that science in early-twentieth-century America was [End Page 417] never really an individual activity; rather, it was presented in newspapers and the pulp magazines as a kind of "inclusive enterprise" (p. 255). Thus, each new breakthrough seemed to catch the public's attention, to open up popular discussion and debate, and even to bring out volunteers eager to participate, as in the case of those who, responding to news stories about rockets possibly being able to reach the moon, volunteered to take the potentially one-way trip. His larger point is that science was part of a "social and progressive sensibility" (p. 4), a sensibility that was mirrored in and furthered by both the writing and the reading of science fiction in this era. While a number of histories of science fiction have made similar connections, Cheng's documentation of the extent to which readers of science fiction tended to see themselves as potential scientists—or even scientists in fact—represents a valuable contribution to our understanding of the place of the pulp magazines in interwar popular culture and in the cultural history of science. For while others have mined the pulp archives to determine what types of stories were written, published, and appreciated in this period, which prominent authors first found their way through the venues of Amazing, Astounding, Wonder, and their less successful brethren, and how much these journals' editors helped set the trajectory for a developing science fiction literature, much less attention has been paid to the readership itself. Here Cheng, in great detail, mines the letters to the editors of the journals, the open letters forums, and even individual correspondence, demonstrating how these various communications "led to exchanges within and through the backyard of their pulps, and for many, to activities beyond them" (p. 215), such as the formation of science clubs, collaboration on rocket projects, the creation of a separate fan fiction and fan-published journals, and eventually to the first fan conventions, or "Cons," as they are familiarly known today. It is this fan engagement that gradually becomes the real focus of Astounding Wonder—as well as its real strength, allowing it...

624 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE is a staple ofcomic books and science fiction produced for ajuvenile audience willing to accept cardboard characterizations of the scien­ tist as a heroic explorer. By contrast, the scientist as idealist appears in works destined for a more mature and socially aware audience. This scientist, motivated by idealistic or utopian visions, is a socially conscious individual, critical of his profession and willing to modify scientific research for the public good. He is usually encountered in the higher levels of literary production and not in popular books, movies, and television shows. Except for the last two depictions, the stereotypes outlined above disclose ambiguous individuals who, if not always sinister and dan­ gerous, are nevertheless engaged in activities ultimately harmful to society. Whatever their ultimate aims, all of the stereotypical scien­ tists are male. Apart from Marie Curie, it is difficult to recall another female scientist, real or fictional, familiar to a wide audience. Haynes has adopted a chronological approach in her analysis of the six stereotypes. This raises some problems in her discussion of the early period, when a small number of individuals pursued scien­ tific interests. Therefore, Haynes fills her early chapters with ex­ tended accounts of the history of science. Unfortunately, this is a canned history ofscience, and one marred by errors offact and inter­ pretation. If the historian of science is troubled by these accounts, the historian of technology will wish that the author offered a more sophisticated treatment of the relationship between science, tech­ nology, and industry. These criticisms aside, however, readers of this book will discover many new interpretations of familiar scientific figures, and a host ofnew novels, plays, and poems that feature scien­ tists as major characters. George Basalla Dr. Basalla teaches the history of science and technology at the University of Delaware. Literature and Technology. Edited by Mark L. Greenberg and Lance Schachterle. Bethlehem, Pa., and Cranbury, N.J.: Lehigh Univer­ sity Press and Associated University Presses, 1992. Pp. 322; notes, bibliography, index. $45.00. The editors of this collection are keen to break down the antithesis that opposes literature, conceived as imaginative and subjective, to rigorous, mechanistic technology. Postmodernist approaches to lit­ erature, assumed by most of the contributors, claim to be more ana­ lytic and objective, more “technological,” while science, so David Porush concludes in “Literature as Dissipative Structure,” could well adopt, “if it is going to succeed,” the techniques of literary ex­ pression. Unfortunately, these analyses often seem as hard for the uniniti­ TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 625 ated to understand as subatomic physics. Some pieces deal with the response to particular artifacts, mostly instruments that are them­ selves intellectual constructs, or aids to the intellectualization of what our senses perceive. All too often what begins as an observant comment is overworked as a key to all manner of hidden meanings. Since medieval maps of the world show the three land masses of the Old World surrounded by a circular ocean, Sylvia Tomasch refers other circles to this image, even the circular amphitheater of Chau­ cer’s Knight’s Tale. Indeed, Chaucer describes this structure as hav­ ing three gates, but in no way associates them with the three conti­ nents of his world. In “Gazing on Technology: Theatrum Mechanorum and the As­ similation ofRenaissance Machinery,” Kenneth Knoespel speculates on the machine as image, as he finds it in the picture books of me­ chanical invention and in the fantastic gardens of contemporary ro­ mantic literature, whose depictions were influenced by the real me­ chanical automata in the grander gardens of the day. That is a good point; but again, he pushes the theatricality of these books too far. Many of the machines therein are depicted through cutaways in brickwork. Was this really to pull back the curtain on a theatrical concealment? Or did the authors just use a relatively simple back­ ground against which the components of their machines stood out more clearly? Incidentally, this article is also marred by several curi­ ous little mistakes—starting with the title, which should be “thea­ trum machinanm”\ In an account of Robert Boyle’s air pump, Robert Markley points out that the more personal and...

