Defining Multi-user Web Applications with iTasks

Pure functional programming languages have been proposed as a vehicle to describe, simulate and manipulate circuit specifications. We propose an extension to Haskell to solve a standard problem when manipulating data types representing circuits in a lazy functional language. The problem is that circuits are finite graphs - but viewing them as an algebraic (lazy) datatype makes them indistinguishable from potentially infinite regular trees. However, implementations of Haskell do indeed represent cyclic structures by graphs. The problem is that the sharing of nodes that creates such cycles is not observable by any function which traverses such a structure. In this paper we propose an extension to call-by-need languages which makes graph sharing observable. The extension is based on non updatable reference cells and an equality test (sharing detection) on this type. We show that this simple and practical extension has well-behaved semantic properties, which means that many typical source-to-source program transformations, such as might be performed by a compiler, are still valid in the presence of this extension.

In the effort to a durable development, is put increasingly more emphasis on the reduction of pollution, of energy consumption, of carbon emissions for, both, private buildings and industrial buildings. One way to reduce this factor is the implementation of vertical vegetal walls with climbing plants or separated structures, so-called vertical gardens.The main aim of the research is to highlight the qualities of different types of vertical gardens existing in the market currently. The research focused, in addition, on the advantages and disadvantages of vertical garden systems from technical and visually point of view. To provide a comprehensive overview about the influence of environmental factors on vertical systems, were monitored specially designed modules in order to observe the loss of water and the growth of plants used in the construction of such systems. In the experiment have been utilized 11 species of plants and 9 planting substrate, different in terms of the degree of compaction. The test consisted of daily weighing of the evidence, for a period of two months (September and October 2011). The obtained results provide a comprehensive overview about the influence of environmental factors on vertical systems, on the loss of water and the growth of plants used in the construction of such systems.

A Technique to Build Debugging Tools for Lazy Functional Logic Languages

Workflow systems coordinate tasks of humans and computers. The iTask system is a recently developed toolkit with which workflows can be defined declaratively on a very high level of abstraction. It offers functionality which cannot be found in commercial workflow systems: workflows are constructed dynamically depending on the outcome of earlier work, workflows are strongly typed, and they can be of higher order. From the specification, a web-based multi-user workflow system is generated. Up until now we could only generate thin clients. All information produced by a worker triggers a round trip to the server. For real world workflows this is unsatisfactory. Modern Ajax web technology to update part of a web page is required, as well as the ability to execute tasks on clients. The architecture of any system that supports such features is complex: it manages distributed computing on clients and server which generally involves the collaboration of applications written in different programming languages. The contribution of this paper is that we integrate partial updates of web pages and client side task evaluation within the iTask system, while retaining its approach of a single language and declarative nature. The workflow designer uses light-weight annotations to control the run-time behavior of work. The iTask implementation takes care of all the hard work under the hood. Arbitrary tasks (functional programs) can be evaluated at web clients. When such a task cannot be evaluated on the client for some reason, the system switches to server side evaluation. All communication and synchronization issues are handled by the extended iTask system

In this paper, we will define a custom term-graph reduction system for a simplified lazy functional language. Our custom system is geared towards flexibility, which is accomplished by leaving the choice of redex free and by making use of single-step reduction. It is therefore more suited for formal reasoning than the well-established standard reduction systems, which usually fix a single redex and realize multi-step reduction only. We will show that our custom system is correct with respect to the standard systems, by proving that it is confluent and allows standard lazy functional evaluation as a possible reduction path.Our reduction system is used in the foundation of Sparkle. Sparkle is the dedicated proof assistant for Clean, a lazy functional programming language based on term-graph rewriting. An important reasoning step in Sparkle is the replacement of an expression with one of its reducts. The flexibility of our underlying reduction mechanism ensures that as many reduction options as possible are available for this reasoning step, which improves the ease of reasoning.Because our reduction system is based on a simplified lazy functional language, our results can be applied to any other functional language based on term-graph rewriting as well.KeywordsFunction SymbolReduction SystemReduction RuleFormal ReasoningProof AssistantThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

L’intégration des équipements biomédicaux dans le système d’information hospitalier

Despite the efforts to improve HCI issues, the users still find problems when interacting with applications. This naturally demands the need for help systems. But the construction of such systems depends on the availability of information (and the necessary reflections upon them) to compose its contents. This work investigates if the MoLIC language can contribute to the construction of help systems by checking the design reflections that this language leads a designer to exercise.

A database interface based on Montague's approachto the interpretation of natural language

iTasks is a shallowly embedded monadic domain-specific language written in the lazy, functional programming language Clean. It implements the Task-Oriented Programming (TOP) paradigm. In TOP one describes, on a high level of abstraction, the tasks distributed collaborative systems and end users have to do. It results in a web application that is able to coordinate the work thus described. Even though iTasks is defined in the common notion of tasks, for stake holders without programming experience, textual source code remains too difficult to understand. In previous work, we introduced Tonic (Task-Oriented Notation Inferred from Code) to graphically represent iTasks programs using blueprints. Blueprints are designed to bridge the gap between domain-expert and programmer. In this paper, we add the capability to graphically trace the dynamic behaviour of an iTasks program at run-time. This enables domain experts, managers, end users and programmers to follow and inspect the work as it is being executed. Using dynamic blueprints we can show, in real-time, who is working on what, which tasks are finished, which tasks are active, and what their parameters and results are. Under certain conditions we can predict which future tasks are reachable and which not. In a way, we have created a graphical tracing and debugging system for the TOP domain and have created the foundation for a tracing and debugging system for monads in general. Tracing and debugging is known to be hard to realize for lazy functional languages. In monadic contexts, however, the order of evaluation is well-defined, reducing the challenges Tonic needs to overcome.

