Design of CNC Machine Tools Based on Artificial Intelligence

Research on Morphology and Semantics of Industrial Design for CNC Machine Tools

To cope with the increasingly competitive and demanding markets, CNC machine tool company needs a new form of development that focuses on two core competency factors: ‘process’ and ‘knowledge’. This study presents a knowledge-centric process management framework for the CNC machine tool design and development (D&D) with the integration of process and knowledge. Requirements for the framework are generated based primarily on the nature of the machine tool design practice. The proposed framework consists of process integration model, process simulation, process execution and knowledge objects management modules. Each of these modules is elaborated to support the knowledge-centric machine tool development process management. Finally, the prototype development is presented. Results of this study facilitate the knowledge integration in CNC machine tool D&D, and thus increase machine tool development capability, reduce development cycle time and cost, and ultimately speed up the effectiveness and ensure the excellent machine tool development.

The highly sophisticated CNC machine tools of today, in the vast and diverse range found throughout the field of manufacturing processing, started from very humble beginnings in a number of the major industrialized countries. Some of the earliest research and development work in this field was completed in the USA and a mention will be made of the UK’s contribution to this numerical control development.

Dynamic change is the starting point of realizing the high quality development of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province. First of all, this achievement analyzes the development status of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province; second, it establishes an index system to measure the high-quality development level of equipment manufacturing industry, uses entropy weight method to comprehensively evaluate the high-quality development level of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province; third, it constructs high-quality equipment manufacturing industry. The demand side and supply side models of the source of power are developed, and the trend of power transformation of high-quality development of equipment manufacturing industry is summarized. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward to promote the power transformation of high-quality development of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province.