References to the economy are ubiquitous in modern life, and virtually every facet of human activity has capitulated to market mechanisms. In the early modern period, however, there was no common perception of the economy, and discourses on money, trade, and commerce treated economic phenomena as properties of physical nature. Only in the early nineteenth century did economists begin to posit and identify the economy as a distinct object, divorcing it from natural processes and attaching it exclusively to human laws and agency. In The Natural Origins of Economics, Margaret Schabas traces the emergence and transformation of economics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries from a natural to a social science. Focusing on the works of several prominent economists - David Hume, Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill - Schabas examines their conceptual debt to natural science and thus locates the evolution of economic ideas within the history of science. An ambitious study, The Natural Origins of Economics will be of interest to economists, historians, and philosophers alike.

When sharing the own life story through a picturebook, artists are expected to be influenced by several factors: their motive for creating an autobiographical picturebook, the construction of their past self and present self through the interplay of text and image, and social, historical and cultural factors and the flow of time between the past and the present. Creators of autobiographical picturebooks may, to a greater or lesser extent, reflect on how these factors have influenced the construction of their life narrative. This article analyzes Peter Sís’s The wall (2007) and Ed Young’s The house Baba built (2011). In both autobiographical picturebooks, the ‘hand of the artist’ cannot be overlooked. The artistic choices show how Sís’s book is based on traumatic memories of his childhood experiences, whereas Young’s book is a nostalgic reflection on his safe and happy childhood. Both artists have been influenced by the social context of their past, but they differ in reflecting on these influences. Sís does not inform the reader about how the book is created or about what led him to making certain choices. Young, on the other hand, reflects explicitly on his process of remembering and creating the book. This article shows how such explicit reflection affects the relation between the life narrator and the reader. Because ‘autobiographical truth’ can be understood as an intersubjective exchange between narrator and reader, ideally leading to a shared understanding of the meaning of a life, the narrator’s explicit reflection on the factors influencing the construction of the life story may ease this ‘shared understanding’. As the books discussed here are examples of ‘crossover picturebooks’, future research may discover whether a shared understanding of life is achieved alike for adult and younger readers. This article was submitted on November 1st, 2013, and published on November 3rd, 2014.

Astrological and Divinatory Practices in Burma:Mapping the beidin Category Aurore Candier and Jane M. Ferguson This special issue of The Journal of Burma Studies is part of a collective and multidisciplinary project which explores astrological and divinatory knowledge and practices in Burma. These practices include fortune telling, divinatory, and therapeutic techniques, and they serve a broader system for the interpretation of past, present, and future events. In Burma, as elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia, astrology, and divination rationales are part of social thinking and are also embedded in religious fields (Vernant 1974:10; Guenzi 2021:9). The collective aim of these four articles is to investigate the articulation between astrology, divination, religion, power, and discourse in Burma. The articles draw on research from multicultural contacts and consider the coproduction of knowledge through circulations of people, ideas, and systems of meaning across the longue durée (Raj 2007; Pollock 2011; Bala 2012; Fourcade 2013). In doing so, the articles endeavor to find connections and analogies with distant or closer past practices and knowledge in Burma as well as in neighboring countries. [End Page 147] Beidin 1 is the current Burmese designation for practices and knowledge related to astrology and divination. Mapping beidin as a category requires combining anthropological and historical methods. The first approach is to identify what knowledge and practices beidin encompasses today, and this is carried out through case studies of specialists and their practices, communities of knowledge, and conceptions. The second article in this set, "Min Theinhka: An Astrologer's Career through the Lens of Biography," by Bénédicte Brac de la Perrière opens with an ethnographic visit to Min Theinhka's compound, then segues to the complex profile of the remarkable astrologer, tracking his life story through the biography authored by one of his disciples. Moving from the story of an astrologer, Coderey's article, "We Are Made of Time: Astrology and Healing in Rakhine State, Myanmar" turns to an ethnographic exploration of healing practices among Buddhist communities. Through this evidence, Coderey's article demonstrates how the mastery of time (and the relation of timing with key events) relates the individual to the cosmic order. Thus, astrologers provide this key expertise for peoples' well-being. The second methodology is one of long-term historical perspective. It makes use of a variety of written sources (stone inscriptions, court manuscripts, royal chronicles, astrological literature), to apprehend when beidin emerged as a category of knowledge and how it changed throughout history to become what it is today. Its ontological history is the subject of Aurore Candier's [End Page 148] article, "The Emergence and Evolution of the Beidin Category in Burma: The Transition of the Long Nineteenth Century." Moving from Burmese categories and navigating the spatiotemporal waters of the waterclock itself, Caterina Guenzi's article, "The Burmese Hour" offers a compelling comparison of how horometrical systems which operated in Brahmanical India were also adopted in the Burmese courts; Brahmin astrologers at the Burmese courts were engaged differently than those remaining in India under the British. This article also offers a timely intervention and call for Southeast Asianists to engage with more research from South Asia. At the crossroads of the history of science and knowledge, the four articles understand science(s) and knowledge(s) as related "nomad concepts" loosely separated by "moving borders;" and focus on practices and practitioners to unveil the "scientific culture and knowledge" pertaining to specific moments and places in history (Van Damme 2015). In terms of time and space boundaries, the emphasis is on local changes, although the articles do constantly keep in mind the process of global integration.2 Some of the articles in this issue, such as those by Brac de la Perrière and Candier explore moments of important local changes, tracking the evolution of beidin conceptions and practices within them. These specific moments are either long periods in history, or a sequence of decades, or a few years following a traumatic event (political crisis, conflicts). Moments unfold in a particular time and space—a place filled with actors from different horizons with their own "regimes of [End Page 149] historicity" or conceptions of the world.3 While some...

