Defining dynamic range

Image enhancement is very important image preprocessing technology especially when the image is captured in the poor imaging condition or dealing with the high bits image. The benefactor of image enhancement either may be a human observer or a computer vision process performing some kind of higher-level image analysis, such as target detection or scene understanding. One of the main objects of the image enhancement is getting a high dynamic range image and a high contrast degree image for human perception or interpretation. So, it is very necessary to integrate either empirical or statistical human vision psychology and perception knowledge into image enhancement. The human vision psychology and perception claims that humans' perception and response to the intensity fluctuation δu of visual signals are weighted by the background stimulus u, instead of being plainly uniform. There are three main laws: Weber's law, Weber- Fechner's law and Stevens's Law that describe this phenomenon in the psychology and psychophysics. This paper will integrate these three laws of the human vision psychology and perception into a very popular image enhancement algorithm named Adaptive Plateau Equalization (APE). The experiments were done on the high bits star image captured in night scene and the infrared-red image both the static image and the video stream. For the jitter problem in the video stream, this algorithm reduces this problem using the difference between the current frame's plateau value and the previous frame's plateau value to correct the current frame's plateau value. Considering the random noise impacts, the pixel value mapping process is not only depending on the current pixel but the pixels in the window surround the current pixel. The window size is usually 3×3. The process results of this improved algorithms is evaluated by the entropy analysis and visual perception analysis. The experiments' result showed the improved APE algorithms improved the quality of the image, the target and the surrounding assistant targets could be identified easily, and the noise was not amplified much. For the low quality image, these improved algorithms augment the information entropy and improve the image and the video stream aesthetic quality, while for the high quality image they will not debase the quality of the image.

The human eye's perception of images under various lighting conditions is not only influenced by brightness but also affected by image contrast and the distribution of spatial frequencies. OLED displays, which have been widely used for their pixel self‐illumination characteristics and high contrast ratio, also exhibit significant perception differences when illuminated by ambient light. In this paper, the contrast thresholds required to recognize target images under different ambient lighting conditions are investigated based on the contrast sensitivity function of the human eye. The effects of four ambient illuminances on the human eye's optimal contrast perception and detail discrimination are also analyzed. The results indicate that appropriate ambient lighting enhances the visual system's contrast perception and detail observation abilities. However, beyond a certain threshold of lighting, the contrast threshold required for the human eye to perceive spatial information at the same frequency increases with the intensity of lighting. These findings will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for optimizing the display performance of OLED displays as well as understanding the optimal viewing conditions for the human eye under different ambient lighting.

The term “visibility” is variously defined, but generally indicates the distance to which human visual perception is limited by atmospheric conditions. The physical and physiological mechanisms that influence visual perception during the night in distinguishing lights differ from those in the daytime in distinguishing objects illuminated by daylight. Basically, however, visibility describes the transparency of the air in the horizontal direction and represents the maximum distance that one can see in the atmosphere at any given time.