The design of machine tools strongly depends on the materials chosen. Increasing requirements on machine tools require the joint optimization of material and design and thus also drive the development of new materials in this field. Digital technologies finally creating a digital shadow of the machine in development also enable the required co-development taking into consideration dynamic, thermal and long term influences and behavior, enabling state and health monitoring to increase the performance of the machine tool to the maximum possible. The choice of material for the different components of machine tools is today even more difficult than ever. The recent review paper by Möhring et al. [1] sheds light on the vast field of properties and decision opportunities of combining materials at hand with design features. In former times, cast iron was the predominant material for machine bodies and has left its footprints on the design of machine tool bodies lasting still up to now. Because massive machine bodies have been the wealth of good properties, high accuracy, stiffness, good material damping properties have been attributed to cast iron design, then with increasing strength requirements higher strength cast irons came into fashion having much less material damping and finally lead to welded frames. Today requirements of dynamics and thermal behavior change the scene again. The goal is to achieve high productivity with high accuracy, which typically is a contradiction. But increasing dynamics requires distinguishing between moving bodies and their non-moving counterparts, and opens the floor for multimaterial design. For moving parts, which have to move with high dynamics meaning, high speed, high acceleration, high jerk, light weight design prevailed with the utilization of standard materials. Because manufacturability plays a major role, the bionic structures have to be degraded to thin walled rib structures as demonstrated in Fig. 1, while in future additive manufacturing will remove that restriction and enable some real bionic structures. Furthermore material choice has a huge impact on inertia savings which opens the door for CFRP, which becomes especially interesting, when the anisotropy of this material is exploited as shown in Fig. 2. From the manufacturability truss structures then result shown in Fig. 3. For the nonmoving elements, the base body, cast iron, welded steel, polymer cast, and concrete are typical materials chosen. Also aluminium structures are discussed despite the fact that aluminium has only one third of the stiffness of steel, but it offers much better thermal conductivity equalizing temperature differences faster and thus reduces the warp of the structure, which typically causes larger errors than an isotropic thermal expansion. For the choice of materials no generalizable guideline exists. The question which material is the better choice is not answerable in generality, because design follows material, which means that a sound comparison requires completely new design approaches for the different materials, where the difference between metal and polymer concrete or CFRP is really large, offering different potentials. As an example, a design of a fast moving bridge of a gantry machine might be considered. The guiding of a support on this bridge with roller guidings imposes severe problems to the design due to the material mix and different thermal expansion coefficients. Thus the choice of CFRP for the bridge necessarily must be followed up by a decision of the guiding principle, where in this case aerostatic bearings were considered as the most promising possibility. Also the potentials for function integration into the material are of major interest for the material choice, as this is easily possible for low temperature castings like for mineral cast, CFRP, or concrete. This integration of functionalities actually is a fairly new approach and relates again the machine body design to inspiration from biology, as for instance trees or leaves are from the point of view of materials weaker than our technical materials, but have a fine integration of functionalities as transmittance of information and nourriture. Sensor integration opens the field for “feeling machines” also inspired from biology, which enables the machine to detect its embedding environment and react accordingly. Cheap and miniaturized sensors are on the other side the developments that enable this approach of machine design. In the age of compensation, Industrie 4.0 and biological transformation, this functional integration will have a huge impact on material choice. Also in terms of thermal issues in machine tools, the material choice plays a major role, as thermal elongation is a physical property which is influenced by material choice. A much larger influence comes from design as indicated already above. With growing importance of compensation besides sensor integration, especially the thermal linearity and reproducibility are of crucial importance, which makes multi material design a non-trivial design task. The discussion on the superiority of thermally fast reacting machines or thermally slow reacting machines has not come to an end yet. Problematic are machines composed of components that react fast and those that react slow. A major step in that direction is the discovery of thermal resonances in [5], which shows that temperature change frequencies can depending on the machine design lead to higher or lower thermal displacements of the TCP and therefore need to be taken into account in the design phase and are significantly influenced by the choice of materials. Restrictions and influences are also coming from the process a machine tool has to enable. The material choice must take into account the influence of different media as for instance the metal working fluids as well as the debris like hot chips etc. The aforementioned discussion is mainly a discussion of main structural parts of machine tools. It must be pointed out that a machine tool is more than the sum of its structural elements, as also covers, which typically get forgotten in all academic discussion of behaviors of machine tools, but are significant for the influence of the environment on the machine tool. Also here the material choice plays a major role. Finally material choice to a large extent decides on the costs of a machine tool, but due to the huge amount of influence factors a sound fact based decision requires a nearly full design elaboration of various material choices and the summation of costs at the end of this process. This special issue with its various individual papers elucidates different aspects of the influence of materials on the design of machine tools without being capable of offering clear rules for material choice. ===danraku===1) Isolating material to exclude environmental influences on machine tools is proposed. ===danraku===2) A new guiding system with rollers and sliding guidings is proposed and the different materials for the sliding part are investigated. ===danraku===3) Gears from bamboo fibres are proposed and the manufacturability as well as their performance are discussed. The gears offer great advantages from the environmental point of view. ===danraku===4) CFRP for spindle shafts is evaluated and CFRP spindles are compared with steel spindles within the same geometric boundary conditions. The performance increase in compliance and thermal stability is significant. ===danraku===5) A topological optimization of a grinding machine tool structure is presented and showed drastically increased performance. The difficulty to transfer it to a mass producible machine tool structure is pointed out. ===danraku===6) A design of a CFRP ram for a high speed stamping press is presented and testing procedures to ensure the ability of the ram to withstand billions of impacts are designed and carried out. ===danraku===7) CFRP can beneficially applied for the cutting tool structure and besides enhancing dynamics in terms of mass and damping the material also is a valuable basis for smart tools. There are good arguments for each of the materials, which cover the whole scope of machine tool functionality: manufacturability, stiffness, strength, specific mass, thermal properties, function integrability, reproducibility, availability, environmental friendliness, and costs.

In this study, design and analysis of a gantry-type 5-axis CNC machine tool is presented with experimental results on a manufactured prototype. Critical points in the design of a large-scaled and heavy-duty machine tool is discussed. Moreover, FE analysis results is also presented with detailed discussion. The measurement results on structural dynamics is shown together with the FE results. Furthermore, the final performance of the machine tool is demonstrated thorough position and velocity measurements of the axes.

