Design and deployment of IoT based underwater wireless communication system using electronic sensors and materials

This paper provides an overview of various antennas proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) environment. IoT is an emerging technology in the market these days that aims to deploy numerous devices available, in a network. Antenna plays an important role in wireless technology and hence in IoT. The basic premise is to have antennas that can work efficiently in IoT applications in terms of frequency of operation, gain, radiation pattern and sensitivity. The antenna must be designed keeping in mind that IoT is expected to involve new applications in the coming years. This paper, in its initial part, provides an overview of the importance of antenna design in IoT. Then, an overview of the antennas proposed for IoT applications is given. Finally, we present detailed comparison of proposed antennas to illustrate the approach to design an IoT efficient antenna.KeywordsInternet of Things (IoT)MicrostripReconfigurable antennaUltra-high frequency (UHF)Linear arrayRFIDMultiband antenna

The potential growth of internet of things (IoT) brings people and things together to handle daily tasks in a smart way. The major advancement the IoT offers is quality data sensing and faster data analytics through hurdle-free communication. The increasing number of devices and heterogeneous network natures unwrap more challenges in terms of quality of service. Currently, the deep learning algorithm explores different dimensions of service quality gradually in IoT scenarios. In order to effectively handle a dynamic IoT environment, it is essential that the design of IoT must be supplemented with an intelligent agent for providing effective QoS. The traditional methods are not capable of utilizing historical data to find insights into service quality improvement. In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of deep learning techniques for improving QoS of the internet of things is carried out. Deep learning solutions for improving QoS and the challenges involved are compared. The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for improving QoS in IoT and its evaluation technique are also explored.

Subject Healthcare IoT. Significance As healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) devices become widespread through wearable technology such as ‘smartwatches’, companies are looking to the next advance. With long-term intentions including wireless interfacing with brain implants, security and privacy issues will take centre-stage in IoT design. Impacts Regulators may pressure companies to educate users on privacy. Cybersecurity firms will be able to leverage limited understanding of security among existing medical IoT manufacturers to win new clients. Medical IoT device manufacturers will need to priotise safety to avoid losing market share and falling foul of regulators.

In scientific, military, and industrial sectors, the development of robust and efficient submarine wireless communication links is of enormous interest. Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Underwater optical communication is not a new idea, but it has recently been considered because seawater exhibits a window of reduced absorption both in the visible spectrum and long-wavelength UV light (UV-A). Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic counterpart, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. Underwater wireless communication networks are important in ocean exploration, military tactical operations, environmental and water pollution monitoring. Anyway, given the rapid development of UOWC technology, documents are still needed showing the state of the art and the progress made by the most current research. This paper aims to examine current technologies, and those potentially available soon, for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication and to propose a new perspective using UV-A radiation.

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been regarded as one of the promising solutions to underwater wireless communication systems due to its advantages of high bandwidth, fast transmission and good confidentiality. In UWOC systems, after emitting from light source, photons will be scattered with random deviated angles before propagating to the receiver plane. Hence, the light beam suffers a spatial angle spread at the receiver side. In order to improve the system performance with an appropriate receiver design, it is of significance to figure out the angle of arrival (AOA) distribution of the received light beam. In addition, the UWOC channel is susceptible to other effects such as absorption, turbulence and bubbles, especially when it is exposed to the complex ocean environment. Therefore, analyzing the impacts of these factors on AOA distribution is also essential to evaluate UWOC system performance. The existing studies of AOA distribution only considered single scattering component, which is not practical for turbid water. Furthermore, there are few studies focusing on multi-source scenarios. In this paper, we first present a simple expression for AOA distribution with single light source, taking both single and multiple scattering components into account. Then we extend the work to multi-source scenarios and derive the corresponding closed-form expression of AOA distribution. Compared to the traditional single scattering case, numerical results show that the proposed AOA distribution can fit well with Monte Carlo simulation results with various water types, link distances, and the characteristics of actual light sources.

Internet of Things (IoT) are developed rapidly in recent years and more than 50 billion of IoT devices are expected to be deployed worldwide in 2020. How to automatically and securely connect the tremendous number of IoT end devices to Internet is one of critical problems to be addressed. This paper proposes secure and automatic Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) connection mechanisms for connecting IoT end devices and IoT gateways. Our design has the following advantages. First, IoT end devices, once powered on, can automatically connect to an IoT gateway without human intervention. Secondly, the SSID and password for high security strength WPA2 connection are randomly generated to enhance IoT security. Finally, the randomly generated password and SSID are automatically changed every day or when network attacking is detected.