Modeling and simulation softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s... <<Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Comsol has released version 5.1 of its Multiphysics software, which allows users to create models, build simulation apps, and share the apps via the Comsol server mode. Upgrades include full integration between the model builder and the application builder. Users can easily switch between them and update the model and the app simultaneously. The model builder’s functions and features can be used in the application builder with no need to interface between the software packages. Both models and apps can be saved in the unified .mph file format. Version 5.1 simplifies code generation and provides many template codes for users who want to implement highly customized commands and operations. Additions have also been made to add-on products that expand the simulation platform for electrical, mechanical, fluid flow, and chemical applications. Comsol Inc, 1 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803, http://www.comsol.comMagnetocaloric effect measurement softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea... <<Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...A software analysis program from Lake Shore Cryotronics allows users in the magnetic research field to characterize and determine the nature of magnetic phase transitions in magnetocaloric effect (MCE) candidate materials. It is offered in a free beta trial version for users of Lake Shore’s 7400 or 7300 series vibrating sample magnetometers (VSMs). According to the company, the software simplifies the process of calculating MCEs and makes it easier to prepare the measuring protocol. The program imports measured isothermal M(H) and isofield M(T) magnetization curves recorded using Lake Shore VSM system data acquisition software. It uses those data to calculate the materials’ refrigerant capacity and their magnetic entropy change from peak value and full width at half maximum. Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc, 575 McCorkle Boulevard, Westerville, OH 43082, http://www.lakeshore.comSemiconductor processing failure analysisSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ... <<Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Park Systems has released the NX-Hivac atomic force microscope system for research and industrial failure analysis in highly doped semiconductor processing. It uses high-vacuum scanning spreading resistance microscopy to enable higher sensitivity and resolution than can be achieved in ambient conditions. The applied force between tip and sample under ambient or dry nitrogen conditions is four times higher than in a vacuum; the lower force under vacuum reduces the strain in thin films of target samples, which results in higher spatial resolution and longer tip life. The NX-Hivac can load up to five samples and measure a seven-decade dynamic range of dopant concentration. It has a closed-loop XY scanner for accurate zoom-in imaging and a low noise ratio of 0.30 Å. Motorized laser alignment and high-resolution axis optics enhance ease of use. Park Systems Inc, 3040 Olcott Street, Santa Clara, CA 95054, http://www.parkafm.comComputing and modeling softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so... <<Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...MathWorks has released version 2015a of its Matlab mathematical computing software and Simulink graphical environment for simulation and model-based design. Enhancements include new graphical controls and displays and antenna-to-bits simulation and testing of wireless communications and radar systems. It also has four new products: an antenna toolbox for designing, analyzing, and visualizing antenna elements and arrays; a robotics system toolbox for designing and testing algorithms for robotics applications; a Simulink test for creating test harnesses, authoring complex test sequences, and managing simulation-based tests; and a vision HDL toolbox with pixel-streaming algorithms for designing and implementing vision systems on field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits for image processing, video, and computer vision systems. The MathWorks Inc, 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098, http://www.mathworks.comOptical engineering softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw... <<Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Photon Engineering has introduced version 14.40 of its optical engineering software, FRED. Used in product development, it merges optical elements with mechanical components to build integrated models. Among its improvements is increased flexibility in the feature that allows objects to be isolated in 3D view, since property-based isolation is now allowed. A new multiple selection method lets users simultaneously assign multiple properties such as coatings, ray-trace controls, and materials to different nodes in an object tree. Keywords, a new property in FRED, can facilitate complex model construction and configuration by acting as pass-throughs for objects assigned to them. A complete list of new FRED 14.40 features can be found in the developer release notes, accessible from the Help menu after installation. Photon Engineering LLC, 310 South Williams Boulevard, Suite 222, Tucson, AZ 85711, http://photonengr.comSemiconductor measurement toolSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement... <<Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Craic Technologies has developed its 20/30 XL microspectrophotometer to nondestructively analyze microscopic samples or microscopic areas on large devices, such as small-spot film thickness on 300-mm wafers. The instrument can acquire data by absorbance, reflectance, or luminescence spectroscopy. It can be used for UV-visible or near-IR microscopy and for high-resolution digital imaging of semiconductor and other types of samples. Users can add the company’s Apollo Raman spectroscopy modules to acquire Raman microspectra. Featuring calibrated variable apertures and manual and automated operation, the flexible instrument is designed to attach to large frames that can accommodate large-scale samples. Applications include mapping thin-film thickness of large devices, locating and identifying contaminants, and measuring strain in silicon. Craic Technologies Inc, 948 North Amelia Avenue, San Dimas, CA 91773, http://www.microspectra.comAutomated wafer-level device characterizationSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev... <<Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Keysight Technologies has unveiled WaferPro Express 2015, a software platform for high-volume measurement of wafer-level devices and circuit components for R&D applications such as device modeling, process monitoring, and component characterization. By controlling all components—instruments and wafer probers alike—WaferPro Express reduces setup complexity and provides a unified platform for efficient automated measurement and data management. It is integrated with Cascade Microtech’s Velox 2.0 probe station control software, a combination which allows for complete wafer-map synchronization. That enables easy, error-free information exchange between the software, including wafer alignment, sites, and die information. To maximize efficiency during RF measurement, WaferPro Express periodically monitors the stability of the RF calibration. Keysight Technologies Inc, 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway, Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1738, http://www.keysight.comIntegrated circuit patterning metrologySection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter... <<Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...The Archer 500LCM and SpectraFilm LD10, two advanced metrology systems from KLA-Tencor Corp, support the development and production of integrated circuit devices that are 16 nm and smaller. They are part of the company’s 5D patterning control solution that characterizes and monitors fab-wide processes. The Archer 500LCM system provides accurate overlay error feedback through all stages of the yield ramp, so chipmakers can resolve overlay issues associated with novel patterning techniques such as multipatterning and spacer pitch splitting. Through reliable, precise measurement of film thickness and stress, the SpectraFilm LD10 enables qualification and monitoring of the films and film stacks used in fabrication of FinFETs, 3D NAND, and other devices. KLA-Tencor Corporation, 1 Technology Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035, http://www.kla-tencor.comFluorescence imaging analysis softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal... <<Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...PicoQuant has released version 2.0 of its SymPhoTime 64 fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) software package. It provides new features for time-resolved data acquisition and analysis and for superresolution. They include global analysis of FCS and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) curve fitting, which improve cell measurements, and stimulated emission depletion data acquisition and analysis procedures, such as gated STED. An extended TCSPC binning functionality permits faster analysis and binary export of FLIM images. A newly developed fast pattern-matching approach allows two species to be separated by lifetime and absorption and emission spectra, thereby refining FLIM image analysis. PicoQuant, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany, http://www.picoquant.comOptical imaging and spectroscopy softwareSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect... <<Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s...Advancements in LightField version 5.0, an upgrade of Princeton Instruments’ scientific imaging and spectroscopy software, include a math engine for analyzing 64-bit data in real time, an interactive virtual optical bench for managing multiple experiment setups, and automatic export of data in various formats. LightField supports the latest Princeton Instruments hardware, including IntelliCal spectral-calibration light sources. When paired with LightField’s automated point- by-point wavelength and intensity calibration, IntelliCal improves wavelength accuracy and NIST-traceable, instrument-independent intensity data by a factor of 10. For time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy applications, LightField provides users with an intuitive oscilloscope-like timing interface to PI-MAX4 ICCD cameras for easy synchronization and gating controls. Princeton Instruments, 3660 Quakerbridge Road, Trenton, NJ 08619, http://www.princetoninstruments.comSolder paste technologySection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technology <<Atomic layer deposition s...Indium Corporation offers its BiAgX solder paste as a drop-in replacement for the high-lead solders used in many high-reliability die-attach and electronics assembly applications. Made with the company’s high-melting solder paste technology, it can survive both high-temperature environments in excess of 175 °C with little degradation of the mechanical structure or other properties and J-STD-020 moisture sensitivity level reflow profiles up to 260 °C in the final solder joint. It does not contain lead, antimony, or specialty materials such as nanosilver or sintering aids. BiAgX reflows, solders, wets, and solidifies like any other solder paste. Available in both dispense and printing forms, it is suitable for small, low-voltage quad-flat no-lead packages used in portable electronics, automotive electronics, and industrial applications. Indium Corporation, 34 Robinson Road, Clinton, NY 13323, http://www.indium.comAtomic layer deposition systemSection:ChooseTop of pageModeling and simulation s...Magnetocaloric effect mea...Semiconductor processing ...Computing and modeling so...Optical engineering softw...Semiconductor measurement...Automated wafer-level dev...Integrated circuit patter...Fluorescence imaging anal...Optical imaging and spect...Solder paste technologyAtomic layer deposition s... <<The Savannah G2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) system from Ultratech Cambridge NanoTech incorporates advanced field-upgradable options that help researchers expand and characterize their portfolio of ALD films. One option is a low-vapor precursor delivery system that enables the growth of novel materials, including single- and multicomponent films from perovskite, yttrium, lithium, and the rare-earth families. Others include ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and mass spectrometry, which allow for the simultaneous growth of ALD films and the real-time characterization of the deposition process, important capabilities for thin-film R&D. Ultratech Cambridge NanoTech, 130 Turner Street, Building 2, Waltham, MA 02453, http://www.ultratech.com© 2015 American Institute of Physics.