Big data technology has strongly promoted the development of social productive forces, and commercial applications are continuously expanding in all walks of life. It also uses the power of Internet technology to provide strong technical support for the development of the entire industry. In terms of the production of CNC machine tools, due to the use of big data technology, CNC machine tools have been rapidly produced on a large scale, which has played an important role in the upgrading of the entire CNC machine tools and the improvement of quality and efficiency. This article takes the technology of big data acquisition bus for CNC machine tools as the topic, through researching and discussing its concept, meaning and related strategies, in order to effectively improve the production scale and reference.Chinese Library Classification number : TP23 Document Identification code : A

Summary The article presents the issue of designing portable machine tools in which module components are applied. Portable machine tools are mainly designed for machining of elements at the place of their final installation. Experience has shown that achieving high efficiency in the design of portable machine tools can only be reached through the use of mechatronic approach with the use of ready-made modular components (for example: ballscrew mechanisms, bearing units, linear guide systems). The designer of a machine tool must be aware of lack of information on selected parameters of these components. It is recommended to use simplified replacement models of these components and implement them to the model of entire machine tool to achieve desired static and dynamic characteristics. Authors of the article present an example of a modular component and its replacement model. They also present the results of calculations performed with the use of this.

Chen, D.; Zhang, H., and Wang, S., 2019. Fiscal investment and port terminal infrastructure construction model: a regression-based analysis. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H. and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 443–446. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Port terminal supported by the finance mainly focuses on the contribution of fiscal expenditure to port terminal infrastructure construction and economic development in a longer period. This paper introduces control variables that affect the quality of port terminal infrastructure, carry out quantitative analysis of fiscal expenditure to port terminal infrastructure and economic development, studying the mode and intensity of the fiscal expenditure to port terminal infrastructure construction. Furthermore, the paper uses panel data to investigate the long-term contributions of the fiscal support to port terminal infrastructure and economic development. The results can provide the guide for fiscal investment in the port terminal infrastructure construction.

This paper firstly gave the definition of equipment manufacturing industries and pointed out that equipment manufacturing industries is of great importance in the development of Anhui economy. On this basis, took industry scale, economic benefits and contribution and technological innovation ability as three major aspects to evaluate the current situation of equipment manufacturing industries in Anhui. And then used Analytic Hierarchy Process and Factor Analysis to evaluate and analyze the current situation of Anhui equipment manufacturing industry according to the data provided by the second national economic census and gave an objective evaluation to it. At last gave some suggestions to the development of Anhui equipment manufacturing industries.

The high-end equipment manufacturing industry is the high-end part of the equipment manufacturing industry, the symbol of country's strategic emerging industries and industrial rise, and core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. How to promote the high-end development of equipment manufacturing industry in the industrial chain through technological innovation and break the situation that developed countries hold the advanced technology in equipment manufacturing industry which is of great strategic significance for China's manufacturing power. This paper focuses on China's equipment manufacturing industry, and takes rail transit equipment manufacturing enterprise Z Company as an example to conduct benchmarking analysis with world-class enterprises, so as to explore and clarify the path and direction of China's equipment manufacturing enterprises to become world-class enterprises.

Modular design is one of the modern design methods used for the development of CNC machine tools, which can shorten the product design and manufacturing cycle, and improve the product quality and reliability. Module coding is one of the important steps in carrying out the modular design. Aiming at the effective application and management of the module codes in the enterprise informatization, this paper studied and developed the module coding system oriented on CNC machine tools. First, this paper analyzed the purpose of the module coding and put forward the basic rules of the module coding. Then, considering the characteristics of the modular design for CNC machine tools, this paper determined the coding scheme fit to the requirements of the machine tools enterprise. Next, based on the popular B/S structure and J2EE platform, this paper completed the function design and software development of the module coding system. At last, the development environment and example interface were introduced. The application of this module coding system in one machine tools enterprise proved that it was powerful to promote the application of modular design and the realization of the enterprise informatization.

