Design and Comparative Performance Analysis of a Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Modifications

This study presents a high-efficiency circular microstrip patch antenna designed for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications simulation results illustrate the performance of a circular microstrip patch antenna operating at 900 MHz. Microstrip antennas are renowned for their ability to meet the requirements of compact, lightweight designs, ensuring compatibility, and ease of integration. This research focuses on the development of a circular microstrip antenna, formed as a circular patch on a 0.035 mm thick FR-4 substrate. The design was realized using a substrate with a relative permittivity (εr) of 4.3, a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.021 and a substrate height (h) of 1.6 mm. The antenna dimensions are small, measuring 58×45 mm, with a circular patch radius of 17 mm. The antenna operates over a frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz. Key performance parameters include a return loss of -49.8 dB, a wide bandwidth of 150 MHz, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.009, a gain of 2.161 dB, and a directivity of 2.200 dBi. Antenna design and simulation were carried out using computer simulation technology (CST) Studio Suite Software, specifically adapted to RFID applications.

5G is the advanced high-speed and reliable fifth generation wireless communication better than 4G. In this paper, using FEKO software we have designed and analyzed circular microstrip patch antenna for 5G communication and its applications. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the design of a circular microstrip patch antenna at 28.5 GHz resonant frequency with microstrip feed line so that it becomes useful for 5G applications. Therefore, we have used Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate material having dielectric constant $\varepsilon_{r}=2.2$ and loss tangent of 0.0010 with substrate height =0.6 mm. After analyzing the design, we have found this method is highly efficient and reliable with respect 5G applications and thus we have obtained good return loss of −32.86 dB, increased bandwidth of 1.6369 GHz, high gain of 10 dB, excellent antenna radiation efficiency of almost 100%.

In this research, we utilized Ansoft's HFSS v13, which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic (EM) simulator, to design and analyze two types of patch antennas: a 1x4 circular microstrip patch antenna and a 1x4 hexagonal microstrip patch antenna, operating at 5 GHz. The circular patch antenna was fabricated on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4dB and a height of 1.6mm. Various antenna characteristics, such as return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation efficiency, were investigated. The designed 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna and 1x4 circular patch antenna achieved a bandwidth of 3.79% with return loss values well below -30dB. Additionally, a favorable directivity value of 4.5dBi and a gain of 2.7dBi for the 1x4 circular patch antenna and a gain of 3.9dBi for the 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna were obtained. Due to their C-band architecture, these microstrip patch antennas can be employed in various satellite communication applications, such as transponders.

This paper demonstrates the comparison between two on-chip antennas, circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA), and cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), planned for operation at 60 GHz and integrated into 0.18-µm CMOS integrated circuits. The antennas are fed with similar feeding networks. The bandwidth for a return loss below −10 dB is 17.9 % for CMPA and 21 % for CDRA. The simulated radiation patterns of both antennas exhibit similar properties. The gain of the CDRA is 2.2 dB higher than CMPA. Likewise, the results show that the radiation efficiency of CDRA is significantly higher than that of the CMPA at 60 GHz. A comparative study on the transmission gain for wireless interconnections using CMPA and CDRA in the cases of intra- and inter-chip interconnections is investigated. Transmission gain proves the superiority of CDRA compared to CMPA. The proton implantation technique is used to improve the transmission gain. The silicon substrate resistivity is increased from 10 Ω-cm up to 10 MΩ-cm.

