Designing offline computer science activities for the korean elementary school curriculum

Objectives The study was analyzing the Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in the revised national curriculum of China in 2022, hoping to get enlightenment from the Arts(Technology & Home economics) education in China. Methods The content analysis of literature study method for this study was used. Results This paper analyzes the changes of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) curriculum in China, the overall composition of the revised Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) curriculum documents of Elementary and Middle School in 2022 and various parts of the text. Finally, through the comparison of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in 2022 between South Korea and China, the enlightenment is drawn. Conclusions First, The compilation and operation of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in China is centered on the hierarchy, cohesion and coherence of its nature, goal and content system. Second, the goal of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in China is to cultivate knowledge, skills and attitudes about labor(technology), and it also emphasizes starting from the professional and ideological levels. Thirdly, the content system of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in China is “daily life labor”, “productive labor” and “service labor” based on Marx's labor theory of value. Fourth, the teaching and learning methods of Practical Arts (Technology and Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in China are based on experience activities called “Lao Dong Zhou” and labor projects. Fifthly, the evaluation of Practical Arts(Technology & Home economics) Curriculum of Elementary and Middle School in China takes into account the development level of learners, and is carried out in grades (groups) around the core literacy of subject.

The application of digital literacy in elementary schools is a curriculum-driven approach to create independent and student-centered learning through the effective and efficient use of digital technology. This study explores teachers' perceptions of the application of digital literacy in the curriculum to improve the quality of elementary schools. The research uses a quasi-qualitative approach. Data was collected through structured interviews with 48 teachers from 26 elementary schools, while data analysis used thematic analysis. The results of the study summarize the statements of elementary school teachers that revealed three main themes: the urgency, strategy, and positive and negative impacts of implementing digital literacy in the curriculum in elementary schools. The teachers stated that implementing digital literacy is critical because it impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of school resources, improves the quality of schools, and helps develop 21st-century skills. This study concludes that school principals need to manage the curriculum and prepare regulations that regulate the availability of infrastructure for implementing digital literacy in elementary schools. This study also recommends that the Indonesian government make policies on the rules for implementing digital literacy in elementary schools and elementary schools can implement digital literacy in a sustainable manner and be prepared based on the curriculum according to the potential and culture of the school.

In their article published in Research on Planned Economy, no. 14, Wang Hong and Rong Zhigang indicate that operational expenditures for educational undertakings in China have scored a big increase. Right now per-capita operating expenses in elementary and secondary schools are close to or a little higher than the level prior to the Cultural Revolution. Nevertheless, the actual spending level, adjusted for inflation, is still very low. Compared with 1977, educational outlays in Hebei province rose by 120 percent in 1980. But the per-capita spending on education in elementary and secondary schools, instead of going up, went down after being adjusted for inflation. The fall was nearly 40 percent in elementary schools and still more in high schools. For many years operating expenses in elementary schools were only one or two yuan per student a year. Under such circumstances, conditions of school operation can hardly be improved.

One of the components that support and determine the success of implementing the 2013 curriculum in elementary schools is the role and competence of teachers. The problem that is often encountered in schools is the understanding and awareness of teachers about the role and competence in implementing the 2001 curriculum. This study aims to explain the learning process of the 2013 curriculum in elementary schools, the role of teacher competence in the implementation of learning in elementary schools. This study uses the library method as a research method. Content analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results of this study indicate that (1) the characteristics of the learning process in the 2013 curriculum are integrated thematic learning activities, applying learning steps (introduction, core, closing) according to the 2013 curriculum format, integrating scientific approaches, applying authentic assessment and character education; (2) the role of teacher pedagogic competence in 2013 curriculum learning is to implement integrated thematic learning, apply a scientific approach, utilize media and learning resources, utilize information and communication technology, integrate 21st century skills in the learning process, carry out character education, and carry out authentic assessments.