A new EOTF based on human perception, called PQ (Perceptual Quantizer), was proposed in a previous work (SMPTE Mot. Imag. J 2013, 122:52-59) and its performance was evaluated for a wide range of luminance levels and encoding bitdepth values. This paper is an extension of that previous work to include the color aspects of the PQ signal encoding. The efficiency of the PQ encoding and bit-depth requirements were evaluated and compared for standard color gamuts of Rec 709 (SRGB), and the wide color gamuts of Rec 2020, P3, and ACES for a variety of signal representations as RGB, YC b C r , and XYZ. In a selected color space for any potential local gray level 26 color samples were simulated by deviating one quantization step from the original color in each signal dimension. The quantization step sizes were simulated based on the PQ and gamma curves for different bit-depth values and luminance ranges for each of the color gamut spaces and signal representations. Color differences between the gray field and the simulated color samples were computed using CIE DE2000 color difference equation. The maximum color difference values (quantization error) were used as a metric to evaluate the performance of the corresponding EOTF curve. Extended color gamuts were found to require more bits to maintain low quantization error. Extended dynamic range required fewer additional bits in to maintain quantization error. Regarding the visual detection thresholds, the minimum bit-depth required by the PQ and gamma encodings are evaluated and compared through visual experiments.

A contrast enhancement framework under uncontrolled environments based on just noticeable difference

Analysis and measurement of perceived image quality has been an active area of research for decades. Although physical measurements of image parameters often correlate with human perceptions, user-centric approaches have focused on the observer’s ability to perform certain tasks with the imagery. This task-based orientation has led to the development of the Johnson Criteria and the National Imagery Interpretability Ratings Scale as standards for quantifying the interpretability of an image. A substantial literature points to three primary factors affecting human perception of image interpretability: spatial resolution, image sharpness as measured by the relative edge response, and perceived noise measured by the signal-to-noise ratio. For maritime and ocean surveillance applications, however, these factors do not fully represent the characteristics of the imagery. Images looking at the ocean surface can encompass a wide range of spatial resolutions. Fog, sun glint, and color distortion can degrade image interpretability. In this paper, we explore both the general factors and the domain specific concerns for quantifying image interpretability. In particular, we propose new metrics to assess the dynamic range and color balance for maritime surveillance imagery. We will present the new metrics and illustrate their performance on relevant image data.

A load cell with adjustable stiffness and zero offset tuning dedicated to electrical micro- and nanoprobing

Focus on lasers and imaging

Direct observation and recorded color images of the same scenes are often strikingly different because human visual perception computes the conscious representation with vivid color and detail in shadows, and with resistance to spectral shifts in the scene illuminant. A computation for color images that approaches fidelity to scene observation must combine dynamic range compression, color consistency-a computational analog for human vision color constancy-and color and lightness tonal rendition. In this paper, we extend a previously designed single-scale center/surround retinex to a multiscale version that achieves simultaneous dynamic range compression/color consistency/lightness rendition. This extension fails to produce good color rendition for a class of images that contain violations of the gray-world assumption implicit to the theoretical foundation of the retinex. Therefore, we define a method of color restoration that corrects for this deficiency at the cost of a modest dilution in color consistency. Extensive testing of the multiscale retinex with color restoration on several test scenes and over a hundred images did not reveal any pathological behaviour.

Low light images suffer from a low dynamic range and severe noise due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose joint contrast enhancement and noise reduction of low light images via just-noticeable-difference (JND) transform. We adopt the JND transform to achieve both contrast enhancement and noise reduction based on human visual perception. First, we generate a JND map based on an the human visual system (HVS) response model from foreground and background luminance, called JND transform. Second, for base image, we perform perceptual contrast enhancement based on luminance adaptation to effectively allocate a dynamic range to each gray level while preventing under enhancement (tone distortion) and over-enhancement. Third, we refine the JND map using Weber's law, luminance adaptation and visual masking. Weber's law enhances the JND map based on the luminance variation after contrast enhancement. Luminance adaptation suppresses noise for smooth regions, while visual masking enforces detail enhancement for textural regions. Fourth, we perform inverse JND transform to generate the enhanced luma channel from the JND map and base image. Finally, we conduct chroma denoising by transferring texture information of the enhanced luma channel to the chroma channels with guided filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves both contrast enhancement and noise reduction for low light images as well as outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of quantitative measurements.

Artifact remains a long-standing challenge in High Dynamic Range (HDR) reconstruction. Existing methods focus on model designs for artifact mitigation but ignore explicit detection and suppression strategies. Because artifact lacks clear boundaries, distinct shapes, and semantic consistency, and there is no existing dedicated dataset for HDR artifact, progress in direct artifact detection and recovery is impeded. To bridge the gap, we propose a unified HDR reconstruction framework that integrates artifact detection and model optimization. Firstly, we build the first HDR artifact dataset (HADataset), comprising 1,213 diverse multi-exposure Low Dynamic Range (LDR) image sets and 1,765 HDR image pairs with per-pixel artifact annotations. Secondly, we develop an effective HDR artifact detector (HADetector), a robust artifact detection model capable of accurately localizing HDR reconstruction artifact. HADetector plays two pivotal roles: (1) enhancing existing HDR reconstruction models through fine-tuning, and (2) serving as a non-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) metric, the Artifact Score (AS), which aligns closely with human visual perception for reliable quality evaluation. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and generalizability of our framework, including the HADataset, HADetector, fine-tuning paradigm, and AS metric. The code and datasets are available at: https://github.com/xinyueliii/hdr-artifact-detect-optimize.

