Decision-making approach based on bipolar complex fuzzy Hamacher power aggregation operators for classifying computer forensics

The field of digital forensics is crucial in the examination of cybercrimes, data breaches, and other illicit activities in a world that is becoming more interconnected. The advent of blockchain technology has introduced a novel aspect to the field of digital forensics. This study provides an extensive examination of the convergence of blockchain and digital forensics, investigating the many impacts and obstacles that blockchain technology poses to conventional methods of digital forensic investigations. This chapter starts by clarifying the essential principles of blockchain technology, highlighting its decentralized and unchangeable nature, cryptographic foundations, and its use in cryptocurrency transactions. Afterwards, it explores the possible advantages of blockchain technology for digital forensics, including the provision of transparent and unalterable records of digital activity and transactions. Moreover, this chapter also examines the distinctive obstacles presented by blockchain in the context of digital forensic investigations.

Formalising investigative decision making in digital forensics: Proposing the Digital Evidence Reporting and Decision Support (DERDS) framework

Forensic analysis for AI speaker with display Echo Show [formula omitted] generation as a case study

Digital forensics has been utilized in computer crime investigation for last thirty years. It has evolved and progressed around the technical revolutions, and is now facing yet another new era due to the emergence of cloud computing. Cloud computing is a new computing model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services). The innovative nature of cloud computing has created unique challenges in the field of digital forensics. In this research paper, we present detail study to investigate the forensic issues in cloud computing and provide possible solutions, guidelines, including existing case studies. The basics of traditional digital forensics and cloud computing are also discussed.

Digital Forensics has become an indispensable tool in contemporary cybercrime investigations, which ensures systematic identification, collection, preservation, and presentation of electronic evidence in a legally admissible manner. As cybercrimes continue to escalate, investigative authorities are required to operate across multiple digital domains, including personal devices, mobile platforms, cloud infrastructures, and transnational communication networks, with strict adherence to the law. Digital forensics is important not only because it can recover the deleted or concealed data, but also because it ensures that the evidence remains authentic and untouched throughout the investigation. Due to its dual emphasis on both technology and law, it effectively bridges the gap between technical accuracy and legal accountability. Despite being so advanced in the contemporary world, the field of digital forensics still faces persistent challenges. The extensive reliance on data encryption, rapid technological innovations, and the issue of complex jurisdiction in cross-border investigations complicate and hamper the effective use of digital forensics. Moreover, the escalation of data generated in the digital age raises concerns about privacy, transparency, and the timely administration of justice. Addressing these concerns requires some advanced and well-developed standardized forensic frameworks, legal protocols, and greater international cooperation to harmonize investigative procedures. This paper shall dwell upon the continuous evolution of the role of digital forensics in cybercrimes in the contemporary world. It shall particular ly focus on the foundations, challenges, evidentiary value, and implications for law enforcement and global cybersecurity. It shall also emphasize the strengthening of digital forensics so that harmonious international relations and global cybersecurity can be achieved.

Exploring Careers in Cybersecurity and Digital Forensicsis a one-stop shop for students and advisors, providing information about education, certifications, and tools to guide them in making career decisions within the field. Cybersecurity is a fairly new academic discipline and with the continued rise in cyberattacks, the need for technological and non-technological skills in responding to criminal digital behavior, as well as the requirement to respond, investigate, gather and preserve evidence is growing. Exploring Careers in Cybersecurity and Digital Forensics is designed to help students and professionals navigate the unique opportunity that a career in digital forensics and cybersecurity provides. From undergraduate degrees, job hunting and networking, to certifications and mid-career transitions, this book is a useful tool to students, advisors, and professionals alike. Lucy Tsado and Robert Osgood help students and school administrators understand the opportunity that exists in the cybersecurity and digital forensics field, provide guidance for students and professionals out there looking for alternatives through degrees, and offer solutions to close the cybersecurity skills gap through student recruiting and retention in the field.

During the development of a new specialist graduate professional study program at Zagreb University of Applied Science “Information Security and Digital Forensics”, a number of challenges was addressed. The key challenges were: a) Defining the curriculum and b) Defining and building computer infrastructure for conducting laboratory exercises. We will address second: defining the necessary equipment for conducting laboratory exercises. New possibilities are given by new technologies, and it would be possible to expand the working environment which, apart from laboratory exercises, will enable independent student work. We will describe and define setting of the environment that can also be used for independent research in the field of information security and digital forensics for expert and scientific community. We will use TVZ private cloud as a place to build digital forensic laboratory, maintained by digital forensic management process tool, where different virtual machines with different digital forensic software will be accessible for students and independent researches.

This research aims to explore the influence of digital forensics education and training on the quality of handling cyber crime cases. With the increasing complexity of cybercrime, it is important for law enforcement to have adequate skills in digital forensics. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach in several law enforcement agencies. The research results show that effective education and training can improve investigators' abilities in identifying, collecting and analyzing digital evidence, thereby improving the quality of handling cyber crime cases. In addition, collaboration between investigators and digital forensic experts has been proven to increase the effectiveness of investigations. However, challenges such as limited resources and legal understanding remain obstacles that need to be overcome. Therefore, recommendations to improve education and training programs in the field of digital forensics are very necessary to face the growing threat of cybercrime.

Digital forensics field faces new challenges with emerging technologies. Virtualization is one of the significant challenges in the field of digital forensics. Virtual Machines (VM) have many advantages either it be an optimum utilization of hardware resources or cost saving for organizations. Traditional forensics’ tools are not competent enough to analyze the virtual machines as they only support for physical machines, to overcome this challenge Virtual Machine Introspection technologies were developed to perform forensic investigation of virtual machines. Until now, we were dealing with persistent virtual machines; these are created once and used many times. We have extreme version of virtual machine and that is disposable virtual machine. However, the disposable virtual machine once created and are used one time, it vanish from the system without leaving behind any significant traces or artifacts for digital investigator. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various disposable virtualiza-tion technologies available and challenges posed by them on the digital forensics investigation process and provided some future directions to overcome these challenges.