The Internet of Things (IoT) stands a novel concept which enables Internet connectivity to everyone kind of things and people. IoT integration of several long-distance, short-range, also wireless personal area technologies also networks into design and implementation of IoT applications. For IoT systems, the research community and industry have proposed numerous communication technologies. Any IoT device's communication is one of the most significant aspects The ability to transfer and share data between devices. Wireless communication is mostly used by IoT devices to communicate with one another. This enables many businesses opportunity in field as Cities that are”11 smart”, smart homes, e-health, between numerous others. In this article provides the recently developed wireless technologies associated with IoT in a comprehensive manner. The study examines the impact of Wireless technologies with low power consumption on communication over a vast distance for internet of things applications. Several commercial openings are created Fields of study such as electronic health, Cities that are smart, and home automation. The IoT enables a number of emerging wireless technologies that have been identified in this study. Comparing In terms of wireless communications, there are a variety of options, architectures, structures, protocol structures, and security, this paper offers analysis. The study focuses on connectivity and challenges in each area.

In the inappropriate storage, corn become a suitable medium for fungus growth. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus paraciticus, and Aspergillus nomius produce Aflatoxin that is harmful to humans. One of the problems of Indonesian corn farmer is that storage space does not meet the requirements and corn warehouses still adopt a manually control system. Internet of Thing (IoT) has the potential to be used to facilitate human activities such as transferring and processing data or information through an internet, autonomous, and virtual network. The research objective was to study the corn storage system which has a low aflatoxin content with the IoT Application. The methodology of the study were field observation and desk study related to issues. The results showed that the fungus in corn will grow very fast when the moisture content more than 14 percent. IoT design were be able to maintain moisture content of corn less than 14 percent. IoT system for corn storage consists of room storage, sensors, actuators, monitoring and data storage. Sensor were used for detection and monitoring of the corn condition. The information from this sensor is then processed by a computer program, then the feedback will be done by the actuator.

Background: The increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has raised worries about their susceptibility to different cyber threats. Although there have been improvements in software-level security, hardware measures continue to be essential for strong protection. Objective: The purpose of this study is to thoroughly analyze different architectural methods for ensuring hardware security in IoT devices, assessing how effective and practical they are. Methods: The study conducted a comparative investigation of different hardware security mechanisms, such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs), Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), and hardware security modules (HSMs). Information was gathered from several Internet of Things (IoT) implementations in industrial, healthcare, and consumer industries. Results: The results suggest that PUFs have notable benefits in terms of distinctiveness and protection against physical tampering, while TPMs offer extensive security capabilities but at a greater expense and level of complexity. High-security modules (HSMs) were determined to be the most effective choice for environments with high stakes that demand strict security measures. Conclusion: The selection of a suitable security method for IoT applications depends on the particular requirements and hazards associated with each application, as there is no one-size-fits-all hardware security mechanism. This paper establishes a fundamental structure for choosing and executing hardware security measures in IoT designs, improving the durability of devices against advancing cyber threats.

Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and heterogeneous, adding extra layers of complexity to secure communication and resource allocation. IoT computing resources are often located at the network edge and distributed across many heterogeneous sensors, actuators, and controller devices. This makes it challenging to provide the proper security mechanisms to IoT ecosystems in terms of manageability and maintainability. In an IoT ecosystem, computational resources are naturally distributed and shareable among their constituency, which creates an opportunity to distribute heavy tasks to them. However, resource allocation in IoT requires secure and complex communication and coordination mechanisms, which existing ones do not adequately support. In this paper, we present Secure Actor-based Model for IoT Communication (SecIoTComm), a model for representing secure IoT communication. SecIoTComm aims to represent secure IoT communication properties and design and implement novel mechanisms to improve their programmability and performance. SecIoTComm separates the communication and computation concerns, achieving design modularity in building IoT ecosystems. First, this paper presents the syntax and operational semantics of SecIoTComm. Then, we present an IoT framework implementing the key concepts of the model. Finally, we evaluate the developed framework using various performance and scalability metrics.

With the uninterrupted revolution of communications technologies and the great-leap-forward development of emerging applications, the ubiquitous deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) is imperative to accommodate constantly growing user demands and market scales. Communication security is critically important for the operations of IoT. Among the communication security provisioning techniques, physical layer security (PLS), which can provide unbreakable, provable, and quantifiable secrecy from an information-theoretical point of view, has drawn considerable attention from both the academia and the industries. However, the unique features of IoT, such as low-cost, wide-range coverage, massive connection, and diversified services, impose great challenges for the PLS protocol design in IoT. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the PLS techniques toward IoT applications. The basic principle of PLS is first briefly introduced, followed by the survey of the existing PLS techniques. Afterwards, the characteristics of IoT are identified, based on which the challenges faced by PLS protocol design are summarized. Then, three newly-proposed PLS solutions are highlighted, which match the features of IoT well and are expected to be applied in the near future. Finally, we conclude the paper and point out some further research directions.

