Design and Implementation of a C++ Memory Leak Detection Tool Based on Dynamic Instrumentation

Memory leaks represent a remarkable problem for mobile app developers since a waste of memory due to bad programming practices may reduce the available memory of the device, slow down the apps, reduce their responsiveness and, in the worst cases, they may cause the crash of the app. A common cause of memory leaks in the specific context of Android apps is the bad handling of the events tied to the Activity Lifecycle. In order to detect and characterize these memory leaks, we present FunesDroid, a tool-supported black box technique for the automatic detection of memory leaks tied to the Activity Lifecycle in Android apps. FunesDroid implements a testing approach that can find memory leaks by analyzing unnecessary heap object replications after the execution of three different sequences of Activity Lifecycle events. In the paper, we present an exploratory study that shows the capability of the proposed technique to detect memory leaks and to characterize them in terms of their size, persistence and growth trend. The study also illustrates how memory leak causes can be detected with the support of the information provided by the FunesDroid tool.

It is well accepted that pointers are a common source of memory anomalies such as loosing references to dynamic records without deallocating them (also known as memory leaks). This paper presents a novel pointer analysis framework that detects memory leaks by statically analyzing the behavior of programs. Our approach is based on symbolic evaluation of programs. Symbolic evaluation is an advanced static symbolic analysis that is centered around symbolic variable values, assumptions about and constraints between variable values, and control flow information (path conditions). As part of symbolic evaluation we introduce a new symbolic heap algebra for modeling heap operations. Predicates — defined over the program's input — are derived which allow to detect memory leaks. Our approach goes beyond previous work in the field of statically detecting memory leaks by considering also path conditions which increases the accuracy of our results, symbolically modeling heap data structures and heap operations. Examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Software vulnerabilities become one of the top threats to world security in the coming decade. The most of such vulnerabilities are based on memory leaks and memory corruption. Many memory access monitoring tools exist, but most of them suffer from high overhead what makes it impossible to use such tools in the "real world" software projects. The goal of this research is to develop and investigate a memory access monitoring tool that detects memory leaks and corruption using tagged memory without reduce of an original application performance.

A memory-related vulnerability detection approach based on vulnerability model with Petri Net

Lots of efforts have yet been devoted to the detection of memory leaks. However, very few work concerns on the problem of memory leak fixing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic approach for the weak reference based memory leak fixing. The approach can automatically infer the weakenable references in a program, rank them and report them to the user. The user can then weaken references according to the reports to fix the memory leaks.

Soft errors in General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) result in data or control flow errors. Error detection and correction methods for data and control flow errors are orthogonal, and these methods incur separate area, power, and performance overheads. This paper proposes a low-overhead predictive control flow error detection method called GPGPU Predictive Detector (GPD), which leverages data flow error detection and correction methods to detect control flow errors. GPD is non-intrusive to application software and transparent to users. GPD is built on earlier work on data flow error detection and correction methods DDSR and TREFU. In GPD, DDSR and TREFU combined architecture protects all non-control flow instructions. The control flow error is detected by calculating the address of the instruction that succeeds the control flow instruction in advance and comparing it with the actual address it accesses. The effectiveness of GPD has been shown through a set of ISPASS-2009 and RODINIA benchmarks. Relative to a non-fault-tolerant GPGPU architecture, GPD has a performance overhead of 5% and average and peak power overheads of 4% and 3%, respectively. We prove through induction that the GPD provides fault coverage against GPGPU control flow and data flow errors.

The family life cycle can be defined as the series of stages typically through which most of the family progresses, with different characteristics of the stages. These characteristics are related to their demographics, Clothing companies in the fashion industry are becoming more tuned in segmenting to what their customers want and giving them what they want. In order to overcome the stiff competition ready to wear business ought to understand their market characteristics. However, there was a deficiency in information on Family life cycle as demographic segmentation practices on consumer choice. This study therefore seeks to fill the existing knowledge gap by focusing Family life cycle as demographic segmentation on consumer choice of readymade clothes. The study adopted descriptive survey design to obtain in-depth information from the respondents on the influence of family life cycle as demographic segmentation on consumer choice of the ready to wear clothes in Kenya. The study adopted Nassiuma’s (2008) formula to get the overall sample size of 83 respondents from ready to wear entrepreneurs’ businesses from the three cities in Kenya. Both closed-ended and open Questionnaire was used to collect data desirable for the study. The findings showed that the relationship between family life cycle on consumer choice of ready to wear clothes was established to be positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.563; p < 0.05). This implied that family life cycle had a significant influence on consumer choice of ready to wear clothes.

This study sought to explore and describe family life structuring and functioning in a southern Angolan setting. Informants were 20 people with an intimate knowledge of southern Angolan culture (females = 9, 45%; age range 26-88 years) and all employees in the health (n = 5; 25%), education (n = 8; 40%), juridical (n = 2; 10%), public administration (n = 2; 10 %) and faith-based organisations (n = 3; 15%) sectors. We engaged then in one-to-one interviews of aspects of family structure and function which they perceived to characterise the family life cycle in southern Angola. Findings suggest an intergenerational family structure with communal living and marriages in which premarital pregnancy was a precursor. Beginning or young families cohabitated with several other generation, others mostly from extended family in backyard townhomes. Traditionalist gender roles in which men were perceived as heads of households and women as caregivers persisted. Family life in southern Angola is marked by social adaptation of traditionalist African communal living in the context of modernity.

