Design of Software System Based on Axiomatic Design

Storing and Retrieving Design Solution in the Physical Domain Based on DFX Tools and Morphological Analysis

Design of Thinking Design Machine

Axiomatic Design, as a scientific approach has demonstrated its strength in the fields of vehicles, aircrafts, manufacturing facilities, and so on. The use of Axiomatic Design theory, together with traditional software development methodology, can improve effectively product design process. In this paper, the system development method of product design based on Axiomatic Design theory is proposed. The Axiomatic Design theory, Axiomatic Design process model, system software development process, software design structure and Object-Oriented design method are introduced in details. Finally, the system development of lathe design based on axiomatic design theory on the platform UG NX 5.0 software is presented. Application example shows that the method can greatly shorten the product development cycle, and can obtain effectively innovative products with high quality.

An approach to the selection of design parameters based on conflict with constraints

This paper focuses on the application of complexity theory and entropy concepts in the design process. Broadly speaking, the design process involves three phases: problem definition, conceptual design and embodiment. In the conceptual design phase, concepts that satisfy the functional requirements of the desired product are identified and compared. It is said that approximately 75% of the total product life-cycle cost is committed in this phase. The conceptual design phase has two essential sub-phases, namely, obtaining a solution set and selecting the most suitable solutions. Our work focuses on the selection sub-phase. The aim within this sub-phase is to minimize the number of selected concept variants and to reduce their chances of rejection in later stages. However, the solution to this problem is quite elusive, mostly because information about concept variants is scarce and rather qualitative at this stage. A common method is to perform a cost-benefit analysis. However, the analysis relies heavily on expert intuition and is thus subjected to high uncertainties. Recently, axiomatic design is gaining popularity. This is a framework that incorporates two axioms, namely, the Independence Axiom and the Minimum Information Axiom, accompanied by several corollaries. However, criticism on the integrity of the Independence Axiom has appeared recently in the literature. Further, the formulation of axiomatic design appears to have logical flaws. Finally, the conceptual design phase, a distinct phase in the design process, cannot be distinguished clearly in axiomatic design. In this paper we try to improve the selection phase of the conceptual design by improving the existing cost-benefit approach. In this vein, performance features against which concepts would be evaluated are established. We propose the use of Kolmogorov complexity theory and entropy concepts from information theory and physics to evaluate the complexity of the performance features. The design concepts are then improved based on the rule to reduce complexity of each performance feature. Weights are finally assigned to each performance feature and an overall complexity index is obtained which is suitable to compare designs. The ideas are further elaborated on by examples.

Axiomatic design has the potential to help designers understand the increased design freedom and limitations of additive manufacturing prior to starting the actual design process. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of Axiomatic Design in the design process of complex additively manufactured components. The article uses a case study involving the design of a non-assembly turbine to demonstrate that Axiomatic Design can be applied as a supportive tool to acquire information on new limitations imposed by additive manufacturing, such as minimum wall thickness and maximum size of parts. The use of axiomatic design is demonstrated by describing the process of decomposition of the non-assembly turbine and examining the suitability of the general design according to the independence axiom. The resulting decomposition chart is subsequently used as a basis by the authors to design individually two competing designs of a turbine. Finally, the information axiom is used to determine the design with the lowest information content according to design (part and support volume), performance (pressure drop) and economic parameters (cost).

Research Progress Analysis of Reliability Design Method Based on Axiomatic Design Theory

This paper explores a novel approach to instructional planning using the axiomatic design theory to create an optimized curriculum. First, an existing piece of curriculum is analyzed by axiomatic design approach and design matrices are made to check whether the independence axiom is satisfied or not. Second, functional requirements (FRs) are derived from the FRs of the existing curriculums developed through conventional methods. Constraints (Cs) are defined considering the time and subject. Design parameters (DPs) are conceived in physical domain to satisfy these specified FRs and Cs, and two alternative DPs for one FR are proposed. One of these alternatives having the least information content is selected by defining FRs as the minimization of the irrelevant subjects/topics and time. Also feasibility is estimated by comparing the information content of the redesigned curriculum with that of other curriculums in consideration of costs-involved, time, and subjects-relevance.

