Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Automatic Toll Gate System Using RFID

Nowadays, the internet of things (IOT) has attracted the attention of the researchers. As a key technology of the Internet of Things, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has also attracted the interest of industry and academia. One of the most important issues for the applications of the IOT based on RFID is security. In order to promote the development of IOT based on RFID, first of all, we briefly introduce the IOT system components and work process based on RFID, and then we deeply analyze the security threats in the IOT based on RFID, by the means of these analysis we discuss the current countermeasures for the security threats of RFID. Aiming at the RFID system, the corresponding technologies are raised such as Tag killing, Tag sleeping and blocker Tag; and the authentication based on HASH is the main method aiming at the communication process.

Evaluation of design alternatives of End-Of-Life products using internet of things

One key technique in Internet of Things(IoT) is localization, which has been an indispensable context for most of the applications in IoT. In this paper, we introduce an indoor location detecting platform based on the passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. The major advantage of our platform is that it can be adopted to meet different detection granularity requirement based on the flexible RFID antenna design. Second, the only thing for a user to carry with is a tiny RFID tag on his/her shoes which is light weight and no charging power problems. Thirdly it will be shown that our design is easy to be augmented into normal artifacts in an unobtrusive way for the indoor environment. Two versions of the RFID-based location detection systems are introduced. One is called U-tile (Ubiquitous tile), in which passive RFID reader is embedded into the tiles. Another improved version is called Indoor-tracer, which adopts anti-collision RFID and more light weight comparing with the previous version U-tile so that it can embedded into various artifacts like bags and drawers. The performances of both two prototype systems were evaluated and the mutual-aware applications for remote family based on IoT were developed by using the platform.

This paper proposes a very novel approach to implement the automatic toll tax collection system on the toll plazas using radio frequency identification (RFID) and global system for mobile (GSM). Nowadays, the cities and highways are bursting with traffic, and very often long queues of vehicles can be seen at various toll plazas so that they can pay the toll and then able to use the road or highway. So a system is proposed wherein the toll tax could be paid via cashless transactions and people wouldn’t have to wait for a long time for the cash payment of the toll tax. This would save people’s money and time simultaneously. It would also eliminate errors in cash transactions and further ease the job of the toll plaza companies. It would definitely bring down any of the corruptions occurring at the toll plazas. Finally, it would make the existing toll tax collection more efficient and ease our lives a bit more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions an ecosystem where smart and interconnected objects can sense surrounding changes, communicate with each other, process information and take active roles in decision making. Optimizing supply chain performance is a primary concern of manufacturing and logistics organizations. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is helping organizations to build automated and interconnected smart environment by object identification and tracking, motivating the first step towards an IoT-enabled world. This chapter attempts to understand extant literature studying applications of RFID in implementing the IoT in supply chain management. We categorize extant literature, firstly, based on research methodology and secondly, based on supply chain processes. We find that presently academic activity is around conceptualizing the usability of RFID in the IoT with limited analytical and empirical evidence. Supply chain processes such as demand planning, procurement, retail shelf space management and product returns are prospective areas for interesting future research.

Upcoming 5th-generation (5G) systems incorporate physical objects (referred to as things), which sense the presence of components such as gears, gadgets, and sensors. They may transmit many kinds of states in the smart city context, such as new deals at malls, safe distances on roads, patient heart rhythms (especially in hospitals), and logistic control at aerodromes and seaports around the world. These serve to form the so-called future internet of things (IoT). From this futuristic perspective, everything should have its own identity. In this context, radio frequency identification (RFID) plays a specific role, which provides wireless communications in a secure manner. Passive RFID tags carry out work using the energy harvested among massive systems. RFID has been habitually realized as a prerequisite for IoT, the combination of which is called IoT RFID (I-RFID). For the current scenario, such tags should be productive, low-profile, compact, easily mountable, and have eco-friendly features. The presently available tags are not cost-effective and have not been proven as green tags for environmentally friendly IoT in 5G systems nor are they suitable for long-range communications in 5G systems. The proposed I-RFID tag uses the meandering angle technique (MAT) to construct a design that satisfies the features of a lower-cost printed antenna over the worldwide UHF RFID band standard (860–960 MHz). In our research, tag MAT antennas are fabricated on paper-based Korsnäs by screen- and flexo-printing, which have lowest simulated effective outcomes with dielectric variation due to humidity and have a plausible read range (RR) for European (EU; 866–868 MHz) and North American (NA; 902–928 MHz) UHF band standards. The I-RFID tag size is reduced by 36% to 38% w.r.t. a previously published case, the tag gain has been improved by 23.6% to 33.12%, and its read range has been enhanced by 50.9% and 59.6% for EU and NA UHF bands, respectively. It provides impressive performance on some platforms (e.g., plastic, paper, and glass), thereby providing a new state-of-the-art I-RFID tag with better qualities in 5G systems.