582 SCIENCE FICTION STUDIES, VOLUME 48 (2021) publication of Oryx and Crake between “speculative fiction” (hers) and “science fiction” (not hers). But the default hierarchy remains in place elsewhere. Oddly enough, there is hardly any discussion of the aesthetics of form and genre in a collection mainly focused on the novel, and most essays take up the thematics of science-in-society in fiction rather instrumentally. I think this is why Kim Stanley Robinson’s SCIENCE IN THE CAPITAL trilogy (2004-2007) features fairly regularly in the collection. It is fine if treated thematically, because the series wears its fieldwork into science research funding in Washington on its sleeve, but no one seems to notice that Robinson consistently distends and breaks open the aesthetic form of the novel in even his most “realistic” works. In fact, he has chosen increasinly to challenge the limits of the Realist novel. The Ministry for the Future (2020) might share our contemporary world and have “realistic” representations of intergovernmental agencies of science, but the book utterly explodes the traditional novel form for an overtly Bakhtinian array of registers, styles, and forms (the lecture, the transcript, the diary, the scientific report, etc.). And Robinson has to do that, because the traditional Realist novel does not have the scale in its characterological and domestic focus to address the climate crisis. These are familiar arguments to sf scholars. Sherryl Vint, in looking at works by Robinson or Nancy Kress or Paolo Bacigalupi, does an admirable job of quietly and politely dismantling the implicit divide that builds up in the collection very effectively, yet largely concurs with the presentist frame of the editors that the blurring of mainstream and sf literature has occurred only in the last 30 years. Victorianist or Modernist literary scholars and historians of science might well beg to differ. There are some strong and informative essays here, nevertheless, including Carol Colatrella on novels depicting women in science through the lens of feminist science studies and a really useful essay by Uwe Schimank, “The Economization of Science,” that defines this as “the increasing importance of explicitly articulated economic considerations for financial costs and profits” (148). It is also helpful in general to witness the process of an attempt at canon formation for the “contemporary science novel” as you read through the collection. But to anyone interested in the embeddedness of science in society and cultural representations of science, the work undertaken in Under the Literary Microscope can only be a small portion of a much larger picture. The limits of the collection are announced from the title onwards, and it may be that the device really needed to explore this field is actually a macroscope.—Roger Luckhurst, Birkbeck College, University of London Wanna Be an Antiracist? Keep Science and Fiction Entangled. Josie Gill. Biofictions: Race, Genetics and the Contemporary Novel. Bloomsbury, 2020. x+270 pp. $115 hc, $39.95 pbk. Spending two weeks and 2500 miles of summer 2021 on the Great American College Road TripTM , I was struck that every institution I visited with my high-school senior advertised itself as “interdisciplinary.” The term’s 583 BOOKS IN REVIEW apparent meaning, of course, varied considerably. Most of our predominately undergraduate tour guides offered vague testimony to valuing classes outside one’s major; a few recognized that one discipline might helpfully supplement or critique another. None, however, ventured into the daring realms explored by Josie Gill’s tightly organized and consistently insightful Biofictions. Here, the often illusory nature of disciplinary boundaries themselves come under direct assault. For Gill, unlike many critics of “literature and science,” the issue is not how stories reflect or contort facts. The question is not representation. Nor is the focus on how science “explains” stories. There is no attempt to turn literary criticism into a science in and of itself, whether via big data or distant reading. Instead of utilizing a Venn diagram, Gill is interested in the fundamental illegibility of separate “science” and “fiction” categories. Rather than place terms such as “genetics” and “literature” (or “the humanities,” or “the arts,” or “the liberal arts”) in binary opposition, she recognizes that each field and the forms of knowledge it fosters can...

