Data analysis of a paste thickener

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis and anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis are both able to directly produce high purity hydrogen from electricity and water. Key benefits of electrolysis using polymer membrane separators include a quick response rate, enabling load following, and ability to operate with high differential pressure. Operation under differential pressure allows for simultaneous electrolysis and electrochemical compression, simplifying overall system design. The development and stack integration of new, high performance electrolysis materials must include consideration of operating range and durability under differential pressure to maintain the technologic benefits. PEM electrolyzers are commercially available on the megawatt scale and produce hydrogen fuel that is increasingly cost competitive with fossil fuel in select parts of the world. Better utilization of low cost electricity from renewable energy (wind and solar) is one route to additional hydrogen cost reductions, for which a wide current operating range is beneficial. Thinner membranes, more active catalysts, and better electrode design enable high currents at acceptable cell efficiencies. Performance and durability data will be presented on state-of-the-art PEM electrolyzer materials operating under differential pressure. AEM electrolyzers are not currently commercially available, but promise membrane, catalyst, and balance of stack cost reductions. To begin to compete with PEM technology, performance and durability need to be improved. This work focuses on membrane stability under differential cell pressure and material integration into high performance AEM electrolyzers.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is common in infants, and feed thickeners are often used to manage it in infants as they are simple to use and perceived to be harmless. However, conflicting evidence exists to support the use of feed thickeners. To evaluate the use of feed thickeners in infants up to six months of age with GOR in terms of reduction in a) signs and symptoms of GOR, b) reflux episodes on pH probe monitoring or intraluminal impedance or a combination of both, or c) histological evidence of oesophagitis. We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2016, Issue 2), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 22 November 2016), Embase (1980 to 22 November 2016), and CINAHL (1982 to 22 November 2016). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials. We included randomised controlled trials if they examined the effects of feed thickeners as compared to unthickened feeds (no treatment or placebo) in treating GOR in term infants up to six months of age or six months of corrected gestational age for those born preterm. Two review authors independently identified eligible studies from the literature search. Two review authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessments of the eligible studies. Differences in opinion were resolved by discussion with a third review author, and consensus was reached among all three review authors. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. Eight trials recruiting a total of 637 infants met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The infants included in the review were mainly formula-fed term infants. The trials were of variable methodological quality. Formula-fed term infants with GOR on feed thickeners had nearly two fewer episodes of regurgitation per day (mean difference -1.97 episodes per day, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.32 to -1.61; 6 studies, 442 infants, moderate-certainty evidence) and were 2.5 times more likely to be asymptomatic from regurgitation at the end of the intervention period (risk ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.51; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome 5, 95% CI 4 to 13; 2 studies, 186 infants, low-certainty evidence) when compared to infants with GOR on unthickened feeds. No studies reported failure to thrive as an outcome. We found low-certainty evidence based on 2 studies recruiting 116 infants that use of feed thickeners improved the oesophageal pH probe parameters of reflux index (i.e. percentage of time pH < 4), number of reflux episodes lasting longer than 5 minutes, and duration of longest reflux episode. No major side effects were reported with the use of feed thickeners. Information was insufficient to conclude which type of feed thickener is superior. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a physiological self resolving phenomenon in infants that does not necessarily require any treatment. However, we found moderate-certainty evidence that feed thickeners should be considered if regurgitation symptoms persist in term bottle-fed infants. The reduction of two episodes of regurgitation per day is likely to be of clinical significance to caregivers. Due to the limited information available, we were unable to assess the use of feed thickeners in infants who are breastfeeding or preterm nor could we conclude which type of feed thickener is superior.