CNC machine tools have excellent performances such as high quality, high efficiency, and high reliability, and occupy an important position in its equipment manufacturing industry. They are called modern work machines. FMECA and RPN analysis have become an important part of the reliability analysis of CNC machine tools. Take a CNC boring and milling machine as the research object to analyze its functional principle and mechanical structure. On this basis, the fault data of CNC boring and milling machine is analyzed by FMECA and optimized by RPN analysis. The two methods analyze the CNC boring and milling machine, find out the weak links of the machine tool, and then carry out further maintenance to achieve the purpose of reducing the failure of the machine tool. The results show that the results of the two methods are basically the same, and the high-incidence parts of machine tool failures can be found more accurately, which provides a basis for subsequent machine tool repairs and maintenance.

With the structure design and manufacture of CNC machine tool becoming more and more perfect, its geometry errors have been controlled, thermal error generated by thermal deformation of CNC machine tool is the main error, which has strongly influence on the CNC machine tool's process precision. Thermal error compensation is an important method for increasing the process precision of CNC machine tool, and the neural networks technology is the major tool in thermal error modeling and compensation. In this paper, some applications of neural networks in thermal error modeling and compensation are introduced, and they are demonstrated by examples, the results prove that researches on artificial neural networks and relative algorithms have good effects on CNC machine tool's thermal error modeling and compensation.

성공적인 지역발전 모델을 창출하기 위해서는 지역의 공간적 특색을 살릴 수 있는 전략산업 육성이 필요 하다. 지역산업 발전의 선택과 집중사이에서 선정된 전략산업이 지역경제를 이끄는 원동력이 될 것이며 지역경제 활성화에 파급효과를 줄 것은 분명하기 때문이다. 이를 위해 단순히 정책적 과제로만 끝나는 것이 아니라 지속적인 실행에 옮길 수 있도록 지자체의 많은 관심과 역할이 중요하며 장기적으로 지역산업과 관련된 주체의 지속적인 발전이 가능한지를 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지역산업을 육성하는 정책적 사업의 적정성을 고려하기 위해서 다양한 평가지표가 고려되어야 할 것임에 착안하여 국내외 지역발전 성공사례를 중심으로 지표를 구축하였다. 다음으로 전문가를 대상으로 컨조인트 분석을 실시하여 지표의 가중치를 도출하고, 지속가능한 지역산업이 갖춰야 할 합리적 평가체계 방안을 제시하였다. 그 결과 '지역발전' 부문에서 '지역경제', '인력양성', '지역마케팅' 부문의 속성으로 구분하여 총 9개의 지표를 도출하였고, '산업발전'부문의 '인프라 구축', '기술개발', '기업지원'의 9개 지표를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통한 시사점을 살펴보면, 첫째, 향후 지역산업 육성정책의 평가 시 다양하고, 구체적인 평가체제를 기본으로 부족 부분을 보완해 나가야 할 것이다. 둘째, 지자체는 전략적으로 산업간 융복합이 가능하고, 광역지역 간 연계가 용이한 전략 산업을 우선적으로 고려해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 지역산업을 위한 인재와 기업에 대한 원활한 기반마련 및 지원이 이루어 져야 한다. In order to create a successful regional development model, there should be an effort to foster a strategic industry which boosts a geographical features of rural areas. Because, It must be clear that the strategic industry chosen between choice and concentration of the development of the local industry development which boosts the local economy revitalization. The local government should have continual concern and roles to fulfil political subjects and keep estimating about the possibility that there could be the sustainable development by Task Ahead of the local industry. This study's indicators were established for the adequacy evaluation of the industrial policy by focusing on domestic regional development's success example. Next, Conjoint analysis was conducted on the Experts. On the basis of this analysis, the weights of indicators are derived. And this study suggest the reasonable evaluation system to take Sustainable industry plan of regional strategic. Consequently, 'Regional development' sector separate 3 categories which are 'Local economy', 'Human Resource Development', 'local marketing' and 9 indicators were derived. 'Industrial development' sector derived 9 indicators about 'Construction of infrastructure', 'Technical development' and 'business support'. Looking through the implications of this study. First, the problem needed to be supplemented based on the Diversity and concreteness of Evaluation system when government assesses regional industry development policy. Second, local government have to strategically consider the possibility of convergence between industries and easiness of network in a broad region. Finally, Foundation and support of the professional manpower and companies for the regional industries must be established.