Deciphering the Spatial Code: Identification and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern—A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China

The unprecedented regional urbanization has brought great pressure on the ecological environment. Building an ecological security pattern and guide regional land and space development is an important technique to ensure regional ecological security and stability to achieve sustainable development. In this study, the Pingtan Island of China and the Durban city of South Africa were chosen as case study area for a comparative study of different scales. The importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity were evaluated, respectively. The core area of landscape which is vital for ecological function maintenance was extracted by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity analysis. Furthermore, the ecological sources were determined by combining the results of ecological protection redline delimitation and core area landscape extraction. The potential ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the ecological security pattern of study areas was constructed. The results showed that the ecological protection redline areas of Pingtan and Durban were 42.78 km2 and 389.07 km2, respectively, which were mainly distributed in mountainous areas with good habitat quality. Pingtan ecological security pattern is composed of 15 ecological sources, 16 ecological corridors, 10 stepping stone patches and 15 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 112.23 km, which is radially distributed in the form of “one ring, three belts”. The ecological security pattern of Durban is composed of 15 ecological sources, 17 ecological corridors, 11 stepping stone patches and 18 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 274.25 km, which is radially distributed in the form of “two rings and three belts”. The research results can provide an important reference for the land space construction planning and ecological restoration projects in Pingtan and Durban.

Suitable habitat evaluation and ecological security pattern optimization for the ecological restoration of Giant Panda habitat based on nonstationary factors and MCR model

Coordinating ecosystem service supply and demand equilibrium and utilizing machine learning to dynamically construct an ecological security pattern (ESP) can help better understand the impact of urban development on ecological processes, which can be used as a theoretical reference in coupling economic growth and environmental protection. Here, the ESP of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration was constructed, which made use of the Bayesian network model to dynamically identify the ecological sources. The ecological corridor and ecological strategy points were identified using the minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory. The ESP was constructed by combining seven ecological sources, “two horizontal and three vertical” ecological corridors, and 37 ecological strategy points. Our results found spatial decoupling between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES) and the degradation in areas with high demand for ES. The ecological sources and ecological corridors of the urban agglomeration were mainly situated in forestlands and water areas. The terrestrial ecological corridor was distributed along the outer periphery of the urban agglomeration, while the aquatic ecological corridor ran from north to south throughout the entire region. The ecological strategic points were mainly concentrated along the boundaries of the built-up area and the intersection between construction land and ecological land. Finally, the ecological sources were found primarily on existing ecological protection zones, which supports the usefulness of machine learning in predicting ecological sources and may provide new insights in developing urban ESP.

Spatial differentiation of ecological security and differentiated management of ecological conservation in the Pearl River Delta, China

城市生态环境问题已上升到生态安全的层面。以人类生存安全和理想人居环境为目标,基于空间数据和统计资料,利用景观安全格局原理和地理信息系统空间分析方法,构建了包含基本保障格局-缓冲格局-最优格局3个级别的水安全格局、地质灾害安全格局、大气安全格局、生物保护安全格局和农田安全格局,叠加得到高明区综合生态安全格局,在此基础上提出了高明区建设用地扩展最优方案和生态功能分区。结果显示,并非生态安全格局水平越高,城乡发展模式越优,缓冲生态安全格局下的高明区建设用地扩展模式,最可能实现生态安全保护与城镇扩展的和谐发展。综合生态安全格局明确了区域的生态环境敏感区和生态服务功能重要区,为区域生态功能分区提供了新的思路。;High intensity of human activities and inappropriate land-use modes bring an enormous pressure on the susceptible urban ecosystem. Recently, urban ecological and environmental problems have risen to the urban ecological security level in China, especially in economic-developed regions, such as the Changjiang Delta regions and Pearl River Delta regions. So, construction of a good regional ecological security pattern has become an effective means to protect the urban and rural ecological security, to create an optimum urban development mode for such regions and to control the rapid and disordered urban expansion. Aiming to protect the subsistence security of human beings and create an ideal human settlement, we firstly indentified the key points (sources) and ecological processes (landscape-resistance surfaces) for the regional ecological security pattern using the landscape security pattern theory and GIS spatial analysis method on the basis of the terrain, land-use and statistical data. Then, we built five ecological security patterns (the water, geological disasters, air, the biology and the farmland safety pattern), which contain three-level security patterns such as the Basic protection ecological security, the Buffer ecological security and the Optimum ecological security pattern for each element. Next, we overlaid the five ecological security patterns and developed a comprehensive three-level ecological security patterns for Gaoming district of Foshan City. Furthermore, we simulated four urban expansion patterns separately under the Inertial urban development pattern and the three-level ecological security patterns. Results showed that the urban regions always spread along the road and the original urban regions randomly. Open spaces, such as the farmlands and woodlands, were always firstly occupied due to the disordered urban expansion under the inertial development pattern. So the ecosystem security under the Inertial urban development pattern can not be basely protected. While under the Basic, the Buffer and the Optimum ecological security patterns, the integrity and connectivity of the whole ecological system can be progressively improved and the connectivity among towns will be progressively reduced. Integrating from different simulation results, the urban development pattern of Gaoming under Buffer ecological security pattern was the best one to protect the ecological safety and meet the needs of urban expansion simultaneously. It indicated that higher level of ecological security pattern did not mean a more optimum urban and rural development model. On the basis of the Buffer ecological security pattern simulation, we then divided the region of Gaoming into three ecological zones (the ecological zone with low mountains and hills, the eastern plains ecological zone along the Xijiang River, and the tableland-valley agriculture and forestry ecological zone). We further subdivided the three ecological zones into 12 sub-ecological zones and 12 ecological function zones using the hierarchical classification method. Then, the three-level ecological function zone patterns (ecological zones, ecological sub-zones and ecological function zones) of Gaoming were finally developed. It can be clearly seen that the comprehensive ecological security pattern of Gaoming clarified the most sensitive area of the ecology and environment and the most important regions of the ecological functions. Hence, the comprehensive ecological security pattern provided a new method for regional ecological function zoning.