Even invented and applied initially during the World War II, RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technologies [1] have attracted much attention recently. Precisely speaking, RFID technologies have been applied very widely in some proprietary or closed systems, for example, animal control [2], portal control (access badges), etc. in last decades. The main advantages of RFID application are, storing item data in an electronic way even for further update, data access by electromagnetic wave in a wireless manner, and allowing quick multiple accesses to RFID tags. Based on the diverse applications, different spectrum bands are allocated, for example, LF (125 134.2 kHz and 140 148.5 kHz) for animal control, HF (13.56MHz) for electronic ticket, and UHF (868 MHz-928 MHz) for logistics, etc. Most of the frequencies are located in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands [1]. However, RFID was emphasized again mainly because of the need of supply chain [3]. By proposing a standard for the format of electronic data used for goods items, of which EPC (Electronic Product Code) [4] is an example, the products can be registered at once when they are shipped out from the factories in one country, and be released when they are checked out at the counter of a supermarket in the other country in the world. These products might have been transferred through Customs of many countries and carried by different traffic means. When being through these check points, the related data stored in the tags are updated. This is called “product tracking” and is to be carried out in an “Internet of Thing (IOT)” [5]. This Chapter is to have a review on the technology theme – how to provide low-cost RFID Tags, when RFID technology is to be applied into the logistics area where the RFID tags are supposed to be not re-usable and to be as “zero-cost” as possible. Generally speaking, there are three major parts composing a RFID Tag’s total cost, namely, antenna, chip and assembly for them. The cost of antenna, in addition to the design phase, is mainly dependent on the manufacturing process. Therefore, manufacturing process should be focused if antenna’s cost, then the tag, is concerned. This is the theme of this Chapter. Not like the other antenna applications, for example, wireless LAN or mobile phone, in which antennas need to be compliant to the end products’ appearance by following the market trend. In the tag antenna industry, on the contrary, it does not need to design or modify the tag antenna often. The tag antenna just needs to electrically match the chip used in the beginning of design. It is not necessary for tag providers to prepare a wide product spectrum in the market. Again, not like the mobile phone industry, RFID tag’s players just

Exploratory Study on Approaches for Traffic count Prediction; Using Toll-Way Traffic Count

The EPCglobal organization found a RFID information architecture named ‘EPC Network’ was based on EPC (Electronic Product code). The concept of EPC Network is ‘Internet of things’, every object was given a unique identification code stored at RFID tag, using mature internet architecture to reach “Internet of Physical Objects”. With EPC Network, we can connecting every object and create the vision of “Identify any object anywhere automatically”. lthough the standards of EPC Network have not been completed by EPCglobal organization, but the functions of core services were defined and having done several specifications and documents. This study of exploring EPC Network architecture planning in car bumper supply chain, and extend the researches by Zeng(2005)、Liu(2006). Three phases of this study： 1.Phase one：Collection the current RFID applications in automobile industry and use these applications as references to planning a EPC Network based of car bumper supply chain. 2.Phase two： Study the combination、materials flow、issues、RFID implementation point and RFID implementation values between OEM Market and After Market in car bumper supply chain. 3.Phase three：Drill into the RFID information architecture after RFID data capture equipments were implemented, such as information function、core components needed for each supply chain member、data structure、data transfer type、interoperation between members. Keyword：RFID、EPC Network、Supply Chain、Electronic Pedigree

