Deliverable 5.4 Initial Training Materials

When it comes to helping to shape sustainable development, research is most useful when it bridges the science–implementation/management gap and when it brings development specialists and researchers into a dialogue (Hurni et al. 2004); can a peer-reviewed journal contribute to this aim? In the classical system for validation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, journals focus on knowledge exchange within the academic community and do not specifically address a ‘life-world audience’. Within a North-South context, another knowledge divide is added: the peer review process excludes a large proportion of scientists from the South from participating in the production of scientific knowledge (Karlsson et al. 2007). Mountain Research and Development (MRD) is a journal whose mission is based on an editorial strategy to build the bridge between research and development and ensure that authors from the global South have access to knowledge production, ultimately with a view to supporting sustainable development in mountains. In doing so, MRD faces a number of challenges that we would like to discuss with the td-net community, after having presented our experience and strategy as editors of this journal. MRD was launched in 1981 by mountain researchers who wanted mountains to be included in the 1992 Rio process. In the late 1990s, MRD realized that the journal needed to go beyond addressing only the scientific community. It therefore launched a new section addressing a broader audience in 2000, with the aim of disseminating insights into, and recommendations for, the implementation of sustainable development in mountains. In 2006, we conducted a survey among MRD’s authors, reviewers, and readers (Wymann et al. 2007): respondents confirmed that MRD had succeeded in bridging the gap between research and development. But we realized that MRD could become an even more efficient tool for sustainability if development knowledge were validated: in 2009, we began submitting ‘development’ papers (‘transformation knowledge’) to external peer review of a kind different from the scientific-only peer review (for ‘systems knowledge’). At the same time, the journal became open access in order to increase the permeability between science and society, and ensure greater access for readers and authors in the South. We are currently rethinking our review process for development papers, with a view to creating more space for communication between science and society, and enhancing the co-production of knowledge (Roux 2008). Hopefully, these efforts will also contribute to the urgent debate on the ‘publication culture’ needed in transdisciplinary research (Kueffer et al. 2007).

BackgroundThe “F-words in Childhood Disability” (Function, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends, and Future) are an adaptation and an attempt to operationalize the World Health Organization’s (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Since the paper was published (November 2011), the “F-words” have attracted global attention (>12,000 downloads, January 2018). Internationally, people have adopted the “F-words” ideas, and many families and service providers have expressed a need for more information, tools, and resources on the “F-words”.ObjectiveThis paper reports on the development and pilot evaluation of a Web-based knowledge translation (KT) resource, the “F-words” Knowledge Hub that was created to inform people about the “F-words” and to provide action-oriented tools to support the use of the “F-words” in practice.MethodsAn integrated research team of families and researchers at CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research collaborated to develop, implement, and evaluate the Knowledge Hub. A pilot study design was chosen to assess the usability and utility of the Web-based hub before implementing a larger evaluation study. Data were collected using a brief anonymous Web-based survey that included both closed-ended and open-ended questions, with the closed-ended responses being based on a five-point Likert-type scale. We used descriptive statistics and a summary of key themes to report findings.ResultsFrom August to November 2017, the Knowledge Hub received >6,800 unique visitors. In 1 month (November 2017), 87 people completed the survey, of whom 63 completed the full survey and 24 completed 1 or 2 sections. The respondents included 42 clinicians and 30 family members or individuals with a disability. The majority of people visited the Knowledge Hub 1-5 times (n=63) and spent up to 45 minutes exploring (n=61) before providing feedback. Overall, 66 people provided information on the perceived usefulness of the Knowledge Hub, of which 92% (61/66) found the Knowledge Hub user-friendly and stated that they enjoyed exploring the hub, and a majority (n=52) reported that the Knowledge Hub would influence what they did when working with others. From the open-ended responses (n=48), the “F-words” videos (n=21) and the “F-words” tools (n=15) were rated as the best features on the Knowledge Hub.ConclusionsThe “F-words” Knowledge Hub is an evidence-informed Web-based KT resource that was useful for respondents, most of whom were seen as “early adopters” of the “F-words” concepts. Based on the findings, minor changes are to be made to improve the Knowledge Hub before completing a larger evaluation study on the impact at the family, clinician, and organizational levels with a wider group of users. Our hope is that the “F-words” Knowledge Hub will become a go-to resource for knowledge sharing and exchange for families and service providers.