Man is on the threshold of breaking past the discontinuity between himself and machines. In one part this is because man can now perceive his own evolution as inextricably interwoven with his use and development of tools, of which the modern machine is only the furthest extrapolation. In this quote, Bruce Mazlish, an historian of science at M.I.T., identifies what he calls the Fourth Discontinuity, a gap between what is perceived as human and what is perceived as mechanical in the self, a gap which he predicts is about to be effaced or bridged. The three other discontinuities in Mazlish's scheme are those between man and the natural universe (bridged by the' Copernican revolution); between man and the beasts (bridged by the Darwinian revolution); and between man and his unconscious self (bridged by the Freudian revolution). The anxiety that technology poses a specific threat to or competes with something human has been articulated by artists and critics again and again since the Industrial Revolution: the English Lake poets, the French Symbolists, D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Matthew Arnold, G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, and Lewis Mumford are just a few who have historically taken a firm stand against technological encroachment. More recently, Jacques Ellul, Hannah Arendt, and Marshall McLuhan, as well as innumerable authors of humanistic science fiction, have offered us a vision of a more or less apocalyptic world in which homo faber is converted into homo machina and subjugated by his own fabrications. That science fiction and McLuhan and Kenner (in The Counterfeiters) betray a perverse fascination for and celebration of machines at the same time that they warn against its assaults on expression and freedom points to one of the paradoxes of technology: gazing into the hitherto ineffaceable and unfathomable distance between man and his creations, those writers discover an ambivalence toward man's technological success, a powerful vertigo produced by this disposition, at once fascinated and revolted.

SummaryFUSE-PhyloTree is a phylogenomic analysis software for identifying local sequence conservation associated with the different functions of a multi-functional (e.g. paralogous or multi-domain) protein family. FUSE-PhyloTree introduces an original approach that combines advanced sequence analysis with phylogenetic methods. First, local sequence conservation modules within the family are identified using partial local multiple sequence alignment. Next, the evolution of the detected modules and known protein functions is inferred within the family’s phylogenetic tree using three-level phylogenetic reconciliation and ancestral state reconstruction. As a result, FUSE-PhyloTree provides a gene tree annotated with both predicted sequence modules and ancestral gene functions, enabling the association of functions with specific sequence regions based on their co-emergence.Availability and implementationFUSE-PhyloTree is provided as Docker and Singularity images including all the required software tools. Images, source code, test data, and documentation are available at https://github.com/OcMalde/fuse-phylotree and https://zenodo.org/records/15855068.

Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (b.1623–d. 1673), published at least six works of natural philosophy under her own name (the number depends on how one counts various second editions she published). Her prolific output also included poems, plays, essays, speeches, stories, science fiction, and letters to fictional correspondents. Despite Cavendish’s own desire for fame, her reputation suffered at the hands of readers and biographers who dismissed her philosophical writings without giving them any serious consideration. However, interest in Cavendish’s philosophical theories has increased exponentially since the 1980s. Much of the secondary literature published in the 1980s and 1990s aimed to dispel the idea that Cavendish is not worthy of study and to establish both that Cavendish’s writings were informed by her careful readings of the work of her contemporaries and that Cavendish’s own philosophical thinking consisted of a detailed, internally consistent alternative to the mechanistic natural philosophy embraced by many of those contemporaries. Now, fortunately, scholars do not feel the need to justify their study of Cavendish. Secondary literature published since the early 2000s on Cavendish’s philosophical work starts from the assumptions that studying Cavendish’s works enriches our understanding of the landscape of 17th-century philosophy and that the details of Cavendish’s views are inherently worth analyzing. The secondary literature on Cavendish is now extensive and comes from many disciplines—English literature, philosophy, history, history of science, political science, and cultural studies, among others—and, accordingly, draws on a variety of methodological approaches. This article focuses on Cavendish’s philosophical views and includes secondary literature that is based on close textual analysis and sensitivity to the historical and philosophical contexts in which Cavendish was writing. Works are divided into the following sections: Primary Sources, Modern Editions, Digital Scholarship, Biographies, Overviews, Anthologies, Epistemology, Mathematics, Medicine, Natural Philosophy, Political and Social Philosophy, Religion and Theology, and Rhetorical Style.