DEFAULT IN UNSECURED DEBT AND RECEIVABLES AGREEMENT

These technological advances have resulted in tremendous efficiency for the economy. Financial institutions have changed approaches and practices. His financial business. However, rapid technological progress has resulted in negative consequences, such as an increase in more sophisticated cyber crimes. This research aims to examine technology-based crimes involving data theft using online lending and digital banking modes. This research uses a normative juridical type with data collection using literature studies, as well as correlative analysis. The results of this research show that criminals collaborate with financial service institutions. Using sophisticated information technology and computers to steal client online loan application data. Financial service institutions usually only commit document falsification, embezzlement and corruption as victims. Efforts to prevent these crimes include the ITE Law which regulates formal cyber crimes.

Bank is a financial institution that plays an important role in a country's economy. Credit is a loan that is submitted to buy something and the borrower makes payments by installments in accordance with applicable regulations. One of the things that is required by banks as creditors in providing credit is protection in the form of guarantees that must be provided by the debtor to ensure repayment of their debts for security and legal certainty. Basically the creditor holding the material guarantee has the right to execute collateral for sale by auction for debtor debt payment if the debtor fails to carry out his obligations based on a credit agreement or commonly referred to as default One of the dispute over a certificate ownership auction between the debtor or customer and the creditor or banking institution to be precise between the customer and PT Bank Panin Indonesia with decision number 209 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PN Tjk. The problem in this research is whether the factors that cause it to occur and how is the process of dispute resolution on the auction claim ownership certificate of customer ownership against PT Bank Panin Indonesia. This study uses a juridical normative and empirical juridical research approach. In this study using secondary data sources and primary data. Data collection techniques used through literature study, observation and interviews. Qualitative juridical data analysis. That the factors causing the dispute over the Auction of Customer's Ownership Certificate Ownership against PT Bank Panin Indonesia studied on Decision Number 209 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PN Tjk in which the Plaintiff was a Debtor to the Defendant As a result of the Plaintiff being unable to pay the Credit that was given by PT Bank Panin Indonesia as the Creditor, an auction was conducted with a limit value of Rp. 1,470,000,000 (one billion four hundred seventy million rupiah). As a result of this, the Plaintiff stated that the Defendant had committed illegal acts which caused the loss of the Plaintiff. The Dispute Resolution process carried out through Non-Litigation does not produce results, then it is carried out through Litigation. The Lawsuit against the Law filed by the Plaintiff against PT Bank Panin Indonesia was declared unacceptable. It is recommended that the public, in particular, be able to better understand and take into account and consider applying for credit to banking institutions because they have the risk of losing assets that are guaranteed to banking institutions. For banking institutions to be able to provide a very clear explanation when a credit agreement is made to avoid a lawsuit due to a misunderstanding between the banking institution as the creditor against the debtor at a later date.

Copyright infringement is known as the use of copyrighted works without the permission of the creators, copyright holders or authors. It is a form of dishonesty and a violation of the authors' economic and exclusive rights. In general, copyright infringement activities have taken place in various ways such as theft, piracy, reuse and plagiarism among students pursuing degree programmes in higher education institutions in Sri Lanka. In this backdrop, this study aims to examine awareness of copyright infringement among students pursuing undergraduate degree programmes at state universities in Sri Lanka. The primary and secondary data have been used in the study. The primary data were collected by Self-Administered Questionnaires (SAQ) distributed to 356 of the selected participants. Selected students are continuing their education in 2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, including general and honours degree programmes. The samples were selected based on Random Sampling Method (RSM). All received questionnaires were analysed in a descriptive way with the help of SPSS (Version-26) and the results were presented by illustrating in the form of tables. According to the results, it was found that 58.1% of participants were not aware that copyright infringement as an academic dishonesty, as well as copyright law (Intellectual Property Act No.36 of 2003) which is enforced by Sri Lankan government in order to protect intellectual properties. 77.4% of the participants proved that copyright infringement is a kind of prohibited act in their own religion (Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism). Moreover, the main factors that lead to copyright infringement of study samples were a lack of awareness of copyright law (38%), the high cost of textbooks (64.6%), and the fear of having low greats in semester examinations (77.4%). The findings of present study would be important to stimulate academics, library personnel, university officials, and policymakers to think of ways to prevent the students from engaging in copyright infringements in future. Moreover, it is a firm belief of the researchers that findings of this study could be a remarkable starting point for future researchers.