Effective communication campaigns strategy for biomass energy innovations can create, raise, sustain and develop public awareness, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and behaviour towards early adoption of biomass energy innovations in the east African lake victoria basin. This is an audience survey of a national biomass energy policy communication campaigns in Uganda (Wakiso district), results indicate that some efforts have been made to raise public awareness and knowledge of renewable biomass energy policy communications strategy should be intensified to raise public awareness for behaviour change among the target rural and urban households, institutions, firms and communities. So far, the current campaigns have been quite limited, sporadic and less participatory, with limited impacts on the target audiences. East African community member states should develop effective policy communications campaigns strategy for better family incomes, health, well-being, and welfare in the sub-region. Key words: Public awareness, communication campaigns, energy policy, community welfare.

Universities and university museums are faced with numerous challenges regarding access to their collections for diverse user communities. In today’s electronic age, a new model has emerged for granting online access to collections. This paper will present some challenges and successes of current solutions in use by Carleton University’s Great Lakes Research Alliance for the Study Aboriginal Arts and Culture (GRASAC), the University of Pennsylvania Museum collaborative virtual exhibition Tipatshimuna and the McCord Museum, formerly administered by McGill University. The research and knowledge dissemination mandate of universities, together with the issues surrounding the repatriation of objects, online collaboration and access to collections, the digital form presents a real opportunity to benefits universities, researchers, students and the general public.

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:Learn to prepare students for interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary work. This panel will explore and discuss the nature of crossdisciplinary work students may experience in their academic and professional careers, and introduce how experienced teachers of interdisciplinary courses engage their students in multi-faceted research here at Mason.________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT: Most big problems facing humanity (give examples to the audience: Climate Change, understanding the Brain and Consciousness, Computational Social Science, and the future challenges as humanity moves into space) are multifaceted, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary (define these for audience). Also, as in any field of scholarship that involves basic research, the key developments that move a field forward typically come from unexpected directions (e.g. the internet, materials science, etc.). Furthermore, research in these highly interdisciplinary realms typically involves working in large teams of highly varied experts. How do you teach and train students to be aware of the large context in which they will be working in the future and at the same time give the students sufficient depth of understanding in a specific field so that they can make significant contributions to such projects?A‚Â This session will be a short presentation (15 mins) providing definitions and an overview of the nature of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary work, followed by a panel discussion on the opportunities and challenges of training students in interdisciplinary fields of research. The panel will include people who have substantial experience in teaching interdisciplinary courses and engaging in such multi-faceted research at Mason.Panelists include: Michael Summers (Astrobiology ASTR 301: Teaching the most interdisciplinary of all of the sciences: The origin, evolution, and future of life in the universe)For more information about teaching in the disciplines:A‚Â https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/teaching-in-the-disciplinesFor session spacific materials, please request directly from the presenter Mike Summers:A‚Â msummers@gmu.edu