In the last decade, the development and integration of the life of information technology society has affected the system of public governance. Key aspects of organizing modern urban development, management and planning that encompass different measurements: effective management, stability, environmental friendliness, innovation and understanding of the «Smart City» concept. «Smart City» is a digital toolkit (system), in which the city аdministration interact with the community and the city's infrastructure. As the basic tools of «Smart City» we can consider software and hardware complexes that are the part of the components (applications, software solutions, dedicated services, etc.), that perform specific typical operations for solving certain individual functions and form the overall architecture of the system. A significant barrier for the development of digital interference in Ukraine is a lack of clear classification of «Smart City» warehouse tools. One of the most important ways for systematization is the general classification of «Smart City» tools. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the classification of «Smart City» tools. The article proposes to define the classification method as a set of rules for the creation of classification systems, as well as their coincidence. The proposed facet method most closely matches the system of classification of «Smart City» tools and allows to systematize a large set of objects. It is substantiated that using the facet method it is possible to construct a classification system of «Smart City» tools with flexible scaling at each level of such structure. The structure of classification of basic functions of public administration bodies is determined. The basic digital interactions of public intervention agencies (G - government) with the company (B - business) and citizens (C - citizen) are selected based on the levels of interaction of subjects and objects of electronic service provision. This will make it possible to formulate the first basic classification level depending on a certain initial position of objects in system. In order to determine the interaction levels, it is suggested to introduce index of the «Smart City» solutions, with the positioning of the system component by the classifiers. Based on the facet principle and defined types of fields, the basic system of classification «Smart City» tools was built. Having defined the tool of classification it becomes possible to describe and formaloze the inter-system interconnections at the level of data exchange between different components and subsystems. It expands the possibilities of implementation, cloning and scaling up successful technical, technological and managerial decisions. The proposed classification is a supersystem and does not affect internal architecture of specific systems and is appointmed, first of all, for the construction and standardization of inter-system interactions and systematization of «Smart City» tools. As a further development of issues we see the development of standardization and «Smart City» tools at the state level, the study of the world's experience in the implementation of «Smart City» to determine the recommendations for the development and construction of such systems.

Touchpads, haptics and gestures are becoming popular user-interfaces in modern electronic gadgets. In this project, we propose to use a touch pad to construct a HAM radio interface. Low-power, short-range wireless communication interfaces which have become available with modern microcontrollers enable the construction of such systems which can allow users to exchange information within buildings. While Morse code was invented for telegraphy, its simplicity allows a person with physical disability to use it more effectively than a keyboard-based interface. Thus, such an interface can be useful in rehab centers, old-age homes and hospitals. Security systems are yet another domain where Morse code can be gainfully employed. Since the user must make use of touch, drag and release operations for Morse code signaling, it is difficult to prescribe any strict guidelines on the length of the drag or the time gap between two drags. Multiple users of the system will use the system at different speeds. We propose the use of Fuzzy logic with elements of machine learning to reduce the chances of misinterpreting the Morse code and adapting to different users. In order to demonstrate our project, we used the MSP430F5529 development kit from Texas Instruments which comes with a touch-pad, an LCD screen and an RF interface. The system reported in this paper is cost-effective, low-power, and meets the real-time speed requirements of the application.

A system of distributed processors offers an attractive method for the control of many real-world systems, with the prospect of increased efficiency, throughput and reliability. Modern software engineering analysis methods, design techniques and programming languages should be used in the construction of such systems to control and exploit the parallel nature of the system. Where a robust system is required, particular attention must be paid to the role of interprocess communications, because they provide not only a mechanism for synchronising and co-ordinating the distributed system, but also a mechanism for the propagation of errors. A proper fault tolerant framework must be implemented to restrict such error propagation and to provide proper conversation error-recovery mechanisms.

The European Union (EU) legislative framework related to air quality, together with national legislation and relevant declarations of the United Nations (UN), requires an integrated approach concerning air quality management (AQM), and accessibility of related information for the citizens. In the present paper, the main requirements of this legislative framework are discussed and main air quality management and information system characteristics are drawn. The use of information technologies is recommended for the construction of such systems. The World Wide Web (WWW) is considered a suitable platform for system development and integration and at the same time as a medium for communication and information dissemination.

This paper presents results on the development of an eyeglass based human/computer interface. The interface comprises a display mounted within the eyeglasses, and a lens for relaying information inconspicuously to the wearer's eye. The paper will discuss eyeglass interface systems that utilize miniature displays and magnifying optics to provide a field of view of up to 10 degrees, with a resolution of approximately .03 degrees per pixel. Details of the design and construction of such systems, including methods of addressing the need for prescriptive correction will be presented. The paper concludes with comments on adding other new features to the interface system.

We examine the behavior of n Brownian particles diffusing on the real line with bounded, measurable drift and bounded, piecewise continuous diffusion coefficients that depend on the current configuration of particles. Sufficient conditions are established for the absence and for the presence of triple collisions among the particles. As an application to the Atlas model for equity markets, we study a special construction of such systems of diffusing particles using Brownian motions with reflection on polyhedral domains.