The focus of this research is on developing and studying flexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) that utilize polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE) as the electron transport layer (ETL). The flexible OPD employs a conductive PEDOT: PSS anode on a flexible PET substrate. By using polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE) as an Electron Transport Layer (ETL) in flexible OPDs, the dark current is reduced by one order of magnitude and the photocurrent is increased by 60% at -2V bias. This results in a 14 dB increase in the linear dynamic range (LDR) compared to conventional LiF ETL in flexible OPDs. By making these improvements, the flexible OPD with PEIE can detect PPG signals even in ambient light without LED usage. Detecting the PPG signal in ambient light conditions allows for the development of power-efficient PPG sensing wearables.

Infrasound has been widely applied to the remote monitoring of explosive volcanic eruptions. Although no active volcanoes are currently present within South Korea, explosive activity in neighboring regions can still generate transboundary hazards that require effective remote monitoring. In this context, we present a quantitative assessment of volcanic eruption detectability using the Korea Infrasound Network (KIN).The KIN has been operated for more than two decades and was originally established to monitor local and regional acoustic sources and to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic signals. The network consists of Chaparral M2 infrasound sensors, each of which has a flat response from 0.1 to 200 Hz. Since 2011, eight infrasound arrays with apertures ranging from 0.15 to 1.68 km have been fully operational. We evaluate the detectability of eruptions with VEI ≥ 3 that have occurred since 2011, examining detection characteristics as a function of distance, azimuth, and atmospheric propagation conditions. Detection was performed using the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm to identify coherent infrasound signals.Many eruption signals recorded by the KIN extend into frequencies below the nominal flat-response bandwidth and are often obscured by persistent microbarom noise. Despite these limitations, volcanic eruptions were conditionally detected depending on eruption size and atmospheric propagation conditions. The analyzed cases include the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption (VEI 5), the 2020 Taal and 2021 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba eruptions (VEI 4), and several VEI 3 eruptions such as Asosan, Kirishimayama, and Raikoke.Our results indicate that automated eruption detection using KIN is feasible, particularly at the TJIAR array in central South Korea. A long-term PMCC detection catalog spanning approximately 15 years (since 2011) was compiled for TJIAR and compared with independent eruption records from the Tokyo Volcano Ash Advisory Center and the Global Volcanism Program to assess detection reliability. This study represents the first long-term assessment of volcanic infrasound detectability based on the KIN. In addition, low-frequency infrasound sensors (MB3d) with an extended dynamic range were collocated at one of the KIN arrays in 2025 to improve low-frequency detectability. Ongoing work focuses on assessing improvements in eruption detectability through comparisons between legacy and upgraded sensor configurations, with implications for the development of an infrasound-based automated eruption detection and long-term monitoring of explosive volcanic eruptions in East Asia.

We report on polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated synthesis of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); the formation of PBNP-AuNP nanohybrids with a remarkable change in Prussian blue character as a function of gold cation concentration was also considered. It was shown that PEI-protected polycrystalline PBNPs can be synthesized in an acidic medium from the precursor potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6] at 60 °C. Since PEI also enables the controlled formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of formaldehyde under ambient conditions, nanohybrids of PBNPs and AuNPs were prepared. The formation of AuNPs was recorded over a wide range of PEI concentrations, which allowed control over polymeric cation capping of the AuNPs. PEI concentration-dependent enhancement/quenching of fluorescence/resonance Rayleigh scattering was useful for non-enzymatic detection of serum glucose levels. The resonance Rayleigh scattering intensity of PBNPs was several-fold higher than that of AuNPs and acted as a potent quencher of fluorescence. At an optimal concentration of PEI, AuNPs allowed an increase in the fluorescence signal as function of glucose concentration; the quenching ability of PB was demonstrated to be a function of the glucose concentration. This method is efficient for fast glucose sensing and offers a wider linear dynamic range, 0-10 mM, which is useful for non-enzymatic detection of serum glucose levels.