This paper describes the origins of parenting stress, defined both as tensions in the parent–child relationship and as broader changes in five family domains as men and women make the transition from couple to family life. Despite significant change in their average level of functioning, parents show continuity in their level of adaptation from pregnancy through the first five years of parenthood. Parenting stress emerges from the context of parents' individual and marital adaptation before the child is born. It is possible to identify expectant parents who are at risk for later parenting stress and lower well-being across employment and family domains. Path analyses show that men's and women's prior well-being and their involvement in paid work during pregnancy are associated with higher parenting stress—and lower self-esteem, marital satisfaction, family work satisfaction, and job satisfaction—two years later when their babies are 18months old. Stress in the parent–child relationship at 18 months postpartum compounds preexisting stress in other family domains to reduce well-being in other aspects of family life. Links among parenting stress, parenting quality, and children's adaptation to school lead to suggestions for preventive interventions early in the family life cycle.

This review of research highlights the value andfunction of rituals in family life and of assessment and intervention considerations in the clinical context. Six empirical studies examine the relationship of family rituals to alcoholism transmission, adolescent identity and symptomatology, marital satisfaction, and the family life cycle. Although marital and family therapists have demonstrated the rich clinical utility of rituals and have engaged in extensive theory-building, this signifwant dimwnsion of family life awaits much more investigation.

Family mansions have traditionally played a central role in aristocratic family memories. In the case of the Russian aristocracy, this was no different, with country estates (usad’ba) having a special place. The country estate was a place where aristocrats spent a substantial part of their childhood, a place of idyllic memories and a form of stability in family life across the generations. In this way, it was kept in family memory and held a firm place in it. At the same time, the estate itself was a place of memory, for it kept memories of previous generations of the family. This chapter, therefore, deals with the role of a country mansion in ancestral memory, especially how memories of a particular mansion have been passed down between generations during the 20th century, in exile and in Soviet Russia as well. A specific example is the family memory of the Princes Vasil’chikov (memories of Lotarevo’s country estate) and the Princes Golitsyn (country estate in Buchalki). This chapter is based on memoirs, published in exile and in Russia.

This paper examines the effect of the passage of time on the quality of marriage. A devel- opmental approach is employed and marital satisfaction and happiness among a sample of Calgarian couples are assessed over the family life cycle. The evidence reveals a consistent pattern, showing a curvilinear association between marital satisfaction and stage in the family life cycle for both hus- bands and wives. Marital satisfaction declines steadily from the beginning of marriage to the period when children exit the family unit. From then on, all couples experience increased marital satisfac- tion as they move through the post-parental period into retirement. The introduction of control vari- ables revealed significant gender differences, but did not destroy the original curvilinear relationship. The data demonstrate the way in which the intersecting of family and work roles affects husbands and wives variedly as they face role strains at different transitional points in the family life cycle. Both our research strategy and the results obtained underline the unitary character of family and work relations and thus demonstrate the usefulness of conceptualizing the family as a unit with a set of developmental task requirements inside and outside the household.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how service performance and procedural justice are related and how this relationship is moderated by family life cycle (FLC) and culture. While it has long been assumed that customer perceptions of fair treatment by service providers are related to service quality perceptions, there has been little research that explicitly examines this relationship. Previous research has established that justice is an influential antecedent of behavior and attitudes in many different settings.Design/methodology/approachUsing a 42‐item survey instrument combining the SERVPERF scale, a procedural justice scale and several demographic measures, responses were obtained from 717 individuals from Central and Eastern Europe and the USA. A 2×2 factorial design was used to evaluate the relationship between service performance and justice perceptions, and the moderating impacts of FLC position and culture on these perceptions.FindingsStrong evidence was found to support the notion that fair treatment of customers affects service performance perceptions across both FLC position and culture.Research limitations/implicationsOnly one service industry (higher education) was used. This study should be replicated in other industry settings to provide validation across industries.Originality/valueFrom both empirical and theoretical standpoints, this study bridges the gap between two separate but related literature streams of service performance and procedural justice.

This paper discusses various aspects of travel patterns with respect to the family life cycle (FLC). A modernized FLC is proposed which reduces the number of non-classifiable cases. Based on longitudinal data, the paper explores not only the dependence of destination choice, seasonality, choice of accommodation, and transportation on the FLC, but also differences between three cohorts. It is concluded that that the FLC affects travel pattern considerably, however, other influences such as the cohort effect should be given more consideration. It is argued that longitudinal approaches can be valuable additions to the commonly used cross0sectioanl inquires in market research and positioning.

The family is the main source of caregiving to all its members. One's need for and ability to give care is negotiated by one's place in the family's life cycle and one's social identity—male or female, grandparent, parent, child, or spouse. The availability of relatives shapes the type of care the family can provide for itself and what forms of care it requires from outsiders. The social structure of the family is culturally shaped and globally varied. Most nations have had an upsurge in population aging in the past 50 years that will likely last for the next 50. Thus, a major question is: How can the efforts of families to meet the needs of their elders be filled in culturally appropriate contexts? The increasing diversity of family structures within and across nations will invite an assortment of local solutions drawing resources from multiple levels: individuals, families, and communities.