Integrating ecosystem service trade-offs and rocky desertification into ecological security pattern construction in the Daning river basin of southwest China

Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for the rational allocation of land resources and optimizing the production–living–ecological space pattern. Previous studies used suitability assessment and landscape pattern indices to identify land use conflicts. However, research on land use conflict identification from the perspective of ecological security is insufficient and not conducive to regional ecological, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Based on ecological security, this study takes Shandong Province as an example and comprehensively evaluates the importance of ecosystem service function and environmental sensitivity. It identifies the ecological source, and extracts ecological corridors with a minimum cumulative resistance model from which ecological security patterns are constructed. It identifies land use conflicts through spatial overlay analysis of arable land and construction land. The results show that: (1) Shandong Province has formed an ecological security pattern of “two ecological barriers, two belts, and eight cores” with an area of 15,987 km2. (2) The level of arable land–ecological space conflict is low, at 39.76%. The proportions of serious and moderate conflicts are 13.44% and 26.97%, respectively, distributed primarily on the Jiaodong Peninsula and the low hill areas of Ludong. (3) Construction land–ecological space conflict is reasonably stable and controllable, at 76.39%, occurring mainly around urban construction land, with serious and moderate conflict concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly between rural settlements and ecologically safe space in the region. This study has important theoretical and practical reference values for identifying land use conflicts, protecting regional ecological security, and optimizing land use patterns.