Implementing the flipped classroom in elementary schools has become a crucial learning alternative in responding to the demands of 21st-century learning, which prioritizes active student engagement and maximizing technological utilization. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of existing empirical research regarding implementing the flipped classroom in elementary schools to obtain comprehensive information regarding developments, potential, and challenges in its implementation. The systematic literature review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized data from Scopus and ERIC databases. Out of f 133 articles, 29 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using the meta-synthetic approach. The findings revealed limited progression of flipped classroom implementation in Indonesian elementary schools, with global development fluctuations. Implementation advantages included increased student engagement, comprehension, and motivation, aligning with 21st-century learning needs. Technology, particularly instructional videos, played a pivotal role, while challenges included material readiness, technology access, and parental support. These findings offer an overview of the current circumstances surrounding the implementation of flipped classrooms and highlight the potential and obstacles that need to be considered to increase their effectiveness at the elementary school level. In conclusion, integrating flipped classrooms emerges as a pertinent alternative to address the demands of 21st-century learning. Nevertheless, it is imperative to recognize that the identified challenges, coupled with the restricted implementation in Indonesia, warrant further research.

This study aimed to analyze the urgency of heutagogy-based local wisdom values in the elementary school curriculum in Bali. This research method used a survey with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted on elementary school teachers in Buleleng Regency, Bali using a purposive sampling technique consisting of 27 elementary school teachers from nine districts. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which consisted of a 2013 curriculum implementation questionnaire, Balinese local wisdom values applied in elementary schools, and teachers' opinions about the importance of heutagogy elements applied to the 2013 curriculum. Data analysis techniques in this study used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicated that local wisdom is low in the 2013 curriculum, Balinese local wisdom was rarely inserted into learning, and the primary need for 4C elements found in heutagogy. Therefore, character values, actions, works and traditional games of Balinese local wisdom based on heutagogy in the elementary school curriculum were very urgent to be implemented in elementary schools in Bali. Steps that can be taken include elaborating the values of local Balinese wisdom in teaching materials, media, evaluation tools, lesson plans, and student worksheets.

Media and platforms are important components of scientific literacy learning in implementing the Merdeka curriculum in elementary schools. This community service activity aims to disseminate the use of media and platforms to strengthen scientific literacy in implementing the independent curriculum in elementary schools. The method used is socialization, which includes several stages: identifying problems and needs, determining training topics, and evaluating. This activity was attended by 60 teachers in Kuningan Regency. In terms of process, the implementation of community service was conducive at both the online and offline stages of implementing activities. Participants were very enthusiastic about participating in question-and-answer activities, practices, and presentations on media use. All participants developed learning media and presented it in front of other participants. The success of implementing this community service is assessed from the implementation process and the output, where there is an increase in teacher understanding regarding scientific literacy and the use of media and platforms to strengthen scientific literacy skills. Keywords: science literacy media and platforms, merdeka curriculum, elementary schools Abstrak Media dan platform merupakan komponen penting pembelajaran literasi sains dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mendiseminasikan penggunaan media dan platform penguatan literasi sains dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu sosialisasi mencakup beberapa tahapan yaitu identifikasi permasalahan dan kebutuhan, penentuan topik pelatihan, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 60 guru di Kabupaten Kuningan. Dari segi proses, pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian berlangsung kondusif dan lancar baik pada tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan daring maupun luring. Peserta sangat antusias berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan tanya jawab, praktik, dan presentasi penggunaan media. Semua peserta turut andil dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran dan mempresentasikannya di depan peserta yang lain. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini selain dinilai dari proses pelaksanaan juga dinilai dari output pengabdian dimana adanya peningkatan pemahaman guru terkait literasi sains serta penggunaan media maupun platform penguatan kemampuan literasi sains. Kata kunci: media dan platform literasi sains, kurikulum merdeka, sekolah dasar

Interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) begins as early as elementary and middle school. As youth enter adolescence, they begin to shape their personal identities and start making decisions about who they are and could be in the future. Students form their career aspirations and interests related to STEM in elementary school, long before they choose STEM coursework in high school or college. Much of the literature examines either science or STEM identity and career aspirations without separating out individual sub-disciplines. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a survey instrument to specifically measure engineering identity and career aspirations in adolescents and preadolescents. When possible, we utilized existing measures of STEM identity and career aspirations, adapting them when necessary to the elementary school level and to fit the engineering context. The instrument was developed within the context of a multi-year, NSF-funded research project examining the dynamics between undergraduate outreach providers and elementary students to understand the impact of the program on students’ engineering identity and career aspirations. Three phases of survey development were conducted that involved 492 elementary students from diverse communities in the United States. Three sets of items were developed and/or adapted throughout the four phases. The first set of items assessed Engineering Identity. Recent research suggests that identity consists of three components: recognition, interest, and performance/competence. Items assessing each of these constructs were included in the survey. The second and third sets of items reflected Career Interests and Aspirations. Because elementary and middle school students often have a limited or nascent awareness of what engineers do or misconceptions about what a job in science or engineering entails, it is problematic to measure their engineering identity or career aspirations by directly asking them whether they want to be a scientist/engineer or by using a checklist of broad career categories. Therefore, similar to other researchers, the second set of items assessed the types of activities that students are interested in doing as part of a future career, including both non-STEM and STEM (general and engineering-specific) activities. These items were created by the research team or adapted from activity lists used in existing research. The third set of items drew from career counseling measures relying on Holland’s Career Codes. We adapted the format of these instruments by asking students to choose the activity they liked the most from a list of six activities that reflected each of the codes rather than responding to their interest about each activity. Preliminary findings for each set of items will be discussed. Results from the survey contribute to our understanding of engineering identities and career aspirations in preadolescent and adolescent youth. However, our instrument has the potential for broader application in non-engineering STEM environments (e.g., computer science) with minor wording changes to reflect the relevant science subject area. More research is needed in determining its usefulness in this capacity.

"Computer Science (CS) Unplugged" is an educational method for introducing non-specialists to concepts of CS through hands-on activities that don't require the use of a computer. Often the deeper concepts of CS have been considered as being too difficult for elementary and middle school students, and many educators teaching "IT" are not even aware of the richness of the topic. CS Unplugged methods have been used successfully with students of a wide range of ages. In this paper, we analyze the structure of CS Unplugged activities to identify the elements that make them work well. Based on the analysis, we propose a design pattern which will be useful as a guideline for developing new activities, and to revise existing ones. We also describe our experience developing original teaching material, using the pattern as a benchmark for evaluation.

Coding is increasingly popular in schools around the world and is often taught by non-specialist teachers as an integrated task with other subject areas. In this article, we explore the relationship between computer science (CS) concepts and students’ multimodal expression in a coding animated narrative (CAN) task in the context of an integrated English-Technology unit of learning. Through this collective case study, we explore how CS concepts underpin semiotic elements of an animated narrative, analyse the factors that influence the extent to which students exercise those concepts, and reveal the tensions and opportunities that a CAN task may present for learning computer science concepts in regular, non-specialist, cross-curricular classrooms. The findings suggest that CAN tasks are unique in presenting opportunities for students to learn challenging CS concepts such as synchronisation and parallelism. At the same time, CAN tasks present tensions for teaching CS concepts in non-specialist classrooms, where student projects are often judged on their visual qualities. In such settings, procedural, rather than conceptual knowledge, may be a more efficient route to creative outcomes. It also means that drawing skills need to be prioritised. Role specialisation often led to better quality projects but at the expense of individual students’ conceptual development in computer science.

Desenvolvendo um trabalho voluntário junto aos alunos do ensino fundamental no 1º ciclo (1ª a 4ª série), os monitores de Astronomia membros do CAIMP (Clube de Astronomia de Itaocara Marcos Pontes), que eram em sua maioria alunos do ensino médio, desenvolveram um trabalho de aproximação entre os alunos do Colégio Estadual Teotônio Brandão Vilela e os temas envolvendo Ciências e Astronomia. Através de oficinas de informática, artes, vídeos educativos e teatros de fantoches, os alunos puderam expressar seus conhecimentos e emoções diante das lendas mitológicas com as quais começaram a ter contato. O trabalho desenvolvido pelos monitores junto aos alunos proporcionou a integração entre as turmas do colégio e os levou a participação em atividades de maneira a estimular sua oralidade e aumentar sua auto-estima. Trabalhando várias formas de expressões, os alunos puderam realizar seus experimentos e conhecer alguns conceitos de Física e Astronomia, enquanto adquiriam autonomia para se expressarem de acordo com seus sentimentos e conhecimentos adquiridos. O trabalho em si mostrou além da possibilidade de inserção de Astronomia no Ensino Fundamental, a possibilidade de realização de um trabalho interdisciplinar nas séries iniciais envolvendo Astronomia, Arte e Mitologia. Os resultados apresentados pelos alunos nas Olimpíadas promovidas na escola e pela OBA (Olimpíada Brasileira de Astronomia) possibilitaram a verificação de uma crescente aprendizagem e estímulo ao conhecimento de temas científicos, que foi comprovado diante da apropriação dos conceitos de Astronomia adquiridos e apresentados em resultados como avaliações, ou ainda, diante dos relatos obtidos dos mesmos, suas famílias e professores.