Viana Rizki. 2015. “The Influence of Product Attributes, Advertising, and Reference Group to the Decision of Brand Switching From Other Brands of Motorcycle to Honda Brand (A Study on Consumers of CV Cendana Motor Cepiring Kendal). Final Project. Management Department. Faculty of Economics. Semarang State University. Advisor. Sri Wartini, S.E., M.M. This research is motivated by the emergence of the phenomenon of the increasing use motorcycle of Honda brand compared to the other brands. It can encourage consumers to switch to motorcycle of Honda. The problem in this research is there any influence of product attributes, advertising, and reference groups to the brand switching partially or simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of product attributes, advertising, and reference groups to the brand switching partially or simultaneously. The population of this study is all consumers of CV Cendana Motor Cepiring, Kendal. The sample of this research was determined using iterations formula method with a total of 116 respondents using Purposive Sampling. The data collection methods of this study was questionnaires. The data analysis used in this study was descriptive analysis, classical assumption and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 21. The regression analysis resulted the equation, Y= -5.351 + 0.388 X1 + 0.299 X2 + 0.419 X3. Based on partial hypothesis testing the results of partially, product attributes, advertising and reference groups give positive influence to the brand switching decision. While the results of simultaneous hypothesis test show that product attributes, advertising, and reference groups give positive effect on the brand switching decision. It can be concluded from this study that the higher the frequency of product attributes, advertising and the influence of the reference groups, the higher the decision to switch to Honda motorcycle. Advise for companies are suggested to convey input regarding product’s attributes to Honda’s producer, maintaining the effort advertising, and maintaining the marketing effort through agents or reference groups. Suggestion for the future researchers is to add another independent variables and expand the object of research by comparing other brands that have the same characteristics, such as comparing brand gadget and fashion.

The main objective of this work is to propose a mathematical model for the differential sticking coefficient of clayey drilling fluids with a lubricant as an additive and evaluate the influence of differential pressure and lubricant content on filter cake thickness and permeability. Tests were carried out on fluids composed of water and 4.86% of active bentonite clay prepared in Hamilton Beach agitators at a high rotation speed (17000 rpm) for 20 minutes. After a 24-hour time-out in a closed container, lubricants were added to the fluids at different levels. To obtain the differential sticking coefficient (DSC), and the filter cake, a differential sticking tester by Fann with a spherical torque plate was used, and the filter cake thickness was determined in an extensometer. The setting time, differential pressure, and lubricant content were defined as the input variables (independent variables) to the DSC mathematical model. The differential pressure and lubricant rate were the independent variables to the mathematical model of filter cake thickness (FCT) and permeability (K), which varied according to a factorial planning, was known as a second order model. The experimental data regression was performed utilizing Statistic software, version 7.0. The results clearly showed that it was possible to obtain a statistically meaningful and predictive mathematical model for DSC. It was also observed that the increase in the lubricant content was responsible for a DSC value reduction due to the fact that the lubricant was a dispersing agent reducing the filtrate volume and the filter cake thickness, and thereby decreasing the sticking risk due to differential pressure. Finally, from the analysis of point values and response surfaces for FCT and K, it was possible to observe tendencies that made clear that the differential pressure and lubricant content influenced filter cake properties.

Count Data in Medical Research: Poisson Regression and Negative Binomial Regression

The widely used orifice plate falls under restricted type flow devices, has the highest differential pressure and permanent pressure drop in the ensemble. The objective is to curtail the permanent pressure drop and maintain the differential pressure across the orifice plate, and thereby, the power required to pump the liquid is retrenched. So, three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates with an identical area to that of the single-hole orifice plate were designed and experiments were carried out. It is observed that the experimental results almost matched with the simulation data. In comparing the performance, the four-hole orifice plate yielded a higher differential pressure and higher-pressure loss. In contrast, the five-hole orifice yielded lower differential pressure and higher-pressure loss compared to the single-hole orifice plate. In case of three-hole orifice plate it performed better than the single-hole orifice with reduced pressure loss and higher differential pressure. It was also found that the power consumed by the pump for pumping was lower for three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates compared to the single-hole orifice plate. Thus, the three-hole orifice plate performs better than a single-hole orifice plate in terms of higher differential pressure, reduced permanent pressure loss and lower power consumption of the pump.

