Data-Centric Approach for Driver Behavior Research [ITS People

We examined 155 behavioral information systems research articles published from 1983-1988and found that while this research is not rooted in a single overarching theoretical perspective itdoes exhibit a single set of philosophical assumptions about the nature of valid evidence andthe phenomena of interest to information systems researchers. We argue in this paper that thesephilosophical assumptions draw on the natural science tradition, and hence may not always beappropriate for inquiry into the relationships between information technology and people or organizations. In particular, we suggest that the development and use of information technologywithin organizations is inherently processual and contextual, and that these characteristics are notalways adequately captured by the philosophical assumptions prevalent in information systemsresearch. Positing social process as central to information systems phenomena asserts theimportance of studying the ongoing interactions among people, information technology andorganizations, as these are situated historically and contextually.We argue in this paper that the dominant research perspective in information systems research isnot well-equipped to deal with situated interactions over time, and propose additional researchphilosophies to augment the one currently favored by behavioral information systemsresearchers. We outline the features of such additional research perspectives, the interpretive andthe critical, providing empirical examples to illustrate how and when they may be useful. Weconclude that multiple research perspectives can usefully be employed within the informationsystems community to enrich understanding of behavioral information systems phenomena.

Individual differences in neural circuits underlying emotional regulation, motivation, and decision-making are implicated in many psychiatric illnesses. Interindividual variability in these circuits may manifest, at least in part, as individual differences in impulsivity at both normative and clinically significant levels. Impulsivity reflects a tendency towards rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without considering potential negative consequences coupled with difficulty inhibiting responses.Here, we use multivariate brain-based predictive models to explore the neural bases of impulsivity across multiple behavioral scales, neuroanatomical features (cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume), and sexes (females and males) in a large sample of youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at baseline (n = 9,099) and two-year follow-up (n = 6,432).Impulsivity is significantly associated with neuroanatomical variability, and these associations vary across behavioral scales and neuroanatomical features. Impulsivity broadly maps onto cortical thickness in dispersed regions (e.g., inferior frontal, lateral occipital, superior frontal, entorhinal), as well as surface area and gray matter volume in specific medial (e.g., parahippocampal, cingulate) and polar (e.g., frontal and temporal) territories. Importantly, while many relationships are stable across sexes, others are sex-specific.These results highlight the complexity of the relationships between neuroanatomy and impulsivity across scales, features, sexes, and time points in youth. These findings suggest that neuroanatomy, in combination with other biological and environmental factors, reflects a key driver of individual differences in impulsivity in youth. As such, neuroanatomical markers may help identify youth at increased risk for developing impulsivity-related illnesses. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of adopting a multidimensional and sex-specific approach in neuroimaging and behavioral research.

Accepting the Passed Torch:A Vision for the Future Growth & Evolution of Progress in Community Health Partnerships Hal Strelnick, Editor-in-Chief To our Readers: On this past April Fool's Day, our team at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York, received the honor of guiding Progress in Community Health Partnerships (PCHP) into the near future. Einstein's team consists of Nancy Glassman, MLS, MPH, and Racheline Habousha, MSLS, as the new Managing Editors, and me as Editor-in-Chief, succeeding Northwestern University Feinberg School of Public Health's Adela Mizrachi, MA, and Darius Tandon, PhD, respectively. Dr. Tandon succeeded PCHP's founding editor, Eric Bass, MD, MPH, at Johns Hopkins, and led the search committee from the editorial board that chose us. PCHP was founded in 2006 and first published in Spring 2007. With brief occasional lapses, I have subscribed since Fall 2007, so I was very pleased in Fall 2017, when the PCHP Editorial Board as authors published a detailed review of the journal's first decade of publication1 and a "Vision Forward."2 Their two articles made our application to lead PCHP a straightforward matter of reading and responding to them rather than trying to review 10 volumes of 4 quarterly issues of 125 pages each (or approximately 5,000 pages). First, PCHP has been pivotal in ensuring the rigor, vigor, and flourishing of the approach and fields of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and of community–academic partnerships. Second, PCHP has faithfully pursued its original mission and helped to establish the science of CBPR, health partnerships, and our field. Third, my own quick PubMed search under the MeSH term, "community–academic partnership," yielded 138 articles published from 2007 to 2017, with 40 (29%) appearing in PCHP; Health Promotion & Practice followed with nine and Ethnicity & Disease with six articles, demonstrating PCHP 's clear leadership in the field. A DECADE OF HEALTH SYSTEM CHANGE FOR THE HISTORY BOOKS However, much has changed radically in our field, as noted in the Editorial Board's review. What follows is only a partial list: • The passage and implementation of the Affordable Care Act, an unprecedented breakthrough that ○ Allowed healthcare access to many uninsured; ○ Created the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; ○ Expanded community-based, community health worker-based, and patient navigator-based public health programs; and ○ Significantly shifted the terms of our long-standing national health debate. • The National Institute of Health Roadmap's Clinical and Translational Science Award initiative also began in 2006 and required community engagement. ○ In their 2013 evaluation of the Clinical and Translational Science Award network, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) endorsed community engagement across the entire research spectrum.3 [End Page 243] ○ More recently, the National Institute of Health's National Center for Advancing Translational Science modified "community" into "stakeholder" engagement. • The Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services launched the Delivery System Reform Incentive Program that in New York State has begun to reorganize the relationships between Community-Based Organizations, federally qualified health centers, substance abuse and mental health providers, and hospitals seeking to change the underlying social determinants of health to reduce unnecessary emergency department visits and hospitalizations for Medicaid patients, which absolutely begs for the scientific knowledge from the field of community- and stakeholder-engaged research. • Even the latest book from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, What Matters: Investing in Results to Build Strong, Vibrant Communities,4 has half a dozen chapters on community health, including one on Medicaid and another entitled, "Investing in Health from the Ground Up: Building a Market for Healthy Neighborhoods." I heartily agree with the Editorial Board recommendation that "the study of partnerships involved in research and improving public health should be expanded beyond the current focus on CBPR."1 These examples illustrate the diversity of what we should be studying among community development, public health, and clinical partnerships. HOW TO BETTER ADDRESS ETHICS IN COLLABORATIONS WITH COMMUNITIES The "Bible" of research ethics, the National Commission on the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research's 1978 Belmont Report, has been criticized for "overemphasizing individual rights" and neglecting communities. For example, Levine et al.5 observed: In each of its...