BackgroundSmall private-sector health care providers can play an important role in meeting the developing country health care needs, but a lack of credit can prove major constraint to small-provider expansion. This study examines the potential of small, microfinance loans to strengthen the private health sector and improve access to quality preventive and curative health services in Uganda.MethodsThis study estimates logistic regressions using 2,387 client exit interviews to assess the impact of microfinance loans on perceived quality and the viability and sustainability of small, private clinics.ResultsThe study finds perceived quality improved with loan recipients' clients being more likely to choose clinics on the basis of drug availability, fair charges, cleanliness, and confidentiality. In addition, the assessment found evidence of increased client flows, but the changes produced mixed results for sustainability with respondents being only half as likely to "always" visit a particular clinic.ConclusionThe results indicate that the microfinance program improved perceived quality at loan recipient clinics, especially as reliable drug outlets.

In general, when someone borrows from a bank or other financial institution, an agreement will usually be drawn up by both parties. However, most of these agreements are only made verbally without using a written agreement. This analysis aims to study the validity of credit agreements made through words or speech using property collateral in the form of motor vehicles, as well as the implementation of the principle of good faith in undocumented or unwritten credit agreements involving motor vehicle collateral. This analysis uses a normative-based legal approach and utilizes primary and secondary data sources obtained through literature studies, scientific articles, books, and provisions of legal articles related to the research topic. Information was collected using the minutes and documentation method and reviewed in depth. Observations show that the credit agreement through oral communication between Party 1 and Party 2 has fulfilled all the requirements under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. An agreement was made to borrow a certain amount of money with a motor vehicle as collateral. Party 1, in good faith, fulfilled all agreed provisions, including repayment of 30% of the loan with 8% monthly interest within three months

Recently federal policy aimed at halting decline in urban neighborhoods has included a major focus on housing rehabilitation efforts. In the case of Portland, Oregon, federally funded improvement loans for owner-occupied housing units resulted in the rehabilitation of almost four thousand homes from 1975 until 1978, over twice the number of homes rehabilitated in any other city in the nation. The purpose of the present study was to examine and analyze the city's rehabilitation loan program in two ways. First, the loan process itself was examined to ascertain whether there were any deficiencies in the loan program which should be corrected. The second, and primary, focal point was the specific neighborhoods where rehabilitation loans have been funneled. The impact of the loan programs on the neighborhoods as communicated by their residents determined how successful Portland has been in dealing with urban decline through its loan programs. Prior to gathering primary data on the neighborhoods, several secondary sources of information were used. The Portland Development Commission's in-house evaluations of the loan process demonstrated strong recipient support for the program. A survey of loan recipient files showed loans going to low income families with few assets. Although half of the loans went to married couples, a substantial number of loans went to divorced women and widows. The majority of rehabilitated homes were over fifty years old, and their median assessed value was $16,500. Secondary data was also used to look at outside perceptions of changes taking place in loan neighborhoods. Real estate trends and mortgage and home improvement loan activities suggested that the impact of the government loan programs has not yet been substantial enough to trigger changes in private policies related to the neighborhoods. Primary data for the study came from a random sample survey of four hundred persons in four Portland neighborhoods. Two neighborhoods, one in the north section of the city and one in southeast, where loans have been given, were paired with two control neighborhoods where loans were not available. The survey instrument used contained 72 variables chosen as capable of determining what the impact of the loan program has been on loan recipients, their neighbors, and their neighborhoods. Four outcomes could have stemmed from the loan programs. The first possibility was that people living in the neighborhoods where Housing and Community Development loans have been granted should feel more positive about their neighborhood than those not living