The field of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart sensors has expanded rapidly in various fields of research and industrial applications. The area of IoT robotics has become a critical component in the evolution of Industry 4.0 standard. In this paper, we developed an IoT based reconfigurable System on Chip (SoC) robot that is fast and efficient for computer vision applications. It can be deployed in other IoT robotics applications and achieve its intended function. A Terasic Hexapod Spider Robot (TSR) was used with its DE0-Nano SoC board to implement our IoT robotics system. The TSR was designed to provide a competent computer vision application to recognize different shapes using a machine learning classifier. The data processing for image detection was divided into two parts, the first part involves hardware implementation on the SoC board and to provide real-time interaction of the robot with the surrounding environment. The second part of implementation is based on the cloud processing technique, where further data analysis was performed. The image detection algorithm for the computer vision component was tested and successfully implemented to recognize shapes. The TSR moves or reacts based on the detected image. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) part is programmed to handle the movement of the robot and the Hard Processor System (HPS) handles the shape recognition, Wi-Fi connectivity, and Bluetooth communication. This design is implemented, tested and can be used in real-time applications in harsh environments where movements of other robots are restricted.

As location-aware IoT (Internet of Things) devices intend to spread across almost every application, IoT devices are going to require different GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver design requirements. To deliver on IoT opportunities, system architects and designers need to look carefully at every aspect of system design and architecture to be able to enable the full potential of the IoT era. IoT devices are equipped with different connectivity sensors that can provide a reliable integrated location-awareness solution. IoT devices are mainly relying on GNSS chip to deliver a service when no other RF signal is available. Hence, GNSS chip is expected to maintain a robust and reliable performance even in harsh environment. The harsh environment includes multipath environment, NLOS (Non-Line of Sight) GNSS signal reception, weak GNSS signal power reception, superimposed motion (e.g., arm swing, floating platform fluctuation …etc.), operation under freezing temperature, and interference. The targeted low-cost system design along with the expected harsh operational environment derived us to face exceptional GNSS signal reception condition. This paper discusses lessons learned, and challenges faced signal acquisition, reacquisition, and tracking for several IoT applications. Different operational modes are also explored to accommodate various use cases scenarios for several IoT applications. These different power consumption operational modes allow the GNSS chip to achieve an Ultra-low power consumption which indeed required for IoT applications. This paper provides an overview about the addressed GNSS chip fabricated in a 28nm FD-SOI process. We demonstrate a system performance and power consumption comparison of this chip along with other state-of-the-art GNSS chip. We compare the positioning performance for this device alongside another state-of-the-art GNSS modules and Novatel’s tightly coupled GNSS/INS (Inertial Navigation System) reference solution at numerous scenarios ranging from walking, running, and driving at several sites under different environment.

Internet of things (IoT) is the global interconnection of several heterogeneous devices. It allows people and “things” to connect anytime and anywhere using a variety of wired or wireless communication networks. It will have its presence in all sectors of human lives including healthcare. The market for the IoT in healthcare is growing steadily. IoT in healthcare helps in effectively managing health and thus improving the quality of life. This chapter provides a brief introduction into IoT in healthcare or the use of IoT in the healthcare domain. It begins by presenting an overview on both IoT and healthcare. It discusses Internet of medical things. It covers various applications of IoT in healthcare. It addresses some benefits and challenges of IoT in healthcare.

Internet of things (IoT) provides a platform that allows devices to be connected, sensed and controlled remotely across a network infrastructure. This work aims to develop a smart laboratory system in CIT campus based on IoT and mobile application technologies to monitor the overall activities of the lab including energy consumption and utilization of devices, environmental parameters via sensors, thereby providing a smart environment to CIT with energy efficiency and comfort. IoT smart hardware kits are designed using ESP8266, Arduino UNO, relays, current transformers, Raspberry Pi3 and sensors. The proposed work controls and monitors the devices of the CIT IoT lab using the dashboard developed in Node-RED or ANDROID STUDIO Mobile Application. Devices in laboratory are connected to IoT smart hardware kit. Dashboard and Mobile Application has been developed for interfacing IoT smart hardware kit & MQTT broker. Node MCU is also coded to monitor and update the temperature, humidity and light intensity inside laboratory. A database has been created for a prototype switch to view status history. From the results of implementation, it is observed that the appliances in our lab are remotely monitored and controlled, thereby reducing their energy consumption considerably.