Internet of Things (IOT) is an important part of the new generation information technology; it has been applied successfully. As a key technology of the IOT, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been promoted and applied in a number of areas, including library management. This paper introduces the IOT, and then studies the work principles and technology standards of RFID, and compared with other identification techniques; last, this article explores the application feasibility of RFID in library and pointed out its shortcomings.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a emerging revolution technology that mankind has ever seen. IoT represents the future vision of computing and communication. IoT introduce the world of information and communication technology (ICT) for connectivity of anything at anytime from anywhere. Current Internet is considered as “Internet of People”, connecting the users of all over the world with various ways. IoT semantically means a network of interconnected things (Objects) with unique addressability and connected using a standard communication protocol technology. IoT can connect physical world to the virtual world. Data in IoT should be gathered by radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN) or electronic product code (EPC), etc. Recently scientists, academies and industries have put efforts to find a way for standard communication between physical object and real world, but there are many challenges in this area. This paper will represent the future of ubiquitous computing and showing the specific definition for standard architecture. Also we introduced two models architecture (3layer and 5layer architecture) in IoT. We will discuss the several challenges in IoT which recently researcher and architecture trying to solve these challenges. Finally we will be showing the Database scenario in IoT.

Internet of Things provides a general concept of the integration of Internet with sensors, radio frequency identification, and smart objects. The term Internet of Things is the internetworking or interconnecting of objects that contains actuators, softwares, and sensors. It enables devices to gather and transfer information over a network. Things in the Internet of Things have the capability to send and receive information to a network barring the intervention of humans and it contains physical objects that have a particular identifier with an embedded system. This new technology Internet of Things and various elements and technologies to implement Internet of Things are introduced. In this paper various research challenges and applications associated to the Internet of Things are reviewed.

The objective of this study is to develop a discrete-event simulation model of traffic operations at a toll plaza to compare the performance measures between the manual and electronic toll collection (ETC) systems. This study also attempts to simulate the scenarios where the number of servers in these systems is reallocated to improve the overall operational performance. The field data were collected at a toll plaza on an expressway on-ramp during a PM peak period via video recording. The collected data were summarized to determine the characteristics of parameters as inputs for the simulation model. The simulation model was developed in EZStrobe, while the results were carried out via STROBOSCOPE. The simulation model was calibrated with the field data prior to making modifications and simulating various scenarios. The results show that, under the existing conditions, switching an electronic tollgate to a manual tollgate reduces the average overall queue delay and queue length by 71% and 78%, respectively. After reallocation, the average queue delays in these systems equalize as the proportion of ETC users reaches 72%. The additional throughput time of 0.4 s/veh in the ETC system is small compensation for the 6.8-second deduction in the average overall throughput time. In conclusion, shortening the queue lengths at the toll plaza by efficiently utilizing the existing tollgates is possible for improving the overall operational performance of the toll plaza without the additional tollgate installation.

A double PUF-based RFID identity authentication protocol in service-centric internet of things environments

The invention and innovation of RFID technology changed the world and many sectors (such as logistics, railways, healthcare, and so on) are now deployed with RFID technology instead of using barcode systems. With the numerous advantages, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) got many expectations in the healthcare sector. The main objective of this research work is to implement the RFID technology in Specimen collection in the healthcare sector and the IoT (Internet of Things) network supports the transaction while the specimen test box is being delivered. The system uses a Sparkfun RFID reader to read/write patient information to the Gen2 RFID tag, which is attached to the test tube collected from the patients. When the test box is delivered to another laboratory, we develop an IoT network to know the box’s temperature, humidity, and GPS location instantly, with the help of an NB-IoT shield. The major advantage of the combination between IoT technology and RFID is that the management of test box overall condition becomes much easier. To summarize, this method is highly competent in identifying the location of medical devices in real-time and reduces the time-consuming of data logging than the barcode system.