In this paper, the designs and performances of coaxial fed circular and elliptical microstrip patch antennas operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are investigated using CST and HFSS simulation techniques. The substrates used in the designs are Rogers-RT-5880, RT-Duroid-6002 and FR-4 with a same thickness of (h=0.2 mm). To identify the optimum radiation performance, a comparison for the fundamental parameters of the designed CMSPA and EMSPA are conducted. The numerical results show that although the CMSPA has a smaller patch area, its radiation performance is lower than the EMCPA. Moreover, the RT-Duroid-6002 substrate maintains the optimum radiation characteristics for the designed antennas, at which the EMSPA gain, directivity, S11 and BW values at 28 GHz and 28 GHz are (6.86 dB, 7.37 dB), (7.28 dB, 7.61 dB), (-23.14 dB, -19.23 dB), and (0.749 GHz, 1.300 GHz). While for CMSPA, their values are (6. 41 dB, 6.60 dB), (6.92 dB, 6.90 dB), (-19.11 dB, -12.50 dB), and (0.717 GHz, 1.077 GHz). The performances of the designed antennas are compared with the previously published works, and very good agreements are achieved. Finally, the designation of EMSPA which slightly studied at (38 GHz) shows a suitable antenna parameter reliable for many 5G applications systems.

The work is to design a 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 2.4GHz and it is simulated for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications by using HFSS tool. Circular patch antenna array is designed by depositing circular patches on FR-4 Epoxy substrate and is fed using microstrip feed lines. Fabricated antenna resonates at 2.391GHz. Antenna parameters such as Gain, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Directivity, Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are analyzed. 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna produces more gain and less return loss compared to 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The compact size and higher directivity compared to rectangular array makes it more relatively useful for WSN applications.

The primary objective of this paper is to design a high performance metamaterial antenna and benchmark the performance with a microstrip antenna. A circular microstrip patch antenna is considered for demonstrating the performance of the antenna with and without the metamaterial structures. This paper clearly brings out the advantages of the metamaterial circular patch antenna as compared to the standard circular microstrip antenna. Simulations and measurements are carried out for comparison purpose. The developed metamaterial based patch antenna shows a significant reduction in size by 25% when compared to a circular patch antenna. It has been found that reduction of size in developed metamaterial based antenna does not degrade the directivity performance which is found to be 6.5 dB. Further, the bandwidth of the metamaterial based antenna is found to be same as that of microstrip antenna. RCS simulation has shown reduction in RCS by 9 dBsm.

This article presents a new design for a dual-band circular polarization microstrip patch antenna that can be used in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The proposed antenna consists of an etched circular shape on the radiator side of the antenna with multiple slots and stubs. The bottom side comprises a partial ground plane with multiple horizonal, vertical and square slots. These shapes on the front and bottom sides of the antenna are used to keep the resonant frequencies, impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) at the desired values. The antenna operation is within the WiFi frequency bands, achieving maximum gains of 5.01 and 5.27 dBi at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively. Circular polarization (CP) is effectively realized through the implementation of opposite truncated corners and intentionally located stubs. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is significantly enhanced, while a defected ground structure (DGS) is utilized to further improve the bandwidth and gain. The optimized antenna has overall dimensions of 40 × 40 × 1.6 mm3 and demonstrates a wide −10 dB reflection bandwidth of 5.38% (2.396–2.525 GHz) and 9.26% (4.91–5.38 GHz), along with a broad 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 380 MHz (2.29–2.67 GHz) and 80 MHz (5–5.08 GHz). The proposed antenna is fabricated using a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The fabricated antenna is experimentally characterized to verify the design concept as well as to validate the simulation results. It is found that the experimental measurements correlate very well with the simulation results. A comparison with comparable designs in the literature shows that the proposed antenna provides a higher gain with a relatively reduced size.

Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) have emerged as a remarkable discovery in the period of miniaturization, despite the fact that advancements in antenna engineering have resulted in the fast growth of communication networks. This work encompasses the design, modelling, and analysis of circular microstrip patch antennas. The resonant frequency of the recommended patch antennas is 9 GHz, which is within the X band range. Ansys HFSS software was used to create them using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. Five performance measures were utilized to examine the recommended MPAs: return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and HPBW. The required information refers to the measurements of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and half power beamwidth (HPBW). The recommended antennas are ideal for use in radar, wireless, and satellite applications.