In the face of existing obstacles in the interdisciplinary research on sustainable consumption behaviors, we argue for the need of an integrative framework from an interdisciplinary perspective. Such a framework is presented in the form of a three‐dimensional cube model of sustainable consumption behavior (SCB‐cube) extended by a fourth impact dimension. The model has two purposes for application: First, to systematize existing research on different behaviors on a common taxonomy and second, to facilitate the selection of relevant sustainable consumption behaviors in social sustainability research based on impact. We critically appraise existing intent‐ and impact‐based research approaches on the four key dimensions of the SCB‐cube, focusing on the ecological and socio‐economic impacts of consumption behaviors. Recommendations for the selection of relevant behaviors for empirical behavioral research are given, using the SCB‐cube as a guiding heuristic. The main audience for this model is social science researchers measuring sustainable consumer behaviors on the individual level. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

An extended interpersonal influence model of organizational buyer behavior

Dengue virus is the main arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and affects mainly school-aged children and teens. Many methods have been developed for dengue control, including health education strategies for elementary and high school students. The objective of this study is to provide an update on the status of health education on dengue in schools and provide new perspectives on health behavior research in order to reduce the proliferation of mosquitoes and spread of arboviral diseases among school-aged children and other community members. A systematic review about health educational initiatives was carried out. This research discusses the effectiveness of these strategies in educating students about dengue disease and mosquito control and how the school is relevant for community-based participation in research on dengue education. The study found that employing ludic strategies and directly involving children in mosquito control in their households have been the most attractive and effective strategies for dengue education in children and teens. However, the sustainability of protective behaviors has been poorly evaluated, and new approaches for health behavior research are needed. Inasmuch as, schools are important places for gathering community members, and students can serve as an essential link between educative interventions and the community.

This exploratory eye-tracking study investigates how the emotional content of food bank advertisements influences food donor perception and visual attention. It does so by addressing a gap in the literature on eye-tracking applications in food donation contexts and social neuroscience. Visual attention represents a fundamental behavioural precursor to decision-making, yet its role in charitable communications remains underexplored. The objective of this research was to investigate how the content of food bank advertisements is associated with the way that potential food donors perceive food bank posters on a cognitive level. This study adopted a social neuroscience approach, using the methodology of eye-tracking to examine the visual attention patterns that form while viewing food bank posters. Participants (N = 96) viewed four posters varying in their emotional appeal, i.e., positive, neutral, negative and cognitive dissonance, while their eye movements were being recorded. Results revealed the robust attentional prioritisation of generic pictorial content over specific organisational logos or abstract symbols across all metrics and posters with large effect sizes (r = 0.69-0.87). It was found that pictures captured participants' attention three to seven times faster than logos and also received two to seven times more fixations. The poster carrying a negative appeal elicited the strongest pictorial advantage, consistent with the negativity bias in attention allocation. Exploratory analysis found no significant correlation between participants' past charitable behaviour and visual attention patterns, thus suggesting that the Picture Superiority Effect operates universally, regardless of individual past charitable behaviours. This is the first eye-tracking study examining donor-facing food bank communications in Poland, contributing to social neuroscience approaches in prosocial behaviour research. Findings suggest charitable organisations should prioritise emotionally engaging pictures' inclusion over logo prominence in their visual communications messaging.