Background and Purpose: National AIDS indicator surveys generate large volumes of specimens and associated data, necessitating the preparedness of systems and processes in the reference laboratory. Specimen management is often more routine while management of data becomes secondary. However, complete and accurate laboratory results are essential to ensure data quality. Robust laboratory informatics solutions for managing data are needed to increase data accuracy and reduce turnaround time. Methods: During the 2012 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS), 62,435 samples were collected from respondent households and transferred to the National HIV Reference Laboratory (NHRL) for testing. The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) collaborated with the Kenya Ministry of Health in laboratory process improvement, laboratory information system design and governance focusing on preparing the laboratory to manage the large volume of samples and associated data. This task included developing detailed work flow and data flow diagrams for the entire process, from field specimen and data collection, to receipt, testing and storage. These diagrams were used for training and for reference during the survey process. They were also used to define KAIS 2012 requirements for the existing laboratory information management system (LIMS). Laboratory processes were documented and matched up with the configurations developed in the LIMS. The team also designed specimen tracking and receiving forms based on KAIS 2012 protocol and LIMS requirements. They matched these forms with data elements in the LIMS for data harmonization. The KAIS survey team developed contingency plans for every KAIS 2012 laboratory activity to ensure NHRL implemented uniform procedures when normal operations did not occur. These plans focused on the management and standardization of human resources as appropriate personnel and associated procedures are integral to optimal information system performance. The team defined staff roles and responsibilities and developed procedures for managing forms, specimens and electronic data, including quality and use aligned with survey protocols. During the project, the KAIS team provided knowledge transfer to NHRL to ensure the development of local capacity and long-term sustainability. Results: Due to the informatics processes in place, NHRL was able to share laboratory test results from KAIS with other stakeholders within a day of being received. NHRL was also able to immediately access data on storage locations of all samples that were previously managed using paper systems – a significant challenge before the project. Visualization, mapping and contingency planning for each step of the process ensured that laboratory support to KAIS 2012 was timely, and of high quality, regardless of digressions from standard operating procedures caused by unexpected circumstances. While contingency plans are not routine, they can be critical to the success of the survey. Conclusions: Preparedness is key. Finalization of the survey protocol three months before the pilot, training and piloting all aspects of laboratory services a month prior to the survey ensured informatics solutions are appropriate and robust. Engaging all stakeholders -- particularly survey, laboratory and LIMS staff -- in laboratory informatics solutions planning, implementation, monitoring is critical to developing the most efficient systems and processes for a large national sero survey. During execution, constant and ongoing communication is essential to adapt to the evolving needs of the survey and its participants. Keywords: LIMS/LIS, Informatics, survey

The concept of the digital divide is becoming more and more complex as access to computers and the use of computers, changes over time. When the existence of a “digital divide” first emerged, it revolved around access to computers and related technologies. The high cost of computers and related technologies creates a large divide between people who could afford them, and who had access to all the advantages of Information technology in general, and those who could not. ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) have become an indispensable tool for businesses. Competitiveness and productivity depend on them. Cloud Computing has also generated new business opportunities for companies that have understood the key to this new social and commercial space. Cloud Computing on education can bridge the knowledge divide, the resource divide and the digital divide, teachers could be empowered under the cloud warning. It can be on devices, notebook, e-book and cell-phone. Cloud Computing in order to reduce digital divide has come as a friendly way to provide computer applications to users without the need for those users to purchase, install or support software on their local computers and/or servers. This research will cover the facts and issues discovered into the Digital Divide, after exploring details and points of views from experts. Also, this research will provide two models and one framework to describe, explain and finally reduce the gap or as most of the researchers has been looking for building a bridge in order to reduce the digital divide. Since computers and, later, the Internet became popular and came to our business, there has been a different degree of acceptance thereof by the people. The variety of profiles ranging from the 'early adopter', that is one that is to last forever in this new technology, to the 'allergic' to the computer, because they do not know how to use password to login and/or prefers to work as they always have done. Is not the first time we hear about people who cannot make simples actions in a computer because their capabilities are very low. I'm talking about everyday situations, rather than more complex ones such as maintenance of machinery. This research will treat the Cloud Computing concept as a tool to Reduce Digital Divide; the digital divide will be related to issues of educational access to the benefits of digitalization and the capabilities of a group of students in three different high school centers to use ICT appropriately and contribute to sustainable development.