This paper presents an Axiomatic Design framework formanufacturing system design and illustrates how leancellular manufacturing can achieve volume flexibility. Axi-omatic Design creates a design framework by mappingthe functional requirements of a system to specific designparameters. Volume flexibility is often neglected as arequirement of manufacturing systems. Very few indus-tries are fortunate enough to experience stable or pre-dictable product demand. In reality, demand is oftenvolatile and uncertain. It is important that manufacturingsystem designers are aware of manufacturing systemtypes which can accommodate volume flexibility and fol-low a structured design methodology that assures that allrequirements are met by the system. INTRODUCTION Recent decades have led to the development and prolif-eration of many new paradigms in manufacturing. Withthe advent of Numerically Controlled (NC) and later Com-puter Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine tools androbotics, the complexity of manufacturing systems hasgrown considerably. In many instances, the advantagesand limitations of these new tools were not understood.This confusion led to many costly mistakes in manufac-turing system design. Many companies believed thatautomation was the wave of the future and invested inexpensive automated systems only to find that they werenot cost effective.There are two reasons why such mistakes have beenmade and continue to be made. First, the manufacturingfield as a whole does not fully understand the advantagesand disadvantages of different types of manufacturingsystems. Since the mid-1970's the variety of manufactur-ing system types has grown considerably. Since thattime, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Agile ProductionSystems, and Lean Cellular Systems, have becomeaccepted types of manufacturing systems. Prior to that,the main types of systems were limited to Job Shops(jumbled flow systems), Disconnected Flow Lines(Batch Production), and Transfer Lines. The develop-ment of new system types complicates manufacturingsystem design considerably. Careful consideration of therequirements of the system is required to support aninformed system type selection.A major reason why highly automated manufacturing sys-tems may not be cost effective is that product demandcan be very unpredictable. Generally, the more auto-mated the system is, the less flexible it is in terms of vol-ume. An automated transfer line, for example may be themost cost effective type of system available at a particu-lar production rate. If demand increases or decreases,however, an automated system is either unable to meetthe demand or must take a variable cost increase (over-time, etc.) to do so. In many industries, demand is vola-tile and uncertain. As a result, the forecast of demand israrely accurate. Figure 1 illustrates that even with anaccurate forecast, demand will be normally distributedabout the forecast. If the forecast is skewed, the actualdistribution will be shifted either to the left or right.Figure 1. The uncertainty of the demand forecastThe problem of forecasting is magnified as the leadtimerequired to construct and validate a manufacturing sys-tem increases. As this leadtime increases, a longerrange forecast is required. The deviation ( ∆) between theforecast and the actual demand can be expected toincrease the farther into the future the forecast predicts.The second reason for ineffective manufacturing systemdesigns is that there has been no structured methodol-ogy to follow. Tools such as Quality Function Deployment(QFD) and Axiomatic Design have proven to be very

In this paper, to completely meet the requirements of reliability design in the product designing, an axiom-based reliability design approach is proposed. In light of the axiomatic design principles, products are designed preliminarily to establish their functional requirements, so that according to these, functions preserving requirements are augmented, which constitute a functional requirement preserving domain that is included in functional domain, and derives the parameterized solution for reliability design systematically. Subsequently, the design parameters are augmented and optimized to achieve the functions preserving requirements. Mapping model of the augmented functional domain and the physical domain is established. And a solutions evaluation approach based on independence axiom is proposed. Ultimately, via identifying the potential failure modes from the perspective of the disappearance or reduction of functions preserving capability, a control process is elaborated to mitigate the failure modes based on independence axiom and logic decision in order to satisfy the reliability requirements. Taking the design of a temperature sensor as an example, the present study demonstrates that all approaches are feasible, efficient, and can be applied in real engineering scenarios.

The usage of a beam scanning type laser marker is rapidly increasing in the field of semiconductor equipment. A device called a “beam adjuster” is employed to adjust the visible diode laser, which points to the marking position for various settings. The device is very sensitive to manufacturing tolerances and assembling conditions. The axiomatic approach is applied to the design of the device. An existing design is analyzed based on the Independence Axiom, but the existing design is discovered to violate the axiom. Two new designs are proposed to satisfy the Independence Axiom. The Information Axiom is utilized to evaluate the designs, and the selected design has minimum information content. The significance of this research is that a full cycle of axiomatic design is applied to a real engineering product.

During the last decade (from the late 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s), manufacturing systems have significantly changed. Their function and performance have altered in a period of rapid development, mainly as a result of the application of the techniques of computer science. The new systems are termed either flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or computer- integrated manufacturing (CIM). The advance of flexible manufacturing and its related technologies has been accompanied by a number of related developments, such as flexible manufacturing of a global network type, CIM incorporating personnel functions, skill-based manufacturing, and compact flexible manufacturing cells (FMC). These all have notable influences on the system configuration and operational technologies of flexible manufacturing: perhaps as a result, there is some confusion about their terminology. A number of differing nomenclatures are used (such as FMC, FMS, flexible or factory automation (FA), CIM and enterprise automation (EA), for the same fundamental technology.

The automobile seat must satisfy various safety regulations for the passenger’s safety. In many design practices, each component is independently designed by concentrating on a single regulation. However, since multiple regulations can be involved in a seat component, there may be a design confliction among the various safety regulations. Therefore, a new design methodology is required to effectively design an automobile seat. The axiomatic approach is employed to consider multiple regulations. The Independence Axiom is used to define the overall flow of the seat design. Functional requirements (FRs) are defined by safety regulations and components of the seat are classified into groups which yield design parameters (DPs). The classification is carried out to keep the independence in the FR-DP relationship. Components in the DP group are determined by using the orthogonal arrays of the design of experiments (DOE). Numerical analyses are utilized to evaluate the safety levels by using a commercial software system for nonlinear transient finite element analysis.

Integration of Extenics and Axiomatic Design theory

A Component Oriented software development method is proposed that uses collaboration diagrams for the definitions of dependencies among the Functional Requirements and Design Parameters according to Axiomatic Design Theory. COSEML is a component oriented graphical modeling language utilizing a single hierarchy diagram to construct systems. Axiomatic design theory provides a systematic approach to application design where developers can see all the determined dependencies among functional requirements and solutions (design parameters) in a matrix. However, axiomatic design has a shortcoming. There is no defined way to create relationships among functional requirements and design parameters. Axiomatic design theory provides basically two axioms that keep the design manageable and cost effective. Axiomatic design has been applied to component oriented software engineering in our previous studies. This research produces a foundation for a framework that combines COSEML and Axiomatic Design Theory, through added capabilities in defining dependencies.