The construction of regional ecological security pattern can effectively protect regional ecological security and achieve regional sustainable development, which has become one of the key topics in landscape ecology. The construction of regional ecological security pattern is particularly important for the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is characterized by relatively fragile ecological environment and single land cover type. Considering regional natural environment characteristics, five typical ecosystem services, such as food supply, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, water yield and habitat conservation, were selected to assess the importance of natural habitats with Hangjin Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study area. Based on comprehensive consideration of single ecosystem service quality and landscape multi-functionality, ecological sources were identified. The basic ecological resistance surface based on the land cover was revised by the surface humid index. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridors, to construct the ecological security pattern of Hangjin Banner. The results showed that the ecological source of Hangjin Banner was 6781.70 km2, accounting for 35.9% of the whole area, which mainly located in the northern Hetao Plain and southern Ordos steppe zone. The total ecological corridor length of Hangjin Banner was 498.51 km, which was divided into two groups from north to south by Kubuqi Desert. Based on the arid and ecologically fragile characteristics in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, this study constructed regional ecological security pattern to provide decision-making guidelines for local economic development and ecological conservation.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 外来树种桉树引种的景观生态安全格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201210011366 作者: 作者单位: 云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院,云南国土资源职业学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(40961031);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2009CD022);云南大学"中青年骨干教师培养计划"项目(XT412003)资助 Landscape ecological security pattern associated with the introduction of exotic tree species Eucalyptus Author: Affiliation: College of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University,Yunnan College of Land and Resources Vocational Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以大面积桉树引种区云南省澜沧县为研究区,以自然栖息地和生物多样性的整体保护为目标,利用最小累积阻力模型开展了桉树引种的景观生态安全格局的定量研究。结果表明:(1)基于GIS技术和"成本距离加权"制图分析工具,将生物和景观等综合因素融入最小累积阻力模型,把"源"扩展的生态过程与景观格局结合起来,应用于桉树引种的景观生态安全格局构建中是可行的。(2)选择次生常绿阔林为保护"源",地表覆盖类型、海拔、坡度、土壤质地和公路等为阻力因子,建立最小累计阻力面,识别了廊道、辐射道和战略点等生态安全格局组分;用最小累积阻力阈值划分了生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和居民生活区等生态功能区,并界定桉树禁止种植区和桉树可种植区,最终组合成两个方案的中级和高级景观生态安全格局。方案一,中级和高级安全水平的桉树可种植区面积分别占研究区面积的33.48%和19.27%。方案二,中级和高级安全水平的桉树可种植区面积分别占研究区面积的28.37%和15.17%。(3)从"源"的扩展效果、保护广度、管理成本、难易程度及生态环境和经济社会发展要求等方面评价,认为方案二的中级安全水平格局能够相对满足澜沧县对生态、经济发展的要求。研究结果为制定研究区生态安全策略提供参考。 Abstract:With rapid introduction of exotic trees, natural habitat loss and landscape fragmentation were aggravated in mountainous areas. Construction of landscape eco-security pattern can provide feasible option to prevent landscape fragmentation and to protect natural habitats and biodiversity. Since 2003, a large amount of exotic tree species, Eucalyptus has been introduced into Lancang county of Yunnan province. The Eucalyptus replaced the native forest, farmland, wasteland and other ecosystems, leading to serious natural habitat loss, landscape fragmentation and biodiversity threatening. In this paper, the large areas in Lancang County of Yunnan Province, where Eucalyptus have been extensively introduced were selected as the case study sites to examine the landscape eco-security pattern for Eucalyptus introduction by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The results indicated: (1) it's feasible, based on the GIS and "cost distance weighing" mapping analysis tool, to construct the landscape eco-security pattern of Eucalyptus introduction by integrating the biological factors and landscape factors into minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and combining the "source" extended ecological process with Landscape pattern. This can be a reference approach to constructing the landscape eco-security pattern for the exotic tree introduction in other areas. (2) the components of ecological security pattern such as corridor, radiating routes and strategic point etc. indentified by the minimum cumulative resistances surface which were derived from the GIS-based and MCR model using land cover types, altitude, slope, soil texture and road etc. as resistance factors can preserve ecosystem functions in Eucalyptus-introduced and affect positively the species migration and diffusion in " protection source", which was secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in natural habitat in this study. By using the minimum cumulative resistance threshold values, we divided the eco-buffer zone, eco-transition zone, eco-fringe zone, farming zone and residential zone for the landscape eco-security construction. We also defined the banned zone and planting zone for Eucalyptus plantation. The medium-security and high-security landscape eco-security patterns were developed on the basis of minimum cost but maximum ecological and economic benefit for the introduction areas in Eucalyptus plantation. To achieve this goal, there will be two schemes. In the first scheme, medium-security and high-security areas for Eucalyptus plantation account for 33.48% and 19.27% of total study areas. In the second scheme, medium-security and high-security areas for Eucalyptus plantation account for 28.37% and 15.17% of total study areas. (3) the second scheme of medium-security pattern could fit ecological and economic conditions of Lancang County better when compared these two schemes from the expansion effect of "source", protection range, management cost, difficulty level, eco-environment capacity as well as economic and social development. In the second scheme, the large and small patches of protection 'sources' were spaced in-between, and large patches can work well for protecting the species and ecosystems better, small patches could be settled foothold to protect distributed rare species or ecological niches. As the "source" patches were small and concentrated, the fragmentation was relatively low, so the protection and management of the "source" will be less difficult and costly. There were 22 corridors and combined circular, so the connectivity among "sources" was good. There were 6 radiating routes, meaning less opportunity for "sources" expansion. There were many strategic points of native tree species for improving the integrity of the "sources". All these results may provide some useful references for developing eco-security strategies in the study areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ecological security assessment and pattern construction in arid and semi-arid areas: A case study of the Hexi Region, NW China

Urbanization is the development trend of all countries in the world, but it has caused considerable ecological problems that need to be alleviated by building ecological security patterns. This study took Ningbo as an example to construct and optimize an ecological security pattern. We analyzed land use types, normalized difference vegetation index, and landscape connectivity for ecological sources selection. In constructing the resistance surface, we considered natural and socio-economic factors. On this basis, we identified ecological corridors based on a minimum cumulative resistance model. Finally, the ecological security pattern was optimized through space syntax. Results showed that Ningbo has 18 ecological sources, with an area of 3051.27 km2 and 29 ecological corridors, with a length of 1172.18 km. Among them, 11 are first-level, 10 are second-level, and 8 are third-level corridors. After optimization, the area and protection cost of the ecological security pattern were significantly reduced, which can effectively alleviate the trade-off between ecological protection and economic development. This research can provide a reference for the construction and optimization of ecological security patterns and has reference significance for ecological protection in rapidly urbanized areas.