This paper focusses on comparison of the performance of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna(CMPA) in S-band between CMPA with soil as substrate and CMPA with RT/Duroid 5880 as substrate. RT/Duroid 5880 is commonly used in the fabrication of Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) due to its low electrical loss, low dielectric loss, low moisture absorption etc. However, it is costly. This work tries to prove that soil substrate can be one of the contenders in the future to replace RT/Duroid 5880. The simulation is carried out in Computational Electromagnetic Software FEKO (suite 7.0). The paper concludes by stating that soil substrate being economical can be a potential candidate to replace RT/Duroid 5880 as there is very little to minimal change in key parameters such as bandwidth (a difference of 14.07 MHz), gain (a difference of 0.18 dBi) and directivity (a difference of 0.41 dBi) when the simulation results are compared.

A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of metallic patch and ground between a dielectric medium called the substrate. Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in communication, especially in military and civil applications. The printed antennas have played a major role in development of antenna at different frequency. The proposed antenna is done on fr4 (frame sensitive) substrate with dielectric permittivity εo and the thickness 'h' will provide with good omnidirectional radiation pattern. It has a advantages in simple design, Compact in size and easy in fabrication. Design and simulation of patch antenna using HFSS Software. Design of a circular micro-strip patch antenna for 2.4 GHz application and study s-parameter, Gain and field animations.

A novel design of circular polarization microstrip patch antenna based on the complementary split ring resonator is evaluated numerically and experimentally verified. Unlike the previous application of its resonant performance, the non-resonant property of complementary split ring resonator is used as an asymmetric perturbation to excite the square microstrip patch antenna for a good circular polarization radiation. Good agreement is observed between the measurement and simulation results.

A 1x4 and 1x8 circular micro strip patch antenna array operating at 2.4GHz are simulated for Industrial Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN) applications using CST studio suite and MATLAB based simulator software. The circular patch antenna designed on a FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and a substrate height of 1.6mm is fed using inset-fed technique. Several antenna characteristics such as return loss, radiation pattern, bandwidth, directivity, antenna gain, radiation efficiency isanalyzed. The compact size and higher directivity help to improve the network performance by alleviating contention, increasing communication range, and mitigating interference of the system. Hence, the advantages gained, make the system more useful for IWSN applications as achieved in this research

This paper presents a compact and efficient planar antenna design featuring a circular patch with a concentric ring structure and a slotted ground plane. The proposed antenna, with dimensions of 14 mm × 12 mm × 0.15 mm, is optimised for wideband and ultra wide band (UWB) applications, including 5G communication, Internet of Things (IoT), radar, satellite communication, and biomedical devices. The integration of a defected ground structure (DGS) enhances impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The antenna exhibits a peak gain of 6.14 dB and an efficiency of 83%, demonstrating high-performance characteristics suitable for modern wireless communication systems. The evolution of the antenna design, from a basic circular patch to a slotted ground configuration, significantly improves impedance matching, resulting in dual-band resonance at 3.70 GHz and 7.05 GHz. Simulation results, including return loss, radiation patterns, surface current distribution, and Z-parameter analysis, confirm the antenna’s capability to provide stable performance across multiple frequency bands. The proposed design effectively balances compact size, broad impedance bandwidth, and enhanced radiation properties, making it a promising candidate for next-generation communication technologies.

The small size and light weight of the proposed circular Microstrip patch antenna reduces the launch costs for implementations of small satellites, industries, etc. However, the patch antenna miniaturization is accompanied by a reduction in the frequency bandwidth, which is not of practical interest. To increase the bandwidth of the operation without enlarging antenna size, we have proposed a circular patch antenna, which is composed of two sectors with two different radii (or two different dimensions). The proposed configuration of the circular patch, including two sectors, allows for enhancing the bandwidth of the operation and yields a dual-band Microstrip antenna. Patch dimensions have been designed such that the ratio of two resonant frequencies becomes 0.9. This work has a major contribution of synthesizing a highly-directive broadside radiation pattern by the array geometry of 4 × 1. We have verified that the 4 × 1 antenna array shows superior performance in terms of directivity, strong circular polarization, antenna gain greater than 11.2 <tex>$\mathbf{dBi}$</tex>, and bandwidth, more than 20% from the insertion loss, compared to the other available patches.