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between non-academic staff and student support services by developing a conceptual model of the mediation impact of affective commitment and job satisfaction on the relationship between high commitment HRM practices and non-academic staff performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this study, primary data has been collected from survey methods of 250 respondents from non-academic staff and students of HEIs in public and private sectors. In order to examine the mediating mechanism of variables, 8 hypotheses were constructed based on the conceptual model and literature study and tested using the SPSS 25 and Smart PLS using the bootstrapping approach. Findings: The study's findings demonstrate that high-commitment HRM practices have a statistically significant influence on non-academic staff perceptions of behavioral outcomes such as affective commitment and satisfaction. Likewise, the extracted results show a statistically positive association between non-academic performance and student support services. Implication/Originality/Value: HEIs carry out HCHRPs, they will be able to replicate the level of organizational commitment and job satisfaction of their administrative staff which lead to student support services.

Purpose: The primary goals of this study are to scrutinise the relationship between high-commitment and non-academic staff performance by developing a conceptual model of mediation impact of affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment on the relationship between high-commitment HRM practises and non-academic staff performance; and the moderate impact of human capital factors on the relationship between high-commitment HRM practises and affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: For this study, primary data has been collected from a survey method of 250 respondents who are working as non-academic staff in HEIs in Pakistan. In order to examine the moderation and mediating mechanisms of variables, 13 hypotheses were constructed based on the conceptual model and literature study and tested using SPSS 25 and Smart PLS using the bootstrapping approach.
 Finding: The study's findings demonstrate that high-commitment HRM practises have a statistically significant influence on non-academic staff perceptions of behavioural outcomes such as affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment. Likewise, the extracted results are also statistically significant that HC factors positively moderate the relationship between high-commitment HRM practises and affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment.
 Implication/Originality/Value: HEIs carry out HCHRMPs, they will be able to effectively elevate the level of organizational commitment of their non-academic staff performance.

BackgroundReal-world evidence (RWE) can inform patient management decisions, but RWE studies are associated with limitations. Linkage of different RWE data types could address such limitations by enriching data and improving scientific quality. Using the example of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Germany, this study assessed the value of data linkage between primary and secondary data sources for RWE.MethodsPost hoc analysis of data from an observational RWE study, which used prospectively collected data and data from an insurance claims database to assess treatment adherence and persistence in patients with COPD in Germany. Patient-level primary data were collected from the prospective observational study (primary dataset, N = 636), and claims data from the sickness fund AOK Nordost (claims dataset, N = 74,916). Primary and claims data were linked at a patient level using insurance numbers (linked dataset). Patients in the linked dataset were indexed at date of study inclusion for primary data and matched calendar date for claims data. Agreement between primary and claims data was examined for patients in the linked dataset based on comparisons between recorded sociodemographic data at index, comorbidities (primary: any recorded; claims: pre-index), prescriptions for COPD therapies (type and date) and exacerbations in the 12-month post-index period.ResultsThe linked dataset included primary and claims data for 536 patients. Fewer comorbid patients were reported in primary data compared with claims data (p < 0.001), with overall agreement between 63.6% (hypertension) and 90.5% (osteoporosis). Number of prescriptions for COPD therapies per patient was lower in primary versus claims data (3.7 vs 10.3 prescriptions, respectively), with only 24.5% of prescriptions recorded in both datasets. Only 11.5% of exacerbations (moderate or severe) were recorded in both datasets, with 15.5% recorded only in primary data and 73.0% recorded only in claims data.ConclusionOur study highlighted discrepancies between primary and claims data capture for this population of German patients with COPD, with lower reporting of comorbidities, COPD therapy prescriptions and exacerbations in primary versus claims data. Study findings suggest that data linkage of primary and claims data could provide enrichment and be useful in fully describing COPD endpoints.