Rapid urbanization has greatly altered urban ecological spaces and habitat quality functions, threatening regional biodiversity and the sustainability of landscapes. Therefore, constructing a comprehensive ecological network and ecological safety patterns is crucial for ecosystem management and regional development. However, simple quantification of ecological networks fails to meet the construction needs of ecological safety patterns, and most studies focus solely on network quantification analysis, thus overlooking the importance of spatial analysis. This study proposes a method of ecological network quantification assessment combined with hotspot analysis and coupled with standard deviational ellipse spatial analysis, which not only satisfies quantitative analysis but also adds spatial analysis methods, facilitating a more comprehensive construction of safety patterns. Firstly, through morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity indices, ecological source areas in the main urban area of Kunming were identified, integrating various resistance factors and corrective factors to construct an ecological resistance surface. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to identify potential ecological corridors, and their importance was evaluated using the gravity model, thus establishing an ecological network. Secondly, based on network structure indices, the ecological network was assessed and optimized. On this basis, combined with hotspot analysis coupled with standard deviational ellipse spatial analysis, an ecological safety pattern was constructed. The results show the following: the core area of the study region is 2402.28 km2, accounting for 52.07% of the total area; there are 13 ecological source areas, totaling 2102.89 km2, accounting for 45.58% of the total area; there are 178 potential ecological corridors, including 15 level-one ecological corridors and 19 level-two ecological corridors; and 103 ecological nodes, 70 “stepping stones”, and 48 ecological breakpoints were identified. In terms of ecological network optimization, six new ecological source areas were added, covering an area of 16.22 km2, and the potential ecological corridors increased to 324, including 11 new level two ecological corridors, 51 new ecological nodes, 15 “stepping stones”, and 24 major ecological breakpoints. After optimization, the network closure index (α), network connectivity index (β), and network connectivity rate index (γ) improved by 15.16%, 24.56%, and 17.79%, respectively. Based on the network structure quantitative analysis and hotspot analysis coupled with the standard deviational ellipse’s spatial analysis, a “one axis, two belts, five zones” ecological safety pattern was constructed.

Ecological security is an overall reflection of the ecological integrity and health level of natural semi-natural ecosystems. The study obtained quantitative results of ecological land-use variety by using spatial transfer matrix, based on status maps of Anqing City in 2005 and 2017. We combined the superposition analysis of ecological sensitivity with ecological disturbance evaluation to judge the strategic nodes and corridors of core protection type, including maintenance promotion type and potential supplementary type in the study area. In addition, we introduced the model of minimum cumulative resistance to construct the ecological security pattern, superimposing with the results of ecological land use. According to the trend of change over the past decade, the study has the great significance to the ecological security pattern so that we can effectively guide to take management strategy for security landscape.

Constructing a multi-leveled ecological security pattern for improving ecosystem connectivity in the Asian water Tower region

In the new era, ecological restoration of territorial space is the important task of maintaining regional ecological security, improving regional ecological quality and providing high-quality ecological products. From the perspective of ecological security, accurately determination of key areas to be restored in the territorial space is the primary work, and it is also a key and difficult problem to scientifically carry out ecological restoration. Based on the mainstream ecological security pattern theory, taking Shanghai as the research area, we integrated morphological spatial pattern analysis method and InVEST model to identify ecological sources, extracted ecological corridors, ecological "pinch points" and obstacle points with circuit theory, comprehensively determined the key areas to be restored, and proposed targeted restoration strategies. The results showed that the ecological sources of Shanghai were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River estuary, Chongming Island, Hangzhou Bay coast, and Dianshan Lake, accounting for about 17.9% of the study area. There were 103 key ecological corridors. The key areas to be repaired included 12 ecological "pinch points" and 54 ecological obstacle points, which were mainly distributed at the border of ecological source and ecological corridor, as well asthe intersection or turning point of ecological corridor and ecological corridor. According to the typical problems of key areas to be restored and land use conditions, three types of restoration strategy zones were proposed: ecological landscape reshaping, important corridor penetration, and ecological shoreline protection and restoration. The results could provide reference for compiling a territorial space ecological restoration plan in Shanghai and building a medium-scale ecological security pattern and carrying out systemic ecological restoration work in other regions of China.