In this paper, we present a unified statistical framework for modeling both saccadic eye movements and visual saliency. By analyzing the statistical properties of human eye fixations on natural images, we found that human attention is sparsely distributed and usually deployed to locations with abundant structural information. This new observations inspired us to model saccadic behavior and visual saliency based on Super Gaussian Component (SGC) analysis. The model sequentially obtains SGC using projection pursuit, and generates eye-movements by selecting the location with maximum SGC response. Beside human saccadic behavior simulation, we also demonstrated our superior effectiveness and robustness over state-of-the-arts by carrying out dense experiments on psychological patterns and human eye fixation benchmarks. These results also show promising potentials of statistical approaches for human behavior research.

To analyse the state of behavioural oncology research in Africa and outline key considerations for future research. Five bibliographic databases were searched to identify original English-language articles published between January 2000 and August 2020. The Behavioural Epidemiology Framework was applied to studies with data/findings from Africa to delineate their current state. Research gaps/opportunities available for behavioural oncology research in Africa were further highlighted. Two hundred eighty-seven original research with findings from Africa has been published over the last two decades, with the highest contribution arising from Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia and South Africa. Cervical and breast cancers were the most widely investigated. Prominently studied behaviours relate to cancer screening, health literacy, lifestyle, and vaccination. Behavioural oncology literature in Africa is generally in Phases I and III and lacks in measurement studies (<2%) and studies that seek to evaluate behaviour change/health promotion interventions (<6%) or translate them into practice (13.2%). Embracing new and progressive approaches, including methodological/analytical paradigms and implementation science is imperative to advance the frontiers of behavioural oncology research in Africa. This calls for a responsive research approach that can mobilise multidisciplinary/multilevel coalitions, ensuring a research structure that effectively integrates behavioural research and cancer prevention/control in the region.

Disparities in the incidence, prevalence, severity, care, and outcomes for rheumatic diseases exist among racial and ethnic groups compared with White Americans. This paper describes a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach engaging researchers, community leaders, and patients in purposeful dialogues related to the implementation of health behavior research in an urban rheumatic disease clinic. Seven focused discussions were led in either English or Spanish. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Six community leaders and nine patients participated in the seven scheduled focused discussions. Transcripts uncovered five major themes that assisted with study design: trust, patient-provider relationship, study implementation suggestions, decreased functional capacity, and access to healthcare. Engaging community partners and patients in informal and formal discussions from early phases of research design through implementation, followed by systematic application of these insights, may serve to accelerate the potential for translation from findings into improved clinical practice and optimal outcomes.

This paper examines the life cycle-based direct environmental impact of information and communication technology (ICT) in German smart grids. Specifically, it explores the global warming potential associated with smart metering infrastructure and the use case of decentralized flexibility markets. Results show an annual footprint of 513,679 t CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -eq. for the intelligent metering infrastructure expected in low-voltage levels by 2030. Digitalization measures required for a household to provide flexibility from decentralized assets cause approx. 27 to 43 kg CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -eq. per household and year. Given the marginal data volume associated with the use case, the operation and production phases of hardware cause the greatest impact. Accordingly, considerable reduction potentials lie in decarbonizing the electricity mix and ensuring high energy efficiency and longevity of components. As more data-intensive use cases emerge, the method provided in this paper enables further environmental assessments of direct effects and the derivation of recommendations for a sustainable technical design. First qualitative estimations of indirect environmental effects indicate the need for subsequent research in the context of smart grids, including behavioral research and energy system modeling approaches.

Alcoholism—behavioral research and therapeutic approach: Edited by Ruth Fox, Springer, New York, 1967, 340 pp., $7.50

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM), including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+), communities, continue to face profound health disparities in the United States and globally. Although the terms SGM and LGBTQ+ are used as umbrella terms, the populations they describe are highly diverse. Currently, SGM persons are increasingly open and visible in the United States and many other parts of the world, and a modest body of knowledge on the health and well-being of some SGM subgroups currently exists. However, significant gaps exist in the emerging knowledge base, and there remains a profound need to promote health equity and reduce disparities. I am committed to advancing health behavior research to promote health equity and reduce disparities using community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches. In this paper, based on the address I gave at the Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB) on April 14, 2024, I describe what inspires me, a few things I have learned so far, and my future directions as I continue to partner with SGM communities to address health equity and reduce health disparities.

Modeling vehicle–pedestrian interactions outside of crosswalks

Behavioral Implications of Management Accounting Practices: A Contemporary Issue in Management Accounting