PurposeThis study investigates economic sustainability through orientation and absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers developed a conceptual framework based on vigorous literature for this investigation. This study targeted managers from Pakistan's SME sector as respondents and employed cross-sectional data. In total, the authors based this study's findings on 192 valid cases.FindingsThe structural equation modeling (SEM) results highlight that innovation orientation (IO), customer orientation (CO), supplier orientation (SO), network orientation (NO) and absorptive capacity (AC) have significant effects on economic sustainability (ES). Moreover, this study's findings show that ES significantly predicts environmental sustainability (ENS). Finally, the results also demonstrate that ES and ENS positively and substantially affect financial performance (FP).Practical implicationsThis study's findings help SMEs continue sustainable business practices by avoiding adverse environmental effects and ongoing climate changes. This study's findings contribute also to the manufacture of eco-friendly environmental products to reduce the contamination of the environment. Financial institutions and policymakers would boost SME owners' capacity and the obtainability of financial resources to improve Pakistani SMEs’ sustainable economic and environmental performance.Originality/valueThis study's findings help to enrich environmental and economic sustainability and, more significantly, for developing countries.

Financial institutions licensed which were established under the Financial Services Act 2013 and the Moneylenders Act 1951 in Malaysia will provide financial loans at the interest rate charged permitted by-laws and guidelines from the Central Bank of Malaysia to borrowers. However, not all borrowers can afford to pay high and onerous interest rates. Therefore, the law in Malaysia allows for friendly loans, i.e. the lender will provide financial loans assistance to the borrower from of interest or with minimal interest rate. This study will focus on the extent to which the legal issues of the practice of friendly loans in Malaysia and whether the provisions of current laws and policies can protect the interests of both lenders and recipients of friendly loans. This study is qualitative in nature and involves library research. The results of this study will look at aspects of legal issues in order to protect the interests of both lenders and recipients of friendly loans. In fact, Malaysia could also consider creating a special law on friendly loans and regulated by the authorities.

Purpose: Financial institutions engage in performing imperative part in the economic development of an economy through circulation of funds that resulting in employment and fair distribution of limited resources. Financial literacy results in usage of financial product and services provided by financial institutions that lead to pervasive growth of an economy. Financial inclusion takes into loop the excluded segment of a developing country to attain the desired financial and economic outcomes. Recognizing the importance of financial inclusion, this study is executed to investigate the impact of financial literacy on financial inclusion in street vendors.&#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted in twin cities Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Snowball and purposive sampling technique has been used in this study. Primary data has been collected from street vendors through semi structure interviews and questionnaire. Participatory action research design is used in this study. Deductive approach has been used for qualitative data analysis.&#x0D; Findings: The results of this study found that street vendors only name financial institutions. They don’t have knowledge about financial products and services provided by those financial institutions. Because of inadequate knowledge, majority of the street vendors do not use financial products and services which are available to them. A very small number of street vendors are using financial products and services. The expected outcomes of this study set a direction for policy makers of financial institutions about how to increase financial inclusion by considering the observed relations in this study.&#x0D; Practical implications: The results will help policy makers in formulating effective strategies to bring into the net that excluded segment, which if included will not only improve their quality of life but also augment to the sustainability and growth of economy through financial inclusion.&#x0D; Originality/value: As suggested by the recent relevant literature, the study is an attempt to identify those antecedents of financial inclusion, which has not been explored earlier in context of Pakistan, to extend the earlier findings through qualitative research method and to establish how financial inclusion can be made a success in achieving its desired outcomes in a developing economy.