Introduction In interactive team sports, athletes constantly take behavioral decisions in situationally constrained contexts. Ecological perspectives assume that situational cues guide these decisions. Social-cognitive approaches posit that athletes consider internally stored information to complement ecological information. In line with these notions, significant effects of situational information and associative knowledge on passing decisions in Soccer have been found (Steiner, 2015). The aim of this study was to test the existence of similar effects in Basketball. Methods Three Basketball teams (N = 38, M = 23.47 years, SD = 6.41) playing in the third regional league of the ProBasket Association participated in the study. For each team, graphic illustrations of ten offensive game situations taken from championship games served as stimulus material. Participants took the perspective of the person on the ball and indicated which of six predefined acts (shooting [option A], penetration towards the basket [B], passes to each of four team members [C to F]) would be their first, second, and third choice respectively. Two measures representing situational constraints in regard to each act were calculated: The amount of defensive coverage by opponents and the openness of the area required to perform an act. Furthermore, participants rated all team members on six items covering Basketball-relevant abilities. The ratings were used to calculate measures of associative knowledge. A variable representing personal (for options A and B) and team members’ (options C to F) overall competency and one representing (personal and team members’) situation-relevant competency were computed. Ordinal regressions were calculated to estimate the effects of the ecological context and associative knowledge on the participants’ decisions. Results Results showed significant effects of defensive coverage (β = 1.084, p < 0.001) and the openness of the area required to perform the act (β = 1.086, p < 0.001). The harder a specific act was defended, the lower the chances that this option would be chosen. Chances for an act increased with more space available for its performing. There was no effect of the participants’ overall competency rating of the person involved in an act (self-ratings for options A, B; other-ratings for options C to F; β = -0.496, p = 0.222). A significant effect of the situation-relevant competency ratings on decision making was found (β = 1.009, p < 0.001). Pseudo R2 measures for the model were .116 (Cox & Snell) and .127 (Nagelkerke). Discussion/Conclusion The study supports previous findings regarding the importance of ecological informers and associative knowledge in the decision making processes of interactive team sports. Implications for further research are to specify more ecological variables and clusters of associative knowledge and to test their effects on decision making in sports.

Multimedia technology can be a valuable resource for health promotion and patient education initiatives because it allows messages to be presented within an environment that is both sensory-rich and interactive (i.e., the user can explore the information according to his or her particular needs and interests). Using clinic waiting time as an opportunity for breast cancer education, this investigation examined whether an educational intervention promoting breast cancer screening would be more effective when using interactive multimedia than when using written materials. Over a five-month period, 108 women (40-70 years of age) from two clinics (a family practice clinic and a free clinic for the poor) participated in the study. Participants initially completed measures assessing perceptions of the personal importance of breast cancer, knowledge, and anxiety about screening procedures. They then were randomly assigned to receive breast cancer education by using an interactive multimedia program or by reading a brochure. Following the intervention, the participants once again completed the perceived importance, knowledge, and anxiety measures, and evaluated the educational materials. These women perceived breast cancer to be a more personally important health issue, learned more, and reported less anxiety about cancer screening following the intervention regardless of method. Younger women learned more from the educational materials than did older women. Although the multimedia program received more favorable evaluations than the brochure, this effect was mediated by the message recipient's age, as younger women responded more favorably to the multimedia materials than did older women. Preconsultation education is a valuable but rarely used opportunity to promote breast cancer screening. If well constructed, educational materials using a variety of media can be effective. While preferences for media may in part depend on the audience's age, considerably more research is needed to better understand how the interplay of media, message, and audience characteristics can help accomplish health-promotion objectives.

This study examined the intensity of a collaborative communication process in a computer supported and distributed social collaborative design-build project. It focused on how different design-build professional’s concept knowledge can be saved, retrieved, and reused from their local computer system. It also centered on how these concepts can be shared in a virtual distributed social communication environment to enhancement the effect of the multi-professions collaboration. Extensive prior research has revealed that the communication process is the most important collaboration study problem. The design-build stakeholders jointly form a shared understanding through a process of defining the problem, exploring the space of solutions and searching for information. Much research has concluded that a shared understanding is a critical element in successful, collaborative design. This paper describes a distributed computation (agent-based) approach for identifying shared understanding in design-build communication process by analyzing communication data. By mining the relationship between collaborative participants of a shared understanding, specifically a common interest of document reference and a similar voice, a shared design-build concept knowledge and relationship of the design can emerge. Communication support tools built around shared understanding would be more effective in directing and alerting the design-build team to relevant information. The result of this paper was that not only the design data itself emphasized the value of communication but also the hidden relationships among data which generated shared understanding. We constructed the distributed social communication data model to support user to save, retrieve, and analyze among the communication process in a design-build project. We also implemented an exhaustive recommender data mining model as the clustering engine to exposing the hidden relationships among communication data. This communication data relationship also can be regarded as a user’s familiarity index with the design concept, which can be shared with others in the design-build collaborative team. Two real world design-build projects were used to test, validate, modify, and confirm the function of distributed social collaborative design-build system, implemented by this paper. In conclusion, the distributed collaborative system turned out to be highly collaborative in respect of design concept and was utilized intensely in organizing the design-build process.

Purpose / Context - As the emerging digital technology, Building Information Modelling has been applied in the multidisciplinary design work for sustainable houses. This study aims to input the real-world design context into the BIM pedagogy and to demonstrate the capacity of BIM in enhancing teamwork in the cross-disciplinary collaboration. Methodology / Approach – A case study of a Saint Lucia-based residential house project was adopted by utilizing BIM as the platform to carry on the redesign plan differing from an existing de-sign. Nine different student design teams from the University of Nottingham Ningbo China, each team consisting of students from architecture, civil engineering, and architectural environmental engineering, worked in the BIM-based platform to provide solutions on architectural model, structural design, cost estimate, and sustainability in terms of energy efficiency. Each team’s design plan was presented and evaluated by academics, the client, and construction professionals. Results – The case study demonstrates the capacity of BIM in assisting the cross-disciplinary pro-ject design. BIM learners gained the practical experience in the team design work. As the project deliverable, different design plans were evaluated by the client and the contractor for further devel-opments. The BIM project experience from team members was also presented in this study. Key Findings / Implications – The BIM education provides the insights of how colleague educa-tion could equip students with the state-of-the-art learning experience by incorporating the real-world project into the BIM pedagogy. BIM, as the coordination platform, could be fully utilized to implement the building design. This case project serves as an example of briding the gap between BIM academ-ia and industry. Future BIM education could continue adopting the case study-based experiential learning approach and expand BIM applications from design to the construction stage. Originality – This work provides the case study in the pedagogical practice demonstrating the BIM-enabled multidisciplinary collaboration in architectural visualization, structural design, budget control, and sustainability strategies.

The objective of this study is therefore to take stock or review the existing body of knowledge, distill the main policy issues and findings, and to identify the analytical gaps. The findings and lessons from research will feed into the ongoing debates and policy formulation, and the identified knowledge gaps will help formulate the immediate and long term agricultural policy research agenda. The World Bank will use the results from this inventory to formulate its economic and sector work (ESW) in the rural sector to underpin its policy dialogue and lending program in Kenya. The inventory and the identified gaps will also assist the government in identifying policy research areas to support the implementation of the SRA. The inventory shall have a broad audience among the stakeholders and the donor community active in the sector. The inventory will be posted on a regularly up-dated web site for wider access.

Some important conclusions for achieving an energy supply system which satisfies the concept of sustainable development are that: The use of limited stocks of energy is compatible with the concept of sustainability provided that we can guarantee future generations a technically and economically viable energy base which is at least of the same size. The use of scarce resources, including the environment as a resource, is decisive when assessing the sustainability of energy systems. The full costs (generation costs plus external costs) should be considered as a helpful indicator for assessing the contribution of power generation technologies to a sustainable energy system. The technical progress made possible by increasing knowledge, which contributes to expanding the technically and economically exploitable raw materials and energy resources and allows a further uncoupling of economic development and the use of resources, will play a key role in achieving sustainable development. A life-cycle-based evaluation employing a variety of sustainability criteria clearly shows that nuclear energy is an attractive source of low-cost electricity that can foster economic development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions cost effectively while broadening the available energy resource base for future generations. Low total material requirements and the total energy requirements of nuclear electricity production are indications of the rational use of scarce resources in comparison with other electricity technologies. Estimates of health risks including those of severe accidents indicate that nuclear power, when constructed and operated according to present safety standards, is associated with health impacts that are in the lower range of all electricity systems. Nuclear energy combines economic, resource, climatological and environmental attractiveness making a sustainable electricity supply system a practically feasible and economically affordable target for many countries.

The aim of NetPark was to test the potential for artists, researchers and developers to create an extensible and mobile experience that connects to public spaces as a dynamic locative experience. Additionally, the project aimed to explore the educational potential of Netpark by creating educational works in collaboration with local school children. As a funded R&D project, NetPark was a collaboration between the arts organisation Metal, the mobile app development company Calvium, and researchers at the University of Brighton. This report presents the process and results of creating a free public digital arts park in Chalkwell Park, Southend-on-Sea, where Metal has its base. Five artists were commissioned to create digital artwork to be experienced by the general public in the park, supported by Metal and Calvium. Jamie Gledhill created the augmented reality project ‘Talking Trees’ utilising the Junaio browser; Rosie Poebright created ‘ Run to Flight’ a locative audio app using GPS; Joel Cahen created ‘ The Oneironaut’ where users experience a narrated dream and contention of reality; Mark Grist and DJ Mixy (Michael Riccardi) created ‘ The Spoken Word Tours’ - a series of performance and musical works based on observations of park users, also including work with school children as performance poetry. Finally, Metal commissioned music duo Matmos to create a new sound work app, where the artists sampled sounds from the park and made new musical works. In addition to the commissioned artists, five local primary schools took part in a series of eight-week long workshops to create locative story apps for younger visitors to the park, in collaboration with professional authors and illustrators. The researchers at the University of Brighton’s School of Arts, Design and Media collected and analysed research material, including interviews and observations, that provided insights into stakeholder issues related to the project delivery, the perspective of makers on creating locative media art, the user experience of artworks in the form of locative media apps, and the educational aspect of creating works with schools. The key insights are: * NetPark is a creative response to the challenges local authorities face around public spaces and parks, drawing on opportunities of the digital and creative economy, to establish a process for artistic and educational creation as well as stakeholder engagement. * NetPark shows how the combination of the park setting park with digital, mobile and locative technologies facilitates new user experiences and engages new audiences. * Engaging local school children in locative media creation for NetPark has a range of educational opportunities and benefits. * Understanding the user experience and the educational opportunities of NetPark can inform further engagement with diverse communities. * Curating and maintaining NetPark is an important part of its strategy and follows the setting-up process. * The NetPark Toolkit contains guidance and resources on the process of commissioning, producing and maintaining both locative digital art works and locative educational digital works in public outdoor spaces. * The NetPark projects makes a contribution to the long-term development of public space in a digital age.

The success of modern ICT systems is not just about the technology. The human and social dimensions are also critical – especially in terms of understanding the context and environment within which the systems operate. This is true also about the environment in which the system is developed. Although much effort has been expended on building and analysing formal models of software systems, little has been done in terms of how software development teams work and how this might be studied in a formally-based way. This research looks at one of the fundamental aspects involved in collaborative teams working in projects – the transactive memory system (TMS). This, well established, concept in psychology is an approach to how the different people in a team regard the capabilities (knowledge and abilities) of each other as it changes over time. These capabilities are the basis for decision making in software projects about who does what, and when.&#13;\n&#13;\nUsing a formal model of the TMS of a team, based on agent-based modelling, simulations were made of how teams might operate under different circumstances. The initial model was validated against published data. The model was then investigated in terms of how different types of project management affected the TMS of a team and on the team’s performance. In particular, a comparison was made between a traditional, plan-based approach against an agile method using pair programming. The result demonstrates strong benefits in terms of performance and learning with the agile approach.