The background of this research is the problem of reading ability of grade 1 elementary school students in 009 Kepau Jaya Public Elementary School, Siak Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, as seen by students who have difficulty recognizing letters, even though the teacher often repeats the letters in front of the class, saying words, and matching pictures with writing when the teacher uses the task of matching images with children's writing tends to be less able to do it. This study aims to analyze the reading ability of grade 1 elementary school students at 009 Kepau Jaya Public Elementary School. The population and sample in this study were all first-grade students of 009 Public Elementary School Siak Hulu, Siak Hulu Subdistrict, amounting to 30 students. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive to analyze the reading ability of grade 1 elementary school students at 009 Kepau Jaya Public Elementary School, Siak Hulu District, Kampar District. The data collection technique used was the observation of grade 1 students and analyzed to find out the results of descriptive statistics that illustrated the level of ability to educate elementary school students in grade 1. Based on the results of the study it was found that the ability to read first-grade students of 009 Kepau Jaya Public Elementary School in Siak Hulu District was a low category. This can be seen in the category of scores obtained by students where 18 or 60% of students are in the low initial reading ability, while the remaining 12 or 40% of students are in moderate reading ability. This is influenced by physiological factors, intellectual factors, environmental factors, and psychological factors.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting elementary school teachers in implementing the deep learning curriculum. Two groups from a public elementary school in Sumedang Regency participated in a quantitative, quasi-experimental design. While the control group employed traditional teaching techniques, the experimental group used AI-based support. Pretest and posttest tools for learning outcomes were used to gather data. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and N-Gain effectiveness analysis were among the methods used to analyze the data. The results show that students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group in terms of their learning outcomes. A significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores was indicated by the Wilcoxon test's significance value of 0.000. The experimental group's average N-Gain score was 0.58 (58.13%), which was considered moderate and higher than the control group's 0.37 (37.48%). These findings show that integrating AI not only increases student learning effectiveness but also gives teachers the ability to evaluate learning data in real time and modify their lessons to meet the needs of their students. It is determined that deep learning curricula in elementary schools can be successfully supported by the application of AI. To guarantee long-term implementation, schools are urged to improve their digital infrastructure and offer sufficient teacher training.

The implementation of the integration of the Natural Sciences and Social Sciences (IPAS) curriculum in elementary schools is one of the significant changes in the Indonesian education curriculum, which is expected to improve the quality of education and prepare students to face future challenges. However, the implementation of IPAS also faces a number of obstacles and challenges that need to be overcome. This research aims to identify the main obstacles faced by schools in implementing IPAS. The research will use a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The data we collect will be analyzed using statistical software and qualitative analysis techniques to identify key patterns and findings. The results of this research will provide valuable insights that can support efforts to improve basic education in Indonesia, and bridge the gap between learning policies and practices in elementary schools. In future research, it is hoped that it can sharpen the discussion of science and science learning in elementary schools which not only discusses the material but also approaches to learning.

This study aims to examine the urgency of mastering pragmatics for elementary school students in improving language skills. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in social contexts and its influence on effective communication. This study is important because good pragmatics skills can help students communicate appropriately and effectively according to the social context. The method used is a literature review of various relevant sources regarding pragmatics and its application in language learning in elementary schools. The results of the study show that mastery of pragmatics has an important role for elementary school students, including: (1) improving the ability to communicate effectively and according to context; (2) developing social skills in interaction; (3) helping to understand the implied meaning in oral and writtencommunication; (4) improving the ability to interpret text comprehensively; and (5) being the foundation for the development of critical literacy. The implementation of pragmatics learning in elementary schools can be done through various approaches, such as contextual learning, role play, simple conversation analysis, and project-based learning. This study recommends the need to integrate pragmatics aspects in the Indonesian language learning curriculum in elementary schools to prepare students to become effective communicators in various social contexts.