These days, many people have adopted e-commerce to increase sales and profit, but the adoption of e-commerce has come out with challenges. This research focuses on the challenges of adopting e-commerce in agriculture among the vegetable farmers in Pasir Mas Kelantan. In this research, two objectives will be evaluated, to investigate the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. This research has used simple random sampling to collect the sample size. Moreover, the respondents for the study are 59 respondents, which are calculated using Daniel 1999. Three types of analysis have been carried out to analyse the results of the study. The first data analysis used is descriptive data analysis, which examines the demographic variables of respondents. Besides, the second method for data analysis is correlation analysis, which is to observe the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Last but not least, the third data analysis is multiple linear regression which is to identify the most significant factor that influence the adoption of e-commerce among farmers. The challenge and factors used for these studies are the internet connectivity, cost implementation, delivery risk and platform fraud and adaption e-commerce platforms among farmers. The results show that the internet connectivity , delivery risk and platform fraud have significant relationship with the adoption of e-commerce among the farmers and As a recommendation, this research needs further investigation to observe more factors that will be the challenges for the farmers to adopt e- commerce in their agriculture farms.

Agglomerate dispersion in cavitating flows

This paper was prepared for the 46th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in New Orleans, La., Oct. 3–6, 1971. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract A series of drilling equations have been proposed for the measurement of formation pressure. proposed for the measurement of formation pressure. They appear to work well and are as accurate as log-derived pressure techniques. While it probably is not possible to develop one equation that will work under all conditions, one of the series should work quite well where good drilling practices are used. Calculations have been made using these methods in all major drilling areas of the free world and accuracies approaching 0.2 lb/gal have been attained. Introduction There are two reasons why a drilling/pressure equation should work.The basic theory of abnormal pressure due to porosity or compaction indicates that as the bit enters the high pressure zone, the rock becomes more porous and less dense than it was previously. This has been proved by the methods previously. This has been proved by the methods of determining pressures from well logs, shale densities and seismic velocities. The principle of variation from normal was proposed by Hottman and Johnson in 1951. They firmly established not only that variation from normal was an indicator of high pressure, but that high pressure could be measured by the departure of the velocity from what might be expected to be normal velocity for the depth under consideration.Since velocity is intimately related to rock density, the techniques involved in determining pressure from velocity or density should work equally well with drilling rate insofar as drilling rate is related to density or porosity.The other drilling rate/pressure factor involved is the effect of differential pressure. As the differential pressure between the wellbore and formation decreased, drilling rate increases. The increase approaches a hyperbolic function and often has an inflection point at about 500 psi overpressure against the formation (Fig. 1). It may be noted that both phenomena work in the same direction at the same time. Reduction in differential pressure tends to come with the entrance into the overpressured zone of greater porosity and both increase the drilling rate. porosity and both increase the drilling rate. However, it appears that the differential pressure phenomenon is the more sensitive function. phenomenon is the more sensitive function. These observation led to the belief that not only was the determination of overpressured zones possible, but that it was possible to determine formation pressures from drilling rate. The main difficulty appeared to be resolving the sensitivities involved in the drilling rate function.

In the two-cell stage embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans, the contact surface of the two blastomeres forms a curve that bulges from the AB blastomere to the P1 blastomere. This curve is a consequence of the high intracellular hydrostatic pressure of AB compared with that of P1. However, the higher pressure in AB is intriguing because AB has a larger volume than P1. In soap bubbles, which are a widely used model of cell shape, a larger bubble has lower pressure than a smaller bubble. Here, we reveal that the higher pressure in AB is mediated by its higher cortical tension. The cell fusion experiments confirmed that the curvature of the contact surface is related to the pressure difference between the cells. Chemical and genetic interferences showed that the pressure difference is mediated by actomyosin. Fluorescence imaging indicated that non-muscle myosin is enriched in the AB cortex. The cell killing experiments provided evidence that AB but not P1 is responsible for the pressure difference. Computer simulation clarified that the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of cortical tensions is indispensable for explaining the pressure difference. This study demonstrates that heterogeneity in surface tension results in significant deviations of cell behavior compared to simple soap bubble models, and thus must be taken into consideration in understanding cell shape within embryos.