This paper examines the factors that influence outsourcing of valuation by Financial Institutions (FI) in Lagos State, this with a view to enhance valuation services delivery. Primary data used for the study were obtained from the questionnaires administered on 101 financial institutions found within the scope of well-structured financial institutions and accessed through their head offices. A total of 78 questionnaires were retrieved and found useable for this study. The data were analyzed with the aid of inferential statistics such as mean rating using 5 points Likert scale. The study showed that ‘’ Reduce Management burden’’, ‘’ Allow Management to concentrate on core business’’, and ‘’Improve Accountability’’ are the top three related factors influencing outsourcing of Valuation services while ‘’to improve quality of work’’, ’to improve speed of work’’ and ‘’ to improve productivity’’ are the three least factors influencing valuation outsourcing and are even insignificant as the least three have mean rating less than 2.5. The study concluded that Estate Valuers are not known for quality work, in other word Estate Surveyors and Valuers are engaged by FI not really to improve quality of work, improve speed of work or to improve productivity but for FI to be able to concentrate on the core business. It is therefore essential for Estate Valuer to improve on their quality and speed of their work so as to enhance desired productivity for them to be able to compete favourably with their counterpart in the developed nations. The efficient service delivery will add value to financial institutions operations, better the lot of stakeholders and subsequently improve national economy

This research is a literature study that examines the role of sharia financial institutions in improving the Indonesian economy with a focus on murabahah financing. The methodology used involves in-depth analysis of existing literature to produce a solid understanding of how Islamic financial institutions can contribute to the economy through murabahah financing. This study relies on relevant secondary data and literature analysis to provide a meaningful contribution to academic and policy-related understanding. The research results show that the implementation of murabahah financing by sharia financial institutions provides financial solutions in accordance with sharia principles, helps people own interest-free homes, and increases bank profitability and liquidity. Apart from that, murabahah financing also helps sharia financial institutions attract more customers and increase public trust in sharia-based financial services. It also plays a role in supporting financial inclusion, especially for communities that are underserved by conventional financial institutions. Overall, murabahah financing not only provides direct benefits for customers and banks, but also contributes positively to economic growth and welfare of Indonesian society.

The presentation of financial reports in a financial institution is very important in describing the financial condition and performance of the financial institution. it can be imagined how if it does not have adequate financial reports, a financial institution may find it difficult to process transactions accurately, in detail, clearly, and structured. One of the microfinance institutions that still cannot present financial reports properly is savings and loan cooperatives, one of which is KPN SMPN XXX Padang. This is due to the limited ability of the management in presenting its financial statements. The purpose of this study is to present the financial statements of savings and loan cooperatives in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Number 13 of 2015. Where in order to carry out management by cooperatives of savings and loan financing businesses that are carried out in an orderly manner in accounting so that they must apply the principles of accountability and transparency to produce financial reports that can be held accountable. The object of research is KPN SMPN XXX Padang. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. Data analysis used is data processing and data presentation. The results of the study of the presentation of financial statements in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Number 13 of 2015 at KPN SMPN XXX Padang are: statement of results of operations, statement of changes in equity, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and notes to financial statements Abstrak Penyajian laporan keuangan dalam sebuah lembaga keuangan menjadi sangat penting dalam menggambarkan kondisi keuangan dan kinerja lembaga keuangan tersebut. dapat dibayangkan bagaimana jika tidak memiliki laporan keuangan yang memadai, sebuah lembaga keuangan mungkin sulit untuk memproses transaksi secara akurat, rinci, jelas, dan terstruktur. Salah satu lembaga keuangan mikro yang masih belum bisa menyajikan laporan keuangan dengan baik adalah koperasi simpan pinjam, salah satunya adalah KPN SMPN XXX Padang. Hal ini dikarenakan keterbatasan kemampuan pengurus dalam penyajian laporan keuangannya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyajikan laporan keuangan koperasi simpan pinjam sesuai Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan UKM Nomor 13 Tahun 2015. Dimana dalam rangka melakukan penyelengaraan oleh koperasi terhadap usaha pembiayaan simpan pinjam yang dilakukan secara tertib dalam akuntansi sehingga harus menerapkan prinsip akuntabilitas dan transparansi untuk menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang dapat di pertanggung jawabkan. Objek penelitian adalah KPN SMPN XXX Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pengolahan data dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian dari penyajian laporan keuangan sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan UKM Nomor 13 Tahun 2015 Pada KPN SMPN XXX Padang adalah: laporan perhitungan hasil usaha, laporan perubahan ekuitas, laporan neraca, laporan arus kas, dan catatan atas laporan keuangan