Computer virtualization is not a new technology, it has become increasingly important because of the many advantages it offers to businesses and individuals to reduce costs, while introducing new challenges to the field of digital forensics. As virtualization continues to be adopted by more and more companies every year, malware and hacker attacks are going to have an increasing effect on virtualized systems. Therefore, the increasing growth of virtualization has created the need for a new generation of computer forensic tools and techniques to analyze these compromised systems. Because of the rapid growth of virtualization, new techniques to interact with virtual systems have been developed. Some of these techniques reduce the limitations of traditional forensics tools abilities to analyze the virtual system. Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) is one of these techniques that have formed the basis for a number of novel approaches in the fields of cyber security and digital forensics. This paper explores how VMI improves traditional digital forensics to overcome its downfalls when used to investigate virtual machines, especially during a live analysis of the machine.

In the case of digital forensic investigations, the potential digital evidence captured, the analysis, interpretation, and attribution must ultimately be presented in the form of expert reports, depositions, and testimony in any legal proceedings. If the presentation and interpretation of the potential digital evidence is conducted correctly, it is much easier and useful in apprehending the attacker and stands a much greater chance of being admissible in the event of a prosecution. Wrongly presented and interpreted potential digital evidence data might create loopholes for perpetrators to exploit, thus, making it hard to convict and prosecute them. Existing digital forensic investigation process models have provided guidelines for identifying and preserving potential digital evidence captured from a crime scene. However, the extent to which such potential digital evidence may be admissible in a court of law remains a challenge to investigators. This is backed up by the fact that there are currently no standardised guidelines for even presenting the most common representations of digital forensic evidence. Therefore, in the authors' opinion, methodologies and specifications need to be developed in the field of digital forensics with the ability to effectively enhance the potential digital evidence presentation and interpretation in any legal proceedings. In this paper, therefore, we present a step-by-step framework in an attempt to propose high-level guidelines for enhancing the potential digital evidence presentation in any legal proceedings. Such a framework will be helpful to digital forensic experts, for example, in structuring investigation findings as well as in identifying relevant patterns of events to be incorporated during the presentation of potential digital evidence. The framework will also assist law enforcement agencies, for example, to determine, with less effort, the validity, weight and admissibility of any potential digital evidence presented. However, it should be noted that the purpose of this paper is not to replace any of the extensive and known evidence presentation principles, but serves as a survey of the state of the art of the research area while proposing harmonised and high-level guidelines for enhancing the presentation of potential digital evidence in legal proceedings.

The evolution of the Information Age has necessitated and facilitated the relatively new field of digital forensics. As a largely practitioner-driven field, there is no clearly defined research agenda to promote top-down research in related areas so that the evolution can be more solidly based on research findings. This paper builds on previously published topical research agendas for digital forensics and introduces a preliminary research hierarchy for legal issues associated with digital forensics. Topics discussed include constitutional law, property law, contract law, tort law, cybercrime, criminal procedure, evidence law, and cyber war. In addition some special associated problems and overarching areas are identified for consideration and for future research.

The interval‐valued q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (IVq‐ROFS) and complex fuzzy set (CFS) are two generalizations of the fuzzy set (FS) to cope with uncertain information in real decision making problems. The aim of the present work is to develop the concept of complex interval‐valued q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (CIVq‐ROFS) as a generalization of interval‐valued complex fuzzy set (IVCFS) and q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (q‐ROFS), which can better express the time‐periodic problems and two‐dimensional information in a single set. In this article not only basic properties of CIVq‐ROFSs are discussed but also averaging aggregation operator (AAO) and geometric aggregation operator (GAO) with some desirable properties and operations on CIVq‐ROFSs are discussed. The proposed operations are the extension of the operations of IVq‐ROFS, q‐ROFS, interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy, Pythagorean fuzzy (PF), interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, complex q‐ROFS, complex PF, and complex intuitionistic fuzzy theories. Further, the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are also examine based on CIVq‐ROFS to explore the reliability and proficiency of the work. Moreover, we discussed the advantages of CIVq‐ROFS and showed that the concepts of IVCFS and q‐ROFS are the special cases of CIVq‐ROFS. Moreover, the flexibility of proposed averaging aggregation operator and geometric aggregation operator in a multi‐attribute decision making (MADM) problem are also discussed. Finally, a comparative study of CIVq‐ROFSs with pre‐existing work is discussed in detail.

Classification of renewable energy and its sources with decision-making approach based on bipolar complex fuzzy frank power aggregation operators

This study, entitled "A Legal Review of the Position of CCTV Recordings as Evidence in the Investigation and Proving of Criminal Cases (A Case Study at the Rembang Police Department and the Rembang District Court), aims to determine the position of CCTV recordings as evidence in the investigation and proving of criminal cases at the Rembang Police Department and the Rembang District Court. It also aims to identify the obstacles and solutions faced by the police and judges in the investigation and proving of criminal cases through CCTV recordings. The research method uses a sociological legal approach. Data sources were obtained through several stages, namely field research (interviews) and library research. Data analysis was carried out systematically, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the position of CCTV recordings as evidence in the investigation and proving of criminal cases at the Rembang Police Department and the Rembang District Court is that CCTV recordings are intended to expedite and simplify the process in court proceedings, and are permissible as long as the process is conducted in a manner permitted by regulations and other legal norms. The solution to address this problem is to provide training for members in digital forensics and to seek assistance from the central government, namely the regional police, to bring in experts in the field of digital forensics.