Traditionally, thickener controls are implemented as single loop controllers in plant control systems. Based on our experiences from numerous thickener installations, this approach has several drawbacks, leading easily to poor process control and sub-optimal process performance. Especially challenging applications are paste thickeners, where the requirement is to achieve consistently high underflow density and high system availability without suffering process upsets and mechanical failures. The main reason for the poor performance of the traditional, single loop Proportional Integral (PI) controllers is their inability to handle the slow response dynamics and cross action between controlled variables. This makes tuning of the PI-loops challenging, and compromises have to be made between system robustness and the desired speed of response. In many cases, these controllers are run either totally or partially in manual mode, and operator intervention is needed to maintain process stability and the desired operation point in varying running situations. This paper discusses the optimizing control solution for paste thickeners. Initially, the instrumentation needed is briefly discussed. After this, an optimizing control solution based on multivariable model predictive control (MPC) is introduced, and the results from applying this control strategy to a production scale concentrate thickener are presented. Finally, a simulated example shows how the same control strategy improves the performance of paste thickener when compared to traditional control strategies. It is shown that by using an advanced, model based control strategy, the thickener can consistently run with higher and more stable underflow density, so that the required level of overflow clarity is also obtained.

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The prevalence of high blood pressure in children is increasing, with health consequences reaching into adulthood. Individual-level interventions may help address the burden of high blood pressure at a population level, but there is less evidence from pediatric settings. To assess the effectiveness of school- or community-based lifestyle interventions to reduce high blood pressure in children (aged 3-18 years) and identify components that support effectiveness. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched for studies from June 2013 to March 2024. Randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies were assessed using the following strict inclusion criteria: longer than 6-month intervention duration, participants aged 3 to 18 years, major aim to modify cardiometabolic risk, and measurement of blood pressure before and after the intervention. Interventions aimed at specific patient groups were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Blood pressure before and after the intervention was extracted, with the mean difference in blood pressure recorded. Data analysis was performed from June 2023 to July 2024. A total of 27 studies were included, of which 13 reported a beneficial effect on blood pressure; 24 studies targeted physical activity, 15 targeted nutrition, 16 targeted education, and 11 included family involvement. Of 14 multicomponent studies, 9 reported a beneficial effect on blood pressure. In this systematic review, results indicate that lifestyle interventions can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in the pediatric population, with multicomponent designs targeting both physical activity and nutrition showing the most promise. Future research should aim to further clarify intervention design and physical activity dosage, feasibility, and scalability, along with the long-term success of interventions that promote healthy blood pressure in children.

Under steady states the heart pumps whatever it receives and receives whatever it pumps. In other words, cardiac output (CO) and venous return (VR) are equal and the distinction between the two seems unnecessary. However, under nonsteady states the two are temporarily unequal and the distinction becomes significant. VR varies directly with the difference in pressure between the end of systemic capillaries and the right ventricle during filling and inversely with the total resistance of the venous system. Thus, the energy for VR is derived from CO. In some transient states VR becomes an independent variable and CO dependent until a new steady state is reached (e.g., exercise, hemorrhage, fevers, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, etc.). In other conditions the opposite is true (e.g., myocardial infarction, altered ventricular contractility, etc.). Explanation of changes in cardiac output in various perturbations of circulation are based on the identification of the independent variable (VR or CO) in a given physiologic or pathologic condition during the period that a nonsteady state exists.

Laboratory evaluation of nitrogen injection for enhanced oil recovery: Effects of pressure and induced fractures