DESIGN AN AUTOMATIC MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER (MPPT) COUPLED WITH SOLAR CELLS ARRAY

Currently, Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource in electrical power applications around the world since it is inexhaustible, clean and pollution free. As the output power from the PV arrays changing with solar irradiance and temperature, so it is necessary to operate the photovoltaic (PV) system at the maximum power point (MPP) to increase the power extraction from the solar panel. For this effective operation and maximum power extraction from a PV system, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm plays a vital role by operating the PV energy system near the MPP. In this work, amongst several existing well established MPPT algorithms, the open voltage (OV) based algorithm is chosen for simulation of a PV system using Matlab / Simscape. As maximum power point (MPP) can be attained with a certain amount of load from the PV power system, so load matching is an important concept of MPPT algorithms. Here, the performances of this open voltage (OV) based algorithm method is evaluated for different values of solar radiation and battery was used as load to see the charging performance for the algorithm.

Solar panels are a renewable energy power plant that uses sunlight as its main energy source. The power generated by solar panels are determined by the size of the solar panels, solar radiation and temperature. The power of the solar panels is also determined by the output voltage of the solar panels. To get the maximum output power at any time, it is necessary to adjust the output voltage of the solar panel. This study proposes controlling the maximum output power of solar panels, also known as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by adjusting the output voltage of the solar panels using a buck converter. The buck converter output voltage regulation at the maximum power point of the solar panel is designed with the Perturbation and Observation (PO) algorithm which is implemented using an Arduino Mega 2560. This MPPT control system is applied to 4x50 Watt-Peak (WP) solar panels which are connected in parallel. The experimental results show that the proposed MPPT control system with the PO algorithm has worked well as expected. This can be seen from the output power generated by the solar panels already around the maximum power point at any change in solar radiation and temperature.

The position of MPP of a solar panel changes with changes in weather conditions such as radiation, temperature and partial Shadow. In such a situation, several local MPPs and one GMPP are created in the P-V curve, and the common methods of MPPT(P&O, IC,…) have converged due to the failure to recognise the local MPP. They cause a lot of losses to the photovoltaic system. Therefore, in this article, it has been tried to provide a new method of particle swarm optimisation with variable coefficients, which in combination with the perturb and observe method can reach the GMPP in the fastest possible time. In this proposed method, we first reach the convergence of the GMPP using the VCPSO method, and after converging to it, we go to the P&O method and use P&O until significant changes are made in the system, and if observed Variations To re-examine the GMPP, we return to the VCPSO algorithm. The results of the simulation of the efficiency of the proposed method show that this method was able to reach the GMPP in the shortest time, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic system increases and the effects of partial shading are reduced.

An on-line MPPT algorithm for rapidly changing illuminations of solar arrays

This Harnessing energy from the abundant and free sunlight is now a days a hot-topic among the research community. The availability of cheap solar modules has made it possible to harvest solar energy with better efficiency. The nature of solar modules is nonlinear and therefore the process of impedance matching is essential. The proper impedance matching ensures extraction of the maximum power from solar PV module. Several algorithms are reported in literatures that are used to operate the DC-DC converter around MPP. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm acting an significant part in photovoltaic (PV) power generating system because it exploit the output power from a PV generating set for a various climatically conditions. This paper suggested a new modified work for MPPT of PV energy gathering system by using the optimized novel fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In the optimized FLC method, the membership functions tune automatically. In this paper MATLAB simulation effort shows with MPPT controller, a zero voltage and zero current dc to dc buck-boost Luo converter feeding a battery load is achieved. The results demonstrate that the suggested novel rule FLC MPPT in the photovoltaic generating system is valid.

This paper reviews the existing models, connection schemes and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods of PV arrays. The partial shading causes significant power losses. It is very difficult to maintain uniform irradiance over the entire PV array, especially for rooftop or building-integrated PV systems. The aspects such as connection scheme of PV array, shading pattern and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, etc., decide the power generated by the PV array. The conventional MPPT methods are only capable of reaching maximum power point (MPP) in identical insolation situations. Hence, conventional MPP tracking becomes inept due to the existence of several peaks in the P-V characteristics. There are different global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking techniques available in the literature that operate in partial shading scenarios. The reconfiguration of the PV array reduces the number of multiple peaks. This reduction in several peaks makes conventional MPP tracking techniques competent even under partial shading conditions with low implementation complexity and higher tracking speed. This paper can assist scientists in choosing a precise objective-based PV module model, connection schemes and MPP tracking methods out of numerous schemes available in the literature.

Maximization of power from a solar photovoltaic (SPV) module is of special interest as the efficiency of the SPV module is very low. The present work describes the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for the SPV module connected at variable load conditions. A personal computer (PC) is used for control of the MPPT algorithm. The power tracker is developed and tested successfully in the laboratory. The simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink. Data acquisition, monitoring, and control are done by the dSPACE software. Different types of algorithms are studied. The algorithm implemented here is “perturb and observe” in a microcontroller-based PC to extract maximum power from the SPV module. The measured parameters such as panel voltage, current, and power are obtained with and without MPPT systems and have been tested on the SPV Module at various load conditions, different temperatures and insolation labels. The comparative results with and without MPPT are shown; the results show that the tracking capability with MPPT improves as compared with without MPPT.

"Photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker". As the name implied, it is a photovoltaic system that uses the photovoltaic array as a source of electrical power supply and since every photovoltaic (PV) array has an optimum operating point, called the maximum power point, which varies depending on cell temperature, the insolation level and array voltage. A maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is needed to operate the PV array at its maximum power point. The objective of this paper is to build MPPT to charge a 12-volts lead acid battery by using a (TBP1275) 74 - watts PV panel. A technique for efficiency extracting the maximum output power from a solar panel under varying meteorological conditions is presented. The methodology is based on connecting a pulse width modulated dc/dc SEPIC converter, which is controlled by a micro controller based unit. The main difference between the method used in the proposed MPPT systems and other technique used in the past is that PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter thus reducing the complexity of the system. The resulting system has high efficiency, low cost and can be easily modified. This approach ensured maximum power transfer under all conditions by using micro controller for calculation. The tracking capability of the proposed technique has been verified experimentally with a 74 W solar panel at different insolation levels.

As energy demand is increasing rapidly, our deployment must be tending towards Renewable Energy Sources (RES), in order to meet the demand. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most focused RES due to plenty than other sources. Before serving to the load, the generated power by solar array is treated electronically and this process is called 'power conditioning'. In power conditioning, two major functions are frequently discussed i.e. DC-AC conversion and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In order to supply the maximum power to the load, it is desired to operate the solar array at its maximum power point (MPP). Maximum Power Point Tracker automatically and electronically matches the load with the array. There are various techniques to determine the maximum power point. In this paper, one soft computing technique is discussed for this purpose i.e. Fuzzy Logic. With the fuzzy logic based control technique, the duty cycle of the boost converter is controlled in order to obtain the maximum power from PV array. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based MPPT system is implemented to the grid through multilevel inverter (MLI).

Static method to optimize a power delivered by a solar panel is called Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The method tries to find a maximum power from its PV solar panel characteristics curve using a power converter. MPPT is realized using a buck boost converter and Filter variable step size modified incremental conductance method. Experimental works show that the MPPT system successfully seeks its maximum power and decreases the oscillation during pathway to reach the maximum power. The power generated by the solar panels at 1000 watt/m2 (without MPPT) is 4.17 watt (R = 50 Ω) and 2.37 watts (R = 25 Ω). MPPT system can increase the power to solar panels into 4.48 watt (R = 50 Ω), and 4.32 watt (R = 25 Ω). The power generated by the solar panels at 750 watt/m2 (without MPPT) is 2.53 watt (R = 50 Ω) and 1.48 watts (R = 25 Ω). MPPT system designed also improve the power of solar panels into 3.02 watt (R = 50 Ω) and 3.02 watt (R = 25 Ω). The error steady state in the maximum power condition is 1.188%.

A hybrid maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic systems

This paper involves an incremental conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for solar panel output. MPPT, or Maximum Power Point Tracking, is a charge controller algorithm that is used to extract the maximum available power from a PV module under particular conditions. Maximum power point (or peak power voltage) refers to the voltage at which a PV module may output the most power. Maximum power is affected by solar radiation, ambient temperature, and the temperature of the solar cell. The output of the solar PV array is connected to DC-DC boost converter. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the MATLAB/SIMULINK results are presented.

This study proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy for the solar photovoltaic power system (SPPS). The proposed system adopts two solar photovoltaic modules of 430 W, which are connected to a boost converter and an MPPT controller, since the traditional MPPT algorithm (such as perturbation and observation [P&O] algorithm) can hardly reach maximum power point (MPP) under low irradiance level and partial shading conditions (PSC), which leads to the low efficiency of the SPPS. The speed of light optical path difference measurement (SLOPDM) MPPT control strategy has been developed in this study to overcome this problem. The estimation of the optical path angle difference is used as the basis for the proposed control strategy. This is done by determining the relationship between the optical path angle difference, solar photovoltaic power impedance Rspv and load Ro, and then calculating the duty cycle corresponding to the MPP, which then drives the boost converter to capture the MPP. The experimental results verify the proposed system, which shows the efficiency comparison between the SLOPDM MPPT algorithm, solar angle and horizon (SAH) algorithm, and P&O algorithm under PSC and uniform irradiance conditions (UIC) at irradiance levels of 700 W/m2 and 65 W/m2. It is evident from the comparison that the efficiency of the SLOPDM MPPT algorithm is 99% under both conditions, which is higher than the SAH and P&O algorithms. The SLOPDM MPPT algorithm can precisely, rapidly, and stably be operated at MPP. The contribution of this study is that the proposed MPPT control strategy can help achieve the high−performance of SPPS without changing the hardware circuit design and requiring any additional solar power meter. This reduces the cost and the complexity of the system significantly.

A new approach in MPPT for photovoltaic array based on Extremum Seeking Control under uniform and non-uniform irradiances

In this paper, a solar photovoltaic (PV) array powered scalar control of the induction motor (IM) drive for the water pumping application is presented. This control scheme involves the standalone operation of the IM drives. Solar PV array has nonlinear I- V characteristics, it requires additional control technique for Maximum Power Point (MPP) tracking. The efficiency is improved with the help MPP tracking (MPPT) technique which extracts maximum power available to the PV array. Perturb and observe (P&O) control technique offers simple control, ease of implementation and low cost is utilized along with DC/DC converter. This Stage extracts maximum power available from the PV array and fed power to the next stage of the DC/AC converter. The switching of DC/AC converter is generated with the help of open-loop V/F control of IM. The performance of the system is examined with the help of MATLAB/Simulink and corresponding results are present